Biotechnology - Science topic

Dear participants of the seminar! Let me also say a big thank you for your participation! These two days of the seminar were full of theoretical knowledge, valuable practical experience and advice, and bright thought-provoking questions! It was a fruitful seminar, indeed! Thank you very much! See you next year in May! Greetings from Prague! Sincerely, Filipp.

There are a few instances of legal cases related to biotechnology in Turkey:

The production of secondary metabolites in microorganisms is governed by a complex interplay of genetic mechanisms. These mechanisms include regulatory genes that control the expression of biosynthetic gene clusters, which encode enzymes responsible for secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Additionally, environmental factors, such as nutrient availability and stress conditions, can influence the expression of these genes. Moreover, epigenetic modifications, like DNA methylation and histone acetylation, can also regulate secondary metabolite production by modulating gene expression. Overall, it's a dynamic process influenced by various genetic and environmental factors.

If you need my opinion of your paper, I am ready to to it

Chencho Dorji crucial?A

GAIN - please, can one of you name a major operation using so-called biodegradation of plastic as a primary operation in solid waste management?

The connection between biotechnology and deep tech highlights a future where the integration of complex scientific research, innovation, and advanced engineering is essential to driving societal progress and addressing global challenges. Biotechnology, as a segment of deep tech, encompasses a broad range of applications, from healthcare and agriculture to environmental conservation and beyond. Given its expansive impact, several future challenges and research directions are poised to shape the landscape of deep biotechnology:

1. As biotechnological innovations push the boundaries of what's possible, ethical and regulatory frameworks will need to evolve. This includes issues related to genetic engineering, data privacy in genomics, and the equitable distribution of groundbreaking treatments.

2. The convergence of biotechnology with other deep tech areas like AI, quantum computing, and nanotechnology necessitates a seamless integration of multidisciplinary expertise. Bridging these disciplines poses both a collaborative opportunity and a logistical challenge.

3 Many biotechnological innovations face scalability challenges. Transitioning from a successful laboratory proof-of-concept to widespread commercial and clinical application is non-trivial. Additionally, ensuring these innovations are accessible and affordable to those who need them most remains a significant hurdle.

4. Deep biotech ventures often require substantial upfront investment with a long-term horizon for returns. Balancing the need for rigorous scientific research with investor expectations for timely returns is a delicate endeavor.

5. The complexity of biological systems presents ongoing technical challenges. This includes issues like the delivery mechanisms for gene editing tools, overcoming antibiotic resistance, and creating sustainable bio-based materials.

Future Research Directions:

The development and commercialization of biotechnological innovations, influenced by the deep tech ecosystem, require a collaborative effort among governments, academia, venture capital, and industry. The lessons learned from rapid vaccine development during the COVID-19 pandemic underscore the potential of this ecosystem to address pressing global challenges.

As biotechnology continues to evolve within the deep tech framework, its role in shaping a sustainable and health-focused future becomes increasingly significant.

India has a rich history of traditional foods and medicines. A new Biotechnology journal with new innovations is commendable

Certainly! Here are some well-regarded reference books that delve into CRISPR gene editing technology, offering insights from the basics to advanced applications:

1. "CRISPR-Cas: A Laboratory Manual"

Edited by Jennifer Doudna, Prashant Mali, and Samuel Sternberg

2. "A Crack in Creation: Gene Editing and the Unthinkable Power to Control Evolution"

By Jennifer Doudna and Samuel Sternberg

3. "The CRISPR Generation: The Story of the World’s First Gene-Edited Babies"

By Kiran Musunuru

4. "Genome Editing: The Next Step in Gene Therapy"

Edited by Toni Cathomen, Matthew Hirsch, and Matthew Porteus

5. "CRISPR: Methods and Protocols"

Edited by Magnus Lundgren, Emmanuelle Charpentier, Peter C. Fineran

These books range from technical manuals to more narrative accounts of CRISPR technology's development and implications. Depending on your interest—be it the technicalities of gene editing, the story of CRISPR's discovery, or the ethical and societal impacts—you'll find valuable information in these references.

l Check out this protocol list; it might provide additional insights for resolving the issue.

For whatever its worth, I have attached my updated CV below for those interested in giving me a chance.

Thank you so much sir.

Thank you for the accurate and interesting views. I'm actually wondering the considerations one would make, when he/she chooses a target gene and vector design. More specifically the genetic consideration in replacing or adding a gene into mammalian cell types.

Yes, I am interested to work with you.

Hello esteemed colleagues and academics,

I am thrilled to share some excellent news with you: our book proposal titled "Biotechnological Applications for Soil and Water Improvement and Conservation" has been accepted by the publisher, Bentham Science Publishers. We are now in the phase of seeking collaborators who wish to contribute to this exciting project. In the case of non-native English speakers, a language proficiency certificate is required.

The book will cover a wide range of topics related to environmental biotechnology, with each chapter offering unique perspectives and in-depth insights into these fields. Here are the proposed topics for the chapters:

Table of contents of the book “Biotechnological Applications for Soil and Water Improvement and Conservation”

1.- Introduction to Environmental Biotechnology: Fundamentals and Perspectives.

2.- Soil: Composition, Functions, and Current Challenges.

3.- Beneficial Soil Microorganisms: Mycorrhizae, Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria, and Other Natural Allies.

4.- Biotechnology and Soil Remediation: Techniques and Microorganisms for the Recovery of Contaminated Soils.

5.- Biofertilizers and Biopesticides: Sustainable Alternatives for Agriculture.

Author: Dr. Olivia Pérez, Dr. Rafael, Dr. Yesica, Dr. Karen

6.- Biotechnological Management of Saline and Arid Soils.

7.- Water: Cycle, Importance, and Challenges in Conservation.

8.- Biological Treatment of Wastewater: Use of Microorganisms for Purification.

9.- Bioremediation of Contaminated Waters: Strategies and Success Cases.

10.- Conservation and Reuse of Water in Agriculture: Biotechnological Techniques for Efficient Use.

11.- Microalgae and Biotechnology: Water Purification and Biomass Production.

Author: Dr. Yuri Cordoba

12.- Biosensors for Contaminant Detection: Innovative Tools for Water Monitoring.

13.- Bioengineering Techniques for Soil Erosion Prevention.

Biofilms and Their Application in Water Conservation.

14.- Nanobiotechnology in Water Purification and Treatment.

15.- Edaphology and Biotechnology: Study and Improvement of Soil at the Molecular Level.

16.- Biological Desalination: Biotechnological Alternatives for Freshwater Extraction.

17.- Biotechnology and Precision Agriculture: Efficient Use of Soil and Water.

18.- Ethical and Social Challenges of Environmental Biotechnology.

19.- Towards a Sustainable Future: Integrating Biotechnology into

20.- Conservation Policies and Practices.

21.- Utilizing Omics Tools for Studying Soil Microorganisms in Diverse Environments

Author: Dr. Israel Valencia Quiroz

22.- Omics Technologies: Unraveling Microbial Complexities in Extreme Soil Environments

Author: Dr. Israel Valencia Quiroz

If any of these topics resonate with your interests and expertise, I invite you to join us as authors or co-authors. Additionally, I encourage you to consider including collaborators from other institutions, both nationally and internationally, to enrich our work with diverse perspectives and knowledge.

I have prepared a document on Google Drive where you can indicate your interest in a specific chapter, along with your name, affiliation, and H-index of your publications. This document will also serve to organize collaboration and coordinate writing efforts.

Here is the link to the document: https://docs.google.com/document/d/15ws1RnU4LZzzGAgcCmZxljY24wRqt9SGy59h_khBE-Q/edit?usp=sharing

I appreciate your interest and enthusiasm in contributing to this project. If you have any questions or require more information, please do not hesitate to contact me.

I look forward to your responses and the opportunity to work together on this initiative.

Warm regards,

Dr. Israel Valencia Quiroz

Laboratory of Phytochemistry, UBIPRO, FES Iztacala, UNAM.

I am honored to participate with you in research. Please kindly explain the ideas and plan.

with all my respect.

Contact me

Prolonged inflammatory conditions such as aging or alcoholic liver disease not only impact the liver but also affect the bone marrow. The use of autologous MSCs for regeneration in such diseases may not be efficacious, as suggested by findings in (PMID: 35295591)

There are multiple ways:

1. Using plant materials

2. Using microbes

3. Using greener solvents etc.

Plz check my profile and find papers for understanding

Those are very broad topics. Is this for an entire course or just your lab? Who will be supervising them (you or other colleagues with different areas of expertise)? What are the research themes being carried out in the labs which will be hosting these students?

The most useful negative control has both primers but water instead of dna template. This should always fail to amplify but when it starts to produce a pcr product of the same size as your expected pcr product then it has detected contamination in a reagent or the environment and that will be a problem because all of your samples will probably have contamination as well

What's about the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by ferrite? As the concentration of H2O2 drops, the delignification process is slowing down. Check the paper "Catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide on fine particle ferrites and cobaltites".

One of the simplest lignin derived products that can be made in a lab is vanillin, which is the main flavor component of vanilla. Vanillin can be obtained from lignin by various biotechnological routes, such as enzymatic oxidation, microbial fermentation, or bioelectrochemical systems. For example, one possible method is to use a fungal enzyme called laccase to oxidize lignin and produce vanillin and other aromatic compounds1. Another possible method is to use a bacterium called Pseudomonas putida to convert lignin-derived compounds into vanillin and other value-added products. A third possible method is to use a microbial fuel cell to degrade lignin and generate vanillin and electricity simultaneously. These methods are more environmentally friendly and cost-effective than the conventional chemical methods of vanillin production from lignin.

@all Fisheries Biotechnology professionals have a range of career options both in India and abroad. Here are some potential career paths:

Abroad:

In India:

The field of fisheries biotechnology is dynamic, and professionals can find opportunities in research, management, policy, and entrepreneurship. Staying updated on the latest advancements in biotechnology and fisheries sciences will be beneficial for career growth in this field.

Yes i can help you.....

The sequence contains non-DNA characters, which will need be omitted.

Biodesalination is a promising sustainable practice, using lower energy consumption and resulting in less environmental impact. However, it is still in the research phase and has yet to be implemented on a large scale. Some challenges must be addressed before it can be considered a viable solution to global water scarcity. For example, biodesalination is slower than traditional desalination methods, and biodesalination costs are currently higher than other methods.

While biodesalination has the potential to be a viable solution to global water scarcity in the future, more research and development are needed to make it more efficient and cost-effective. Other methods, such as renewable-powered desalination, are also being explored as potential solutions.

See:

Can desalination be a sustainable solution to the water crisis? | World Economic Forum (weforum.org)

Gabriella Samuel that was the initial last date of submission which got extended now. If interested in contribution then message me.

Dear Farah, I am struggling with the same issue.. Could you please tell what worked for the isolation of your Fosmid DNA?

Hello Florentine Doudaine

Yes, medicine and biotechnology have had its impact on natural selection, but it continues in the form of microevolution which is nothing but minor changes in gene frequencies. We would not be expecting a major adaptive shift because of environmental stability. For instance, disease epidemics have the potential to bypass all forms of buffering capability that protects man from environmental stress and are likely to continue to exert selective pressure on modern man in the future. Diseases are environmental stressors that can easily break through all forms of technological defenses of the human genome.

No matter how far we may reach in our search for advanced technology (either in medicine or biotechnology, etc.,), we will still face natural selective pressures in the future though the relative importance of natural selection in shaping our own species might be weak at present.

Best.

Hi Dr., I like your question, and I would love to answer and support you on your research, but I would appreciate it if you could click RECOMMEND for my 6 research papers under my AUTHORSHIP below is my short answer to your question. Click the RECOMMEND word under each of my research papers and follow me. In return for your kind support, I provide you with the answer to your question :

There are several effective methodologies researchers use to study resistance in mite species. From a biotechnological perspective, genome sequencing and transcriptomics can provide valuable insights.

Comparing genomic and expression profiles of susceptible vs resistant mite populations exposed to different pesticides/acaricides pinpoints genetic factors involved in tolerance. Sequencing also helps design diagnostic assays for detecting resistant alleles in field samples.

Researchers also employ biochemical and molecular biology techniques. One approach involves exposing mite enzymes in vitro to varying pesticide concentrations. Comparing inhibitory concentrations (IC50 values) between susceptible and resistant mite samples identifies potential target-site mutations reducing binding affinity.

Another method analyzes the activity of detoxification enzymes like cytochrome P450s, esterases and glutathione-S-transferases. Higher activity in resistant mites indicates their role in metabolizing or sequestering xenobiotics. Linking specific genes to elevated enzyme levels further elucidates resistance mechanisms.

Transgenic methods complement these studies. Expressing candidate resistance genes from mites in model organisms like yeast validates whether they alone can recapitulate the resistant phenotype. RNA interference experiments knocking down gene expression in resistant mite colonies also supports identified targets.

Integrating different "omics" datasets with protein/enzyme work and transgenic functional validation provides a robust understanding of resistance strategies employed by mites against various control interventions.

Since there is no thesis writing universally in undergraduate level probably it must have meant long essay type project writing !

Why are so many methods and no answers the same? Other papers also mention the different results. What is actually the correct answer?

Focus on your own PhD and writing it as articles in HI journals. Do not let anyone have access to your data :)

In FAS i.e., fatty acid synthesis the chemical reaction is, Malonyl CoA+ Acyl-carrier protein↔ CoA+Malonyl-[acyl carrier protein]. In fact, there are two substrates for the enzyme concerned. Concerned enzyme is a transferase. The enzyme very often called as S-malonyltransferase may be termed as FabD, i.e., Acyl-carrier-protein- S- malonyltransferase.

My Dear you apply for Canada visa and jobs along with resume.i can say that you can get there higher education with scholarship as you are scholar.

Very happy for your valuable open letter.i do not know in your united Arab Emirates citizenship.

Ok proceed.

Environmental biotechnology is biotechnology that is used to understand and apply to the environment. It may also imply that one attempts to control biological processes for profit. Environmental biotechnology is defined as "the development, use, and regulation of biological systems for remediation of contaminated environments (land, air, and water), and for environment-friendly processes (green manufacturing technologies and sustainable development)."

if you want United States, you can contact UCLA privately.

Un haplotipo en genética es una combinación de alelos de diferentes loci de un cromosoma que son transmitidos juntos. Un haplotipo puede ser un locus, varios loci, o un cromosoma entero dependiendo del número de eventos de recombinación que han ocurrido entre un conjunto dado de loci. Si tu haplotipo es un locus lugar que ocupa un gen y sabes el lugar o la banda, porque la amplificaste entonces debe limpiar y secuenciar esa banda, así tendrás tu haplotipo y tu secuencia de nucleotidos. Luego los informaticos tienen programas especiales que dan la posición.

Los microorganismos no halófilos capaces de crecer tanto en ausencia como en presencia de sal son llamados halotolerantes; los halotolerantes que son capaces de crecer aproximadamente al 15% (w/v) de NaCl (2,5 M) son considerados halotolerantes extremos. Los microorganismos que requieren sal para su crecimiento son llamados halófilos. De acuerdo a la definición de Kushner (30), es posible distinguir entre halófilos débiles, como lo son la mayoría de los organismos marinos, considerando que el agua de mar contiene cerca del 3% (w/v) de NaCl; halófilos moderados, cuyo crecimiento óptimo se encuentra en un rango del 3 al 15% (w/v) de sal, y halófilos extremos, que presentan un crecimiento óptimo al 25% (w/v) de NaCl (44).

Por otro lado debes aislar el ADN de ambas cepas y amplificar genes de resistencia a salinidad, a través de PCR convencional o Real Time. Estos genes ya determinados por otros autores cuyas secuencia a veces la publican.

Non-halophilic microorganisms capable of growing both in the absence and in the presence of salt are called halotolerant; halotolerants that are capable of growing in approximately 15% (w/v) NaCl (2.5 M) are considered extreme halotolerants. Microorganisms that require salt for their growth are called halophiles. According to Kushner's definition (30), it is possible to distinguish between weak halophiles, as most marine organisms are, considering that seawater contains about 3% (w/v) of NaCl; moderate halophiles, whose optimum growth is found in a range of 3 to 15% (w/v) of salt, and extreme halophiles, which show optimal growth at 25% (w/v) of NaCl (44).

On the other hand, you must isolate the DNA of both strains and amplify genes for resistance to salinity, through conventional or Real Time PCR. These genes already determined by other authors whose sequence is sometimes published.

Plant breeding and biotechnology offer promising strategies for developing crop varieties with desirable traits such as pest and disease resistance, drought tolerance, and higher yield. Here are some examples of how plant breeding and biotechnology can be used for crop improvement:

Plant breeding and selection may help to produce new verities of crops more adopted to climate change, these links may help you understand the topic:

More videos on breeding:

Breeding - repeatability of traits https://youtu.be/soxbOHf-mM0

How to calculate narrow sense heribtability: https://youtu.be/OkP7_xDuiig

What is selective coefficient and relative fitness: https://youtu.be/XeEx5Feeiq0

How to calculate hybrid vigor: https://youtu.be/yQVwSy1pFjQ

The identification and isolation of microorganisms that can degrade plastic or oil from a sample involves several steps. Here is a general approach to achieve this:

1. Sample preparation: Take a sample from the environment where you suspect the presence of degrading microorganisms. You can use sampling tools such as a sterile spatula, a sterile pipette, or a sterile cotton swab to do this. It is important to work under sterile conditions to avoid cross-contamination. 2. Enrichment: Once the sample is prepared, you can culture it in a suitable medium containing nutrients for the microorganisms. The choice of medium depends on the type of microorganism to be isolated. For example, you can use oil or hydrocarbon-enriched medium to isolate hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria.

3. Incubation: Cultures must be incubated at the optimum temperature so that the growth of the microorganisms is isolated. Incubation times can vary depending on the type of microorganism and the medium used.

4. Identification: Once you have obtained a pure culture of microorganisms, you can proceed to identify them. Identification methods may include microscopic observation, Gram stain, PCR, DNA sequencing, mass spectrometry, etc. 5. Degradability test: You can perform degradability tests to determine if the identified microorganisms are able to degrade plastics or oils. These tests may include tests on microbial growth in the presence of plastics or oils, tests for the production of degradation enzymes or chemical analyzes to detect the degradation of the substance.

It is important to note that the identification and isolation of degrading microorganisms can be a complex process and success depends on many factors, including sample quality and choice of medium.

The use of genetic engineering and biotechnology in agriculture has the potential to significantly impact crop production and food security. Some of the potential benefits of genetic engineering and biotechnology include:

However, the use of genetic engineering and biotechnology in agriculture is not without its controversies and potential risks. Some concerns include:

Overall, the use of genetic engineering and biotechnology in agriculture has the potential to significantly impact crop production and food security. However, it is important to carefully evaluate and manage the potential risks and benefits associated with these technologies to ensure that they are used in a responsible and sustainable manner.

Hi Sabina. According to the 1983 paper that described the preparation of NE from Hela cell, transcription looks good in 0.42 M NaCl. So the high salt buffer condition, 420 mM is adopted in most cases. Here is the paper Good luck!

Yes, dear Sofiane Benyamina , there do also exist fashions in science !

I'm not sure if you are only interested in physical factors related to light.

However, another important physical factor in the cultivation of CHO cells in a shake flask / stirred tank reactors is the generated shear force. If you want to investigate this further - test different rpm and flasks with/without chicanes.

As far as light itself is concerned - keep in mind that light can also influence the culture medium and this could then indirectly influence the cells.

Not necessarily. The level of gene expression does not always directly correlate with the amount of protein produced. There are many factors that can affect protein expression, including post-transcriptional modifications, translation efficiency, protein stability, and degradation.

Dear Shafagat Mahmudova

I completely agree with you. Natural products have played a vital role in traditional medicine and continue to do so in modern medicine. The rich chemical diversity of natural products has allowed for the development of many drugs that have proven to be effective in treating various diseases. Moreover, natural products are used extensively in different fields, including nutrition, cosmetics, and material science. They offer a promising avenue for the development of new therapies and are a crucial resource for the advancement of science and technology.

Thank you for sharing the post I made. Sure! You are welcome to join the project if you are interested. We would be happy to have you on board.

Best regards.

What origin of replication are you using? Rolling circle replication plasmids (especially with only a single stranded ori) like pWV01 tend to be much more unstable to secondary structure and short repeats than theta replicating origins such as pAMB1.

You can use Stoll's method even though it can't be best or you can count directly on a glass slide

You could try finding out which companies sell SC products in your area ( Insight Biotechnology in London for example) and contact their technical support ( not sales support they will just look at the online catalogue) in case tech support have trial vials or have stock for testing and quality control. Tech support cannot sell items but in the past I have had tech support giving me a sample that was no further use to them

They may also be able to help tracing supplies. Particularly with antibodies there is sometimes only one manufacturer of particular antibodies and they simply sell it rebadged to a variety of other companies often with some similarity to the original antibody name. Try Santa Cruz tech support and see if they will tell you which company supplied them with the original antibody as the original company may have the identical product but under a different catalogue number

I would run the gel at a lower voltage.The smiling bands could be caused by too much salt in the sample or by being run at too high a voltage. I agree with Michael J. Benedik that some of the samples are overloaded.

PTa (Phosphate Acetyltransferase) promoter is involved in the regulation of the acetyl-CoA metabolic pathway in bacteria. In the presence of high levels of Acetyl-CoA, the Pta promoter is activated, leading to increased transcription of genes involved in the utilization of acetyl-CoA. This helps the bacteria to efficiently utilize acetyl-CoA as a carbon source and maintain metabolic balance.

Kseniya Kondrasheva Nikhita Madhav Chambhare Thank you very much, The Goal is Pyocyanin production, we tried 1:100 and yes by micropipette because the loop carry small volume

Bioleaching is considered to be an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional pyrometallurgical methods, as it does not generate as much waste and reduces the energy requirements for metal extraction.

Therefore, it is worth pursuing further studies in bioleaching as it has the potential to revolutionize the iron ore extraction industry. I would like to invite you to read my recent article on this subject, which provides some latest insights into the latest developments in this field.

Add Chloroform to a total of 50% total volume and vortex vigorously for a min or half. Let the sample settle for 10 minutes

thank you

The answer is definitely no. Whoever is claiming this is eitherlying or has misunderstood what is meant by granting a patent.

It would be helpful to have some more context to this question. You should ask yourself what you want to find out about your protein of interest.

- If you are interested in which amino acids participate in enzymatic function (binding/reaction/etc.) or are structurally important, an alanine scan will help you explore this space. Ala is chosen due to its "neutral" properties: neither very big nor small, no charge, etc. Therefore, replacing a functionally or structurally important amino acid can lead to a loss of function and might be helpful to identify important residues for subsequent steps. This is more of a investigational technique. As you used the term protein engineering, I propose you to also consider random mutagenesis approaches that might provide you more guidance in how to proceed.

- If you already know which residues participate in the enzymatic property you want to improve, a saturation mutagenesis will help you explore possible improvements. Keep in mind that you only change a single position and therefore only investigate a very small, local region of the sequence space.

The term "computationally" is confusing to me here, as these techniques are experimental. You could try to predict structure and binding behaviour computationally, but you probably want to gather prior information before going this route. The computational design of the plasmid library is in both cases straight forward.

It would depend on the jurisdiction because patents are national rights as are utility models. Many countries don't have utility models and there are some which have what are called "petty patents" which are like utility models. I am only qualified to advise on UK law (and it would be a criminal offense under the UK Patent Act to mark a product so as to claim to have a UK patent if you didn't have a UK patent), but the rule of thumb for every jurisdiction must be to act honestly and reasonably. So if you have a German Utility Model then say you have a German Utility Model, if you have an Indian Patent Application, then claim you have an Indian Patent Application, etc etc

Hi Arvind,

Since Im German I just took a quick look if there is an English manual.

But the first lines already the important ones for you I think:

There thr Original:

Ein Hinweis vorab: Das Patentwesen stellt ein sehr umfangreiches und komplexes Rechtsgebiet dar. Daher kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn Sie für die Patentanmeldung einen Patent- oder Rechtsanwalt beauftragen. Falls Sie Ihren Wohnsitz nicht in Deutschland haben, müssen Sie aus rechtlichen Gründen auf jeden Fall einen Anwalt hinzu ziehen.

and its google translation (which seemed to me to be right):

A note in advance: Patents are a very extensive and complex area of ​​law. It can therefore be advantageous if you hire a patent attorney or attorney to file the patent application. If you are not resident in Germany, you must consult a lawyer for legal reasons.

Best wishes

Soenke

Dear Saman

There are literally hundreds of biomedical conferences held each year. You will be delighted to see this list

biomedical engineering Conferences in 2022

biomedical engineering Conferences in 2022 is an indexed listing of upcoming meetings, seminars, congresses, workshops, programs, continuing CME courses, trainings, summits, and weekly, annual or monthly symposiums.

biomedical engineering Conferences in 2022 lists relevant events for national/international researchers, scientists, scholars, professionals, engineers, exhibitors, sponsors, academic, scientific and university practitioners to attend and present their research activities.

I sent you an email.

Keep in touch.

for creating graphic images I recommend you biorender.com you have on this website all the templates also they are for free, you can register and start creating your first graphic abstract and images. in many articles and reviews, all the graphics are made via this website.

I am also at a similar position as you are in. I have completed my MSc. in Genomic Medicine from the University of Birmingham. I am planning to learn Bioinformatics, maybe I will do that from 6months courses and then try to gain some experience in this field.

I think gaining some practical experience is quite necessary at the moment for you as well. After that you can always opt for PhD.

Hi, also you can use some useful websites to generate your own images. www.biorender.com

Whether spectrophotometry is a suitable method depends on whether the substance you are looking for has an "optical signature". That is, whether it has characteristic absorption peaks. Some substances can be detected indirectly by color reactions. Whether such methods can be used on live/whole fish, I do not know.

Good day, Debashish Mukharjee

Most of the ointment you want is a cream in cosmetics, usually composed of water and oil phases. The water phase is generally composed of water, colloids(or gel) and preservatives. The oil phase is typically an emulsifier that stabilizes the oil and then adds it depending on which phase your active ingredient belongs to. I have some stable cream body formulas on hand that I can provide you if you need them.

Following companies have offices in Tehran

Sanofil - Roche - Novo NorDisk - Novartis - Bayer - Johnson & Johnson - Merck KGaA - Zoetis - TCI - BioHorizons Implant Systems. In US many are located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Boston, Mine and San Fransisco, California. - But Iran had made working with US companies nearly impossible. For ease of working outside Iran I'd look to China. In general use caution sharing new ideas with companies you have not worked with in past..