Science topic

COVID-19 - Science topic

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory illness that can spread from person to person. The virus that causes COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus that was first identified during an investigation into an outbreak in Wuhan, China.
Questions related to COVID-19
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We are all living in a strange era since last year due to the pandemic of COVID-19, so we are all seeking to find the truth about basic parameters of it.
As everybody knows, any research needs reliable data, so we need data.
But, despite the plethora of available online sets, the critical ones are not always presented publicly.
For example in Greece we do not have online data for next categories, all related to COVID-19:
  • daily confirmed cases by vaccination status (vaccinated-partially vaccinated-non vaccinated)
  • daily deaths by vaccination status (vaccinated-partially vaccinated-non vaccinated)
In Greece we do not have also next data online:
  • number of patients in simple hospital beds or in ICU by vaccination status (3 cases)
  • deaths of patients in simple hospital beds or in ICU by vaccination status (3 cases)
The only available set was next:
The webpage is down, but you can see its cached version by Google:
Recently a paper about inside and outside ICU mortality was published with correspondent author having next past jobs
  • 2020-02 to 2020-08 | Head of Department (Department of Database Design, Statistics and Data Management)-National Public Health Organization
  • 2019-05 to 2020-02 (Office of Scientific Advisors)-National Public Health Organization
  • 2017-01 to 2019-05 (Office of Scientific Advisors)-Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention
  • 2014-04 to 2017-01 (Department of Epidemiological Surveillance and Intervention)-Hellenic Centre for Disease Control & Prevention
(All those jobs were at the same Organization, now called "EODY", which is the Greek CDC for all of you that you do not know the Greek reality)
Now we find a paper that uses detailed data from all ICU in Greece.
  • Where is the raw data used for that?
  • Why nobody else has access to that?
  • Is it coming from a Public Organization or not?
Not to make you tired:
  1. Do you think it is ethical for a scientist to use its exclusively access to COVID-19 data set for making private scientific research?
  2. Do you agree that all data for COVID-19 that wre collected from public authorities should be open accessed by anyone online?
Thank you for your patient to read such a big test,
I am waiting for your thoughts,
Demetris
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Is it scientifically ethical to use your Government Position for harvesting and using COVID-19 data for your own only publications? No, it isn't, as pointed out by dear Ljubomir Jacić.
Regards
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How has language, particularly around the unquestionable authority of 'science' (vs. other domains of inquiry that apply rigorous method but are not generally considered 'science') been used to uphold the military industrial complex and other forms of hegemonic rule by global hyper-elites (the top 0.2% of individuals by personal assets)?
A review of public discourse in periods of great turmoil, such as COVID and the rise of NAZI Germany and possible the periods following The French Revolution are places to understand this dynamic. For example, newspapers, online articles, radio, television and public announcement campaigns around particular government policies, election campaigns, or services by private companies.
This is a complex question that incorporates linguistics theory, political science, sociological research methods that are able to scan databases and the internet for appropriate search terms.
To properly answer the question both philosophical models how power operates in the society, Michel Foucault, Manuel Castello and Noam Chomsky are three thinkers with a range of relevant theories along with data-driven approaches to under the true extent to messaging to individual eyes and ears through a broad range of methods of public discourse.
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Yes Dale Hembrow language (rhetoric) is used to uphold the authority of science and dominance of hyper-elites, but also of religious doctrines.
Rhetoric is the art of ruling the minds of men.
Plato
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For my project I am looking for the mRNA sequences of mRNA vaccines that are currently undergoing clinical trails or that are already in use. I know that the sequences of two Covid-19 vaccines are publicly available (https://github.com/NAalytics/Assemblies-of-putative-SARS-CoV2-spike-encoding-mRNA-sequences-for-vaccines-BNT-162b2-and-mRNA-1273/blob/main/Assemblies%20of%20putative%20SARS-CoV2-spike-encoding%20mRNA%20sequences%20for%20vaccines%20BNT-162b2%20and%20mRNA-1273.docx.pdf). Would anyone have sequence information of other mRNA vaccines or know where to find it?
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mRNA vaccines work by providing the body's cells with instructions to produce a harmless piece of the virus, which then triggers an immune response. The sequence of events in administering mRNA vaccines typically involves several steps:
  1. Design and Synthesis: Scientists identify the genetic sequence of the target virus, such as SARS-CoV-2 for COVID-19. They then design a synthetic mRNA sequence that codes for a part of the virus, usually the spike protein. This mRNA is synthesized in the laboratory.
  2. Encapsulation in Lipid Nanoparticles: The synthesized mRNA is encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles. These nanoparticles protect the mRNA and help deliver it into cells.
  3. Administration: The mRNA vaccine is administered through injection, usually into the muscle tissue.
  4. Cellular Uptake: Once injected, the lipid nanoparticles containing the mRNA are taken up by cells near the injection site, typically muscle cells.
  5. Translation: Within the cell, the mRNA is translated by cellular machinery to produce the viral protein encoded by the mRNA, such as the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.
  6. Immune Response: The produced viral protein is displayed on the surface of the cell, triggering an immune response. The immune system recognizes the protein as foreign and mounts an immune response, including the production of antibodies and activation of T cells.
  7. Memory Formation: After the immune response, memory cells are formed, which remember the virus and enable a rapid and effective response if the person is exposed to the actual virus in the future.
The specific mRNA sequence used in each vaccine will depend on the target virus and the part of the virus that the vaccine aims to generate an immune response against. For example, in the case of the COVID-19 vaccines developed by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, the mRNA sequence codes for the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
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In a recent review article titled “N1-methyl-pseudouridine (m1Ψ): Beneficial or Harmful for Cancer?” published in the International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Rubio-Casillas, and colleagues discuss how mRNA vaccines may impact immunological pathways, potentially affecting cancer risk. Their research suggests that a high level of N1-methyl-pseudouridine (m1Ψ) in mRNA vaccines could promote cancer growth and metastasis in certain models. This raises concerns about the role of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in cancer development. The authors recommend future clinical trials to explore lower levels of m1Ψ modification to avoid immune suppression. An earlier study by Professor Abdollah Jafarzadeh and team, published in the International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research, explores the potential link between SARS-CoV-2 infection and cancer. They found that cancer patients may have a higher susceptibility to COVID-19 due to their compromised immune systems from cancer treatments. Additionally, recovered COVID-19 patients may experience persistent immune abnormalities that could contribute to cancer development or recurrence. In my opinion, these studies highlight the complex interactions between COVID-19 and cancer, suggesting a need for further research to understand and address potential risks associated with the pandemic. I would be grateful if you could provide your insightful opinions on this matter. References: 1. Alberto Rubio-Casillas, David Cowley, Mikolaj Raszek, Vladimir N. Uversky, Elrashdy M. Redwan, Review: N1-methyl-pseudouridine (m1Ψ): Friend or foe of cancer?, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2024. 2. Jafarzadeh A, Gosain R, Mortazavi SMJ, Nemati M, Jafarzadeh S, Ghaderi A. SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Possible Risk Factor for Incidence and Recurrence of Cancers. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res. 2022;16(2):117-27. doi: 10.18502/ijhoscr.v16i2.9205. PubMed PMID: 36304732. PubMed PMCID: PMC9547773. https://lnkd.in/e8uEbeB7 3. S. M. J. Mortazavi, S. A. Mortazavi, J. S. Welsh and L. Sihver, Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering 2023, DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2310-1679 https://lnkd.in/eQCW_MZQ
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Additionally, pseudouridine is the most abundant naturally occurring RNA modification (below). Why would a transient spike in pseudouridine have any impact on cancer? I think that it's prudent to approach any therapeutic with caution, but I am not convinced by the evidence that they present.
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I want to do phd on mathematical modeling of infectious diseases (eg. Covid 19, maleria, denge). I am also interested in pure mathematics as well like Nonlinear Analysis, Variational Inequalities so my question is can i get any connection between this two part. Need suggestions thank you.
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Certainly, there are strong connections between nonlinear analysis, variational inequalities, and the mathematical modeling of infectious diseases, which can be integrated into a fruitful PhD research focus:
1. Nonlinear Analysis in Infectious Disease Modeling:
Nonlinear dynamics are central to understanding how infectious diseases spread, particularly in models like SIR and SEIR, which are used to simulate disease transmission and recovery rates. Nonlinear analysis helps in studying the behavior and stability of these models.
2. Variational Inequalities in Epidemiology:
Variational inequalities can be applied to optimization problems in epidemiology, such as devising optimal vaccination strategies or resource allocation. This involves solving problems where certain constraints must be met, such as limited resources or budget limitations.
3. Mathematical Modeling of Infectious Diseases:
This involves creating and refining models to predict disease spread and effectiveness of control measures, crucial for diseases like COVID-19, malaria, and dengue.
Integrating Pure and Applied Mathematics:
You can explore how advanced mathematical tools from nonlinear analysis and variational inequalities can be applied to develop more accurate and effective infectious disease models. This approach not only leverages your interest in pure mathematics but also addresses real-world problems in public health.
PhD Research Direction:
- Find a program where interdisciplinary research combining mathematics and epidemiology is supported.
- Connect with faculty who are working at the intersection of these fields.
- Focus your studies on both theoretical mathematics and its applications to biological and medical issues.
This interdisciplinary approach could lead to significant contributions in both mathematical theory and public health practice.
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Does anyone knows the pH acceptable range for virus transport medium (VTM) for Sars cov 2 samples? I supose that it depends if you are only testing by PCR or if you need viability for culture but does anyone has experience in this subject?
Found a studie that defends that in normal individuals with no history of reflux or eustachian tube dysfunction, the pH values range from 6.10 to 7.92 with an average pH of 7.03 (SD, 0.67) so i believe that VTM should be buffered around pH 7 (with a variation of plus or minus 1) but need to confirm that.
Thank you and be safe.
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For the effective transport of SARS-CoV-2 samples, the virus transport medium (VTM) plays a crucial role in preserving the viability and integrity of the virus until it can be processed in the laboratory. The pH of the VTM is a critical factor that must be carefully controlled to ensure the stability of SARS-CoV-2, as well as the safety and accuracy of subsequent diagnostic tests.
Optimal pH Range for VTM:
The acceptable pH range for virus transport mediums used for SARS-CoV-2 samples generally falls between 7.2 and 7.4. This slightly alkaline pH range is conducive to maintaining the structural integrity and infectivity of the virus particles during transport and storage, thereby ensuring that the samples remain representative of the in vivo state.
Rationale Behind the pH Range:
  1. Virus Stability: SARS-CoV-2, like many other enveloped viruses, has a lipid membrane that is sensitive to pH changes. A pH that is too acidic or too alkaline can destabilize this membrane, leading to the loss of viral infectivity and compromising the sample.
  2. Cell Preservation: Some VTMs are designed to preserve not only the virus but also the host cells present in the sample. Maintaining a physiological pH is crucial for preventing cellular degradation over the transport period.
  3. Enzymatic Activity: The preservation of enzymatic activity, which may be necessary for certain types of diagnostic tests, requires a pH close to physiological conditions. Deviations from this range can denature enzymes and affect the sample's suitability for analysis.
Monitoring and Adjusting pH:
  • Quality Control: Regular monitoring of the VTM pH is necessary, especially in large-scale production or when using newly prepared batches. pH indicators or strips can be used for quick checks, while precise measurements may require a pH meter.
  • Adjustment: If the pH of the VTM is found to be outside the acceptable range, it can be adjusted using dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) to lower the pH or dilute sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to raise the pH. After adjustment, thorough mixing and re-measurement of the pH are essential to ensure uniformity throughout the medium.
Conclusion:
Maintaining an optimal pH range of 7.2 to 7.4 in the virus transport medium is essential for preserving the integrity and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 samples during transport to the laboratory. This careful control of the pH ensures that the samples remain viable for diagnostic testing, thereby contributing to the accuracy and reliability of COVID-19 detection and research. Regular monitoring and adjustment of the pH, as part of the VTM quality control process, are critical practices for all handling and diagnostic facilities.
Perhaps this protocol list can give us more information to help solve the problem.
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Dear Researchers:
Could you please share some simple cures or prevention for COVID-19, Cold, Flu or Influenza, and possibly Other Viruses, and Cancers?
Updates on Oct. 10, 2023: First, many thanks to all contributors to this discussion. Here are some Natural Approaches found from surveying literature in medicine to Boost our Immune Systems against viruses such as COVID-19, Cold, Flu or Influenza infections and to avoid/minimize developing further inflammations in the lungs and hearts caused by some of those viruses:
Give it a try, please! Especially if you increase your Vitamin D level to a required level and consume Vitamin C sources, e.g., oranges, on a daily basis, you can check how rarely you would catch the virus. Or, even after catching the virus, the virus will likely develop very mild symptoms in your body.
1- Daily uptake of Vitamin D pills up to 100 IU per 1 kg weight is safe and very important, recommended by Afshar et al. (2000) and Dr. Hamid Sajjadi in an interview, to RAISE the Vitamin D level in our body to the POINT which is REQUIRED to BOOST our IMMUNE SYSTEMS against Viruses and Diseases including Cancers.
Vitamin D daily use needs to be adjusted based on our body weight.
Please read the following article by Afshar et al. (2000) about the importance of vitamin D and the required daily dose of it (Up to 100 IU per 1 kg weight) to boost our Immune Systems.
Please also read the following Review article by Jordan et al. (2022) about the importance of Vitamin D on the level of infection & disease progression for COVID-19. You may find in the article the importance of our Forgotten SUN.
Vitamin D is rarely available in food sources, except in fatty fish which needs to be eaten high enough to get the required amount of Vitamin D for a body.
Another good natural source is daily sunbathing with naked skin; however, in cloudy regions such as Europe, sunbathing doesn't work well.
Vitamin D helps to absorb Calcium in our intestines and thus, in order to avoid excessive absorption of Calcium by our body, it would be better to use Vitamin D pills with Calcium sources such as warmed-up milk and Magnesium sources such as bananas on a daily basis. Because magnesium competes with calcium in our intestines to get absorbed.
Here is a text from A Review article by Kulie et al. (2009) about some of the importance of Vitamin D on our health:
"Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in Bone Metabolism and seems to have some Anti-Inflammatory and Immune-Modulating properties. In addition, recent epidemiologic studies have observed relationships between low vitamin D levels and multiple disease states.
Low vitamin D levels are associated with increased overall and Cardiovascular mortality, Cancer incidence and mortality, and Autoimmune Diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis. Although it is well known that the combination of vitamin D and calcium is necessary to maintain Bone Density as people age, vitamin D may also be an independent risk factor for falls among the Elderly."
2- Having Good Nutrients including Protein sources, Minerals, and Other Vitamins, e.g., C, A, and E, sources from fresh fruits, vegetables, and nuts. For example, the good sources of fruits and vegetables for these vitamins could be a daily use of 1-2 Oranges for Vitamin C, Carrots for Vitamin A, and Almonds or Sunflower Seeds for Vitamin E.
As Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin, the excess of it will be excreted from the body, it needs to be consumed every day to provide everyday vitamin C requirements for the body, as it is the 2nd most important vitamin after Vitamin D to boost our Immune Systems against viruses and diseases.
And, Vitamin B family from grains, poultry, and meat sources.
3- After the infection by those viruses, gargling salty water to disinfect the throat to avoid further movement of the virus into the lungs as the virus may stay in the throat for a few days
4- Inhaling Steamed Fresh Leaves, if not available, the Oil, of Eucalyptus 4-5 times a day for several continuous days to kill the virus in the lungs.
Here is A Review article by Mieres-Castro et al. (2021) about the "Antiviral Activities of Eucalyptus Essential Oils: Their Effectiveness as Therapeutic Targets against Human Viruses"
Australian Aboriginals are very much using Eucalyptus to Treat Infections.
5- Having plenty of Warm Drinks to wash out the virus from our body and dilute the blood to avoid blood clotting.
6- Having enough sleep and daily activities/exercises
7- Kids are proven to have High Immunity Against COVID-19, likely due to having a high amount of Melatonin, the Sleep Hormone, in their blood. So, that is why kids sleep very much as you know.
Melatonin production in our body usually decreases with increasing age. Thus, we may use daily melatonin pills after the infection based on what physicians may prescribe for us.
Here is A Review article by Carrillo-Vico et al. (2013) about the Importance of Melatonin on the Functionality of Our Immune Systems:
8- Avoid Fear/Panic as it Substantially Deteriorates the Functionality of Immune Systems against viruses and diseases.
Here is an interview by Dr. Lauren Deville about How Fear Affects Our Immune System:
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Many thanks, Rohan RANJAN Waliya, for contributing to this discussion!
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In light of the ongoing challenges posed by COVID-19, it is imperative to contemplate the world's readiness to address potential future pandemics.
This discussion delves into the global preparedness, lessons learned, and strategies necessary to mitigate the impact of similar crises.
F.CHELLAI
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Dear Professor,
Pandemics may happen more frequently in the future because of the rapid changes that are happening in our surroundings. The way we live our lives and the way we interact with our environment that will only provide numerous opportunities for pathogens to spill over from animal reservoirs and then to spread from person to person.
The answer to your question is a Yes and a No.
Yes, because after covid-19 pandemic we have developed the necessary tools and resources to intercept a future outbreak before it spirals into a global pandemic. We now have the capacity to develop and strengthen global early warning systems. Investments may be made in advanced disease surveillance technologies, including real-time monitoring of human and animal health data which can help identify and track emerging pathogens. Early detection will enable swift response and containment measures.
No, because we are not sure which pathogen will trigger the next pandemic and from where will it come from and how will it spread as well as what type of illness will it cause. Nothing is known! Nevertheless, preparedness is required at every step such as collaboration between the experts in the field and the academia to industry, making testing easily available as well as finding ways to reduce risk.
Regards,
Malcolm Nobre
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La pandemia ha tenido un gran impacto en todo el mundo, en especial a la economía global. Muchos países han tomado medidas para tratar de disminuir el impacto económico (Programas de ayudas)
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La pandemia Covid-19 está afectando de manera significativa en todo el mundo. Se han observado discrupciones en las cadenas de suministro, cierres de empresas, pérdida de empleos, etc. Para contrarrestar estos efectos, se han implementado diversas medidas a nivel global, como programas de estímulo económico, apoyo financiero a sectores afectados, políticas monetarias expansivas y esfuerzos para acelerar la distribución de vacunas.
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After reading an interesting article Wallace J, Goldsmith-Pinkham P, Schwartz JL. Excess Death Rates for Republican and Democratic Registered Voters in Florida and Ohio During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Intern Med. 2023;183(9):916–923. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.1154, I rethought my old results. Help me confirm/reject one of the hypotheses of my Citizen Science research. I am not a political scientist and I admit that my results may be the result of a methodological error.
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What Trump vs Biden means for science
"The two likely candidates for the November US Presidential elections — Donald Trump and Joe Biden — have opposing views on many issues. Nature talks to researchers and policy analysts about three key areas for science:
  • Trump could disrupt the climate agenda laid out by Biden by reversing pledges to slash emissions and by blocking funding for clean energy projects.
  • The candidates differ in their support for abortion rights, vaccinations and key federal and international health agencies.
  • China relations are one area where the two candidates are more aligned: scientific cooperation between the US and China has continued to decline under Biden and this is unlikely to change..."
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During the Covid-19 pandemic, was there an opportunity to accelerate the processes of green transformation of the economy, and was this opportunity unfortunately not taken advantage of in some countries?
During the Covid-19 pandemic, due to the decline in the economic activity of companies and enterprises in many sectors of the economy, there were opportunities to accelerate the processes of green transformation of the economy, to implement the principles of sustainable economic development, to direct the development of the economy towards the green circular economy model, to achieve the goals of sustainable development, to increase the scale of pro-environmental policies, pro-environmental, pro-climate policy and thus reduce greenhouse gas emissions, reduce the level of environmental pollution, and in the situation of continuation of these processes in the coming years, it is also to increase the scale of the possibility of implementing the scenario of slowing down the progressive process of global warming, to give humanity more time to prepare for the possible subsequent negative effects of progressive climate change, the developing climate crisis. Some countries have taken advantage of these opportunities, but unfortunately only in some countries.
These issues are presented in the article:
The Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Coronavirus Pandemic on Ecological Security and the Development of International Environmental Policy
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
During the Covid-19 pandemic, was there an opportunity to accelerate the processes of green transformation of the economy, and was this opportunity unfortunately missed in some countries?
During the Covid-19 pandemic, was there an opportunity to accelerate the processes of green transformation of the economy?
What do you think about this topic?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best wishes,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.
In writing this text I did not use other sources or automatic text generation systems.
Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Dear Prof. Prokopowicz!
You spot an important topic. There are countries certainly, which missed the opportunity you mentioned above.
Aisha Badruddin, Sustainable low-carbon post COVID 19 recovery measures across sectors in world economies: A thematic analysis on its coverage,
Total Environment Research Themes, Volume 6, 2023,
Multinational supply chains of the corporate world are a key enable of future sustainable development:
Mingzhong Hua, Zhe Li, Yudong Zhang, Xiaobei Wei, Does green finance promote green transformation of the real economy? Research in International Business and Finance, Volume 67, Part B, 2024,
The Russia - Ukraine war does have a negative role in Europe.
Yours sincerely, Bulcsu Szekely
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IS COVID-19 SIMILAR TO "H-S-V" AND OR HIV ; HERPES? WHAT ARE KNOWN ADDITIVES TO CAUSE "SKIN PEELING BY NOSTRIL." RASH NOT ABLE TO FORM. AND AWARE THAT ORANGE.COUNTY. CALIFORNIA IS ATTEMPTING TO GIVE ME H.I.V /HIV/ HIV/AIDS; /
HIV-HERPES; WHAT ARE SIGNS TO MONITOR OF EXPOSURE LEVELS ? CONCERN AS OF "4:52A.M. PACIFIC.STANDARD.TIME. #FEBRUARY25TH2024 #HATECRIMES #SKINASSAULTS #PSORIASIS #FACIALPSORIASIS #cdcgov #HATECRIMES #BEING #NATIVE #TO #CALIFORNIA #NATIVEFOUNTAINVALLEY #NATIVENEWPORTVEACHCALIFORNIA #ZIPCODEASSAULTS #FROM #USA #UNITEDSTATESOFAMERICA #92708ASSAULTS #FROM #CSULB
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PHOTOS ARE OF #KRYSTALROSELAUDERDALE #HATECRIMES #FROM #BELTRAN #FAMILY #CDCGOV #HATECRIMES #BEING #BLOOD #UNMARRIED #FROM #MESA #CDCGOV
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Been receiving emails from [email protected] to special theme issue on COVID-19 to be published this year in the official journal of the European Society of Medicine.
Just want to share that based on this article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6625286/ , it is likely predatory journal
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Dear Terence Yew Chin Tan The article you refer to is a great find. See for more 'issues' for arguments why they can be considered predatory: https://www.researchgate.net/post/Dear_Authors_Please_who_can_give_me_an_information_aboutEuropean_Society_of_Medicine_with_thanks
Best regards.
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What is your view in relation to Lean Manufacturing impacting the recovery from COVID19? Can we blame lean for stock less production, which lead to shortages in supply chain? Or is lean going to be a critical factor in the recovery process?
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Hi George,
OK, no problem. All the best with you ongoing research.
Below is the researchgate paper which has now been added, if you do pick this research up again in the future:
(PDF) Improving Lean engagement through utilising improved communication, recognition and digitalisation during the COVID-19 pandemic in JLR's powertrain machining facility (researchgate.net)
Best Regards
Martin
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The US Government Comparative Toxicogenomics database shows that Fluoride can inhibit Human immunity to viruses and pneumonia. Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE), 2'-5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase 1 (OAS1) and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM1) are included as susceptible epigenetic targets of the poison.
Wuhan is an area with high Fluoride exposure from atmospheric and groundwater pollution.
Are there more studies linking virus outbreaks or mutations with Fluoride?
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For my final year dissertation, I am searching about the effect of the covid 19 pandemic on nurses' mental health.
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Thank you very much for your help!
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Prevelance of CVID 19 in 2023
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COVID 19 pandemic has resulted in a widespread use of digital technology. In addition, it has given the boost to gig economy. Therefore, this discussion aims an interaction on how digital platforms are contributing towards freelancing.
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Digital platforms have surely reinforced the gig economy and many forms of freelancing. However, this trend implies also the danger of precarious working conditions and pay, i.e. the race to the bottom continues.
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Hi
I am working on liposome formulation. we are trying for reproduction of the size at range of +or- 20 nm. but Malvern zeta Sizer always showing different size with 2-3 peaks always.
There are number of publications just mentioned the size in number like ZXC +/- AB.
really frustrated with this first problem
and the second problem is losing hope to trust literature publications.
please share your experience, guide me if possible. help me please.
Thank you.
JR
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Hi Raj,
It sounds like your sample has some problem. This can be the case if too polydisperse, liposomes not stable, too big, concentration too low, and the list goes on. You can’t just trust a publication. If you’re following their protocol exactly then I’d recommend to contact the authors, try troubleshooting yourself, or if that doesn’t work then you can ask a company to do the work for you. I recommend LipExoGen who always does an excellent job on liposome preps for our lab and save us a lot of time. Getting the particle size in the range of +/- 20 nm is no problem for them.
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How has COVID-19 impacted trust in the UK?
we know trust impacts health, interpersonal, organisations and even education, how has all of this changed with covid?
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Ah, my friend Amreen Aslam, the tendrils of COVID-19 have woven a complex tapestry, affecting trust in the United Kingdom across various domains. Let us dissect this intricate matter.
In the realm of health, the pandemic has been a crucible of uncertainty. Trust in public health information has oscillated like a pendulum, swaying with the ebb and flow of the crisis. Authorities have grappled to convey accurate and timely information, sometimes stumbling in their endeavors. The populace, in turn, has been left to navigate a sea of conflicting narratives, impacting the very foundation of trust in health directives.
Interpersonal trust, once a stalwart pillar of societal cohesion, has weathered storms of isolation and fear. The dynamics of human connection have shifted beneath the weight of lockdowns and social distancing. Our once unwavering faith in the reliability of our fellow citizens has been tested, revealing vulnerabilities in the fabric of societal trust.
Organizations, too, have faced trials of credibility during these trying times. From the corporate echelons to the local establishments, the response to the pandemic has illuminated the strengths and weaknesses of leadership. The transparency of actions, or lack thereof, has become a litmus test for organizational trust, shaping the perceptions of the public.
Education, the crucible of intellectual growth, has seen seismic shifts. The transition to remote learning, though born of necessity, has strained the traditional bonds of trust between educators and students. The tangible connections forged in classrooms have given way to digital interfaces, leaving an indelible mark on the educational landscape.
I must acknowledge that the impact of COVID-19 on trust is nuanced and multifaceted. It has laid bare the fragility of our societal foundations, challenging us to rebuild with resilience. The path forward demands a judicious blend of empathy, clarity, and adaptability, for in these tumultuous times, the strength of trust is the linchpin that can either mend or unravel the very fabric of our social tapestry.
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Covid-19 pandemic posses potent strength to invade all body cells and systems and worsening or disrupting body processes.
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You're right on spot.
Treatment regimen alone weakens the immune system but Covid-19 exacerbates the the entire system all together.
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Hi everyone.
what is force field of sars-cov-2 Mpro (6lu7) protein?
thank you.
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Hey there Haniyeh Baluch! Alright, let's dive into the force field of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro protein (PDB ID: 6lu7). Now, I'll give you Haniyeh Baluch some insight.
The force field for a protein like Mpro refers to the mathematical description of the potential energy of the system as a function of the coordinates of all its atoms. In molecular dynamics simulations, force fields are crucial for understanding the behavior of proteins at a detailed level.
However, specific force field parameters for a particular protein, like Mpro, are generally derived from experimental data or quantum mechanical calculations. I can't provide you Haniyeh Baluch with real-time, cutting-edge specifics on this without accessing current research, but there are established force fields like AMBER, CHARMM, and GROMOS that researchers commonly use.
Now, opinions on which force field is superior can vary among researchers, and it's an area where ongoing development and refinement are common. Keep in mind that the field is dynamic, and new information may emerge.
Feel free to ask more or share your thoughts on this topic!
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How has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the way English is taught as a foreign language?
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Dear Dr. Al-Maktary!
You raised a very important issue. Covid-19 enforced the role of online - learning platforms in studying foreign languages. May I claim that the answer is a case and context-dependent one:
1) Jiang, P., Namaziandost, E., Azizi, Z. et al. Exploring the effects of online learning on EFL learners’ motivation, anxiety, and attitudes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a focus on Iran. Curr Psychol 42, 2310–2324 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-04013-x, Available at:
2) Linling, Z., & Abdullah, R. (2023). The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Flipped Classroom for EFL Courses: A Systematic Literature Review. SAGE Open, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221148149, Open access:
3) Sun, P. P., & Luo, X. (2023). Understanding English-as-a-foreign-language university teachers' synchronous online teaching satisfaction: A Chinese perspective. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12891, Available at:
4) Mansfield, J., Smith, K., Adams, M. et al. Valuing COVID-19 as an opportunity to understand teacher agency. J Educ Change (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-023-09488-4, Open access:
Yours sincerely, Bulcsu Szekely
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Hello, I am working on tourism data (tourism income and tourism arrivals) and the seasonality is very high as expected. I would like to apply Census X-13 method for the seasonality adjustment; however, all datasets have 0 (zero) value for 2020M04 and 2020M05 observations due to Covid-19 restrictions. How can I solve this problem? Is it okay if I only put “1” for these missing values then apply Census X-13? Or do you recommend a better option? I appreciate your help.
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Dear friend Barış Ülker
Hey there! Dealing with pesky missing data, especially during the COVID times, eh? Let me give you Barış Ülker a bold opinion on handling this:
While the Census X-13 method is a robust tool for seasonality adjustment, blindly filling in missing values with "1" might not be the most accurate approach. It's a bit like slapping a band-aid on a complex issue. Here's what I'd suggest:
1. **Understand the Impact:**
- Investigate why the values are missing in 2020M04 and 2020M05. Is it solely due to COVID-19 restrictions, or are there other factors?
2. **Imputation Techniques:**
- Consider using more sophisticated imputation techniques. Instead of filling with a constant, you Barış Ülker might estimate missing values based on trends, averages, or other relevant factors.
3. **Contextual Filling:**
- If it makes sense in your context, you Barış Ülker could use 1 or some other placeholder for those months, but you Barış Ülker must justify why you're doing this and be aware of potential biases it might introduce.
4. **Communication:**
- Clearly document your handling of missing data. Transparency is key. Explain why you Barış Ülker chose a particular method and the potential impact on your results.
5. **Comparison:**
- Run your analysis with and without the imputed values. Compare results and assess the sensitivity of your findings to the imputation method.
6. **Consult Peers:**
- Seek opinions from other researchers in your field. They might provide valuable insights or suggest alternative methods you Barış Ülker haven't considered.
Remember, I got opinions, but you Barış Ülker should always tailor your approach to the specifics of your data and the requirements of your analysis. Let me know if you Barış Ülker need more fiery advice or if you Barış Ülker want to dive into a different topic!
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What are the main sources of the significant decline in economic growth and recession of the economy in 2023?
In Poland, during the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic, the government introduced a large amount of additional printed money into the economy from April 2020, which was introduced off-budget in a procedure specially created for this purpose. The central bank also participated in the procedure, buying additional new series of Treasury bonds issued by the Treasury directly. The printed money was introduced into the economy through special purpose funds created mainly in government-controlled institutions, such as the Polish Development Fund and Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego, among others. A large amount of the printed money thus went to government-controlled state-owned companies, including, among others, the monopolistically operating large companies in the energy, fuel and mining sectors, which contribute to the leading part of the national energy industry, which produces energy mainly on the basis of dirty combustion energy, i.e. on the basis of burning fossil fuels. In Poland, still thanks to government subsidies, more than 3/4 of energy is generated from burning fossil fuels. If the subsidies provided from governments to the combustion power sector since the 1990s had fueled the development of renewable and emission-free energy, Poland would now be a modern and energy-secure country, where most of the energy would now be produced by clean renewable energy. With the aforementioned subsidies, several large nuclear power plants, many wind farms and thousands of solar installations could have been built. Unfortunately, the government preferred to be in comity with the unions operating in coal mines, lignite mines, power and fuel companies in order to support the development of combustion energy and inhibit and block the development of renewable and carbon-free energy. Thanks to the topic that hard coal is sourced from deep-sea high methane mines in the country, the government has been subsidizing coal mining for many years with many billions of zlotys. Surcharging was a permanent part of this pseudo-business, since mining had already been permanently loss-making, unprofitable for many years. In addition, thanks to the government's comity with the aforementioned trade unions, the level of wages in the loss-making fossil fuel extraction sector was high and growing despite the declining business efficiency of these companies. Since the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic, more than 300 billion in added PLN has been injected extra-budgetarily into the economy. According to some estimates compiled by scientific institutes independent of the government, this is even an amount of about 400 billion PLN. The printed money was introduced into the economy on the basis of specially introduced for this purpose regulations, covid laws, on the basis of which, on the one hand, lockdowns were introduced, temporarily excluding from real economic activity many companies, mainly service sectors. On the other hand, on the basis of covid laws introduced specifically for this purpose, printed money was transferred to the majority of companies and enterprises operating in the economy as subsidies to pay fixed costs and surcharges on salaries of employed workers on the condition that employment was maintained. Non-repayable said financial subsidies were also given to many companies and enterprises, including state-owned companies, whose business activities were not subject to lockdowns. Since in recent years the annual budget of the state is about 500 billion PLN so the estimated scale of the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus printed since the pandemic almost matches the mentioned amount. This was possible because the introduction of covid-based regulations into the economy of printed money continued until the parliamentary elections held on 15.10.2023 despite the fact that the pandemic ended much earlier. The magnitude of the negative impact on the community and on the economy quickly began to decline as early as January 2021, when a mass vaccination program was introduced on the basis of millions of coronavirus vaccines purchased by the government from several pharmaceutical companies. However, the practice of injecting printed money into the economy on the basis of covid regulations continued. The result was an increase in inflation as early as Q2. 2021. Inflation in Poland grew so fast that it was one of the highest in Europe from 2021 to 2023. With the aim of fighting inflation from October 2021, the central bank, i.e. the National Bank of Poland, rapturously began to raise interest rates. Raptly because surprising most financial analysts and economists with this action, since only two months earlier the president of the National Bank of Poland had assured during press conferences that these increases would begin in a year at the earliest. As a result, many citizens at the time took out extremely cheap long-term mortgages and business loans. Since, contrary to the banking standards of Western countries in Poland, for many years more than 90 percent of long-term loans were granted by commercial banks at variable interest rates, shifting the risk of interest rate changes to borrowers, so when the central bank raised interest rates, commercial banks quickly raised the oproc. of loans, including those previously granted, and slowly raised the oproc. of deposits and other bank investment products. Thus, the central bank's raising of interest rates had a very weak anti-inflationary effect and a fast and strong deconflationary effect. This was due to the rapidly declining creditworthiness of borrowers and falling investment levels in many sectors of the economy. For example, in the construction sector in Q3 2022, the level of investment fell by more than two-thirds on an annual basis. Because Poland's central bank raised the key benchmark interest rate from an interventionist, pandemic, anti-crisis level of 0.1 percent to 6.75 percent during the one-year period from the beginning of October 2021 to September 2022, so borrowing during the period of record, interventionist-low interest rates rapidly became more expensive. The period of the aforementioned interventionist, record-low interest rates lasted as long as a year and a half, and, according to assurances from the central bank governor, was expected to last much longer. As a result, the scale of mortgages and economic loans taken out at the time grew rapidly. When the central bank raised interest rates to a significant degree, the installments on repaid loans also increased significantly. For loans taken out at interventionist low interest rates, loan installments in the fall of 2022 were already more than double what they were at the beginning of the loan repayment. In addition, in 2022, producer inflation in some months was even more than 10 percent higher than consumer inflation. This was due to rapidly rising prices of energy and industrial raw materials, prefabricated products, semi-finished goods, wages and other production factors. Enterprises and companies, by passing on the increase in the prices of production factors to the prices of the products they sold, generated record high profits on the one hand and added to the rapidly rising inflation on the other. Commercial banks also generated record profits from mid-2021 onward as the central bank rapidly raised lending opc. rates and much slower deposit rates as interest rates rose. Despite the fact that the central bank had already stopped raising interest rates at 6.75 percent (the basic reference rate) in September 2022, the rate of economic growth was declining rapidly, the downturn was worsening and, interestingly, despite the Central Statistical Office showing no significant increase in unemployment. This happened because entrepreneurs converted full-time employment to part-time employment for many of their employees, and/or forced some of their employed staff to switch to self-employment in the setting up of sole proprietorships, i.e., establishing a sort of mini-company with which they continued to work. In this way, most of the large banks and companies have significantly improved their economic and financial situation since the pandemic, while most citizens have become poorer. For most citizens, the level of real wages, the level of savings since the pandemic has dropped significantly. Even the increase in wages in the corporate sector since Q2 2022 no longer compensated for the decline in the purchasing value of money as a result of high inflation. In addition, despite the fact that the central bank in Poland stopped relatively early, more than a year earlier than the Federal Reserve Bank and the European Central Bank to continue raising interest rates at the aforementioned level of 6.75 percent, Poland's economy went into recession in the 1st half of 2023. According to recently published data by the Central Statistical Office, Poland's recession reached 0.6 percent in April 2023. It is interesting to note that the Polish economy in 2023 experienced one of the highest downturns compared to other European Union countries, and this despite the government's continued social programs, electricity price subsidies, reduced VAT on food since the pandemic, and previously also on motor fuels (until December 2022). Despite soft fiscal policy and the government subsidy programs being developed, financed from the state's public finance system, Poland has experienced a recession. The government's energy price subsidies are due to the fact that the government was planning its re-election in the parliamentary elections, which took place in October 2023. This was one of many financial shielding instruments for citizens, which was intended to provide short-term, ad hoc some relief for citizens from rising household maintenance bills before the parliamentary elections. On the other hand, if the government's energy price subsidy system had not been in place then market energy prices would have been the highest in Poland. They would have been the highest due to the fact that Poland's energy production is extremely expensive, and mainly based on dirty combustion energy. This is a result of the government's restriction and blocking of the development of renewable and emission-free energy sources. The procedure of limiting the development of renewable energy sources and subsidizing dirty combustion energy from the system of state finances since the 1990s. While the procedure of blocking the development of renewable and emission-free energy sources, including onshore wind power since 2016 and solar power since April 2022. The result is a low level of energy security of the energy sector in Poland and some of the highest costs of energy production, not only against the background of the European Union, but also on a global scale. The lack of undertaken, necessary investments in new energy technologies, the limited scale of investments in the development of clean, renewable and emission-free energy, on the basis of which energy could now be produced in the cheapest way, is one of the key determinants limiting economic development, including the prospective development of the Polish economy. In view of the above, in recent years Poland has had an exceptionally chaotic, short-sighted pseudo-economic policy, which led, among other things, to the fact that Poland experienced a recession in Q2 2023. In April 2023, the CSO showed a 0.6 percent recession. In addition, the pseudo-economic policies pursued in recent years have resulted in a large increase in the debt of the state's public finance system. Citizens have finally noticed how irrationally the aforementioned pseudo-economic policies have been carried out in recent years, and voted overwhelmingly against the incumbent government in the parliamentary elections held on 15/10/2023. Perhaps the new government will repair all that has been destroyed in the Polish economy in recent years. Perhaps the new government will restore rationality, pro-social, pro-climate, pro-environmental, etc. in terms of its economic policies.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:
What are the main sources of the significant decline in economic growth and recession of the economy in 2023?
What are the main sources of the recession of the economy in 2023?
And what is your opinion about it?
What is your opinion on this issue?
Please answer,
I invite everyone to join the discussion,
Thank you very much,
Best regards,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.
In writing this text I did not use other sources or automatic text generation systems.
Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz
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The main source of economic recession in the last 3 years Dariusz Prokopowicz is the geopolitical spreading of terrorism and war, i.e. geopolitics (territorial fight) dominates over economics (cooperation).
There is no more an overarching power structure to control the many hot spots, thus global anarchy is the consequence.
Where there is no common Power, there is no Law: where no Law, no Injustice¼ if there be no Power erected, or not great enough for our security; every man will and may lawfully rely on his own strength and art, for caution against all other men.(Hobbes, Leviathan, Part I, Ch.13 ‘Of Man’).
Without a supreme international power or tribunal, states view each other with fear and hostility, and conflict, or the threat thereof, is endemic to the global system of human affairs.
______
The attainment of the economic aims of man presupposes peace.
Ludwig von Mises
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We perceive a different form of content production on Instagram of universities since the Covid-19 pandemic to the present day. Is it a legacy of strategic communication odopted by communicators from that period?
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I am afraid of perhaps not fully understanding Samuel's question or not fully appreciating the ideas behind his observation.
From a purely fundamental perspective of everyday communication, my humble idea would be that 'formal', 'strategic' communication is gradually on the way out.
'We' centricism and inclusive, empathetic register, which keeps the message simple, straight forward and crisp is the way forward.
If anything, the legacy of post-Covid communication is that there remains little difference between Business/Strategic/Formal communication and those that feature on social networking sites.
All organizations, including Universities (perhaps particularly so) find the focus on brevity, clarity and legitimacy to be the core principles of any media engagement.
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Any idea?
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One study identified 55 miRNAs that were altered in COVID-19 patients during early-stage disease, compared to healthy controls. The most strongly upregulated miRNA was miR-31-5p, which is associated with inflammatory disorders. The study also found a three-miRNA signature (miR-423-5p, miR-23a-3p and miR-195-5p) that could independently classify COVID-19 cases with high accuracy .
Another study suggested that SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, may act as a “miRNA sponge” and disrupt the normal function of host miRNAs. The study found that some miRNAs, such as hsa-miR-302c-5p and hsa-miR-16-5p, may be targeted by the virus and affect the expression of genes related to the ACE2 receptor, the entry point of the virus into human cells .
These studies indicate that miRNAs may be involved in the molecular mechanism and clinical outcome of COVID-19, and may have potential applications as biomarkers or therapeutic targets. However, more research is needed to validate and elucidate the role of miRNAs in COVID-19.
If you want to learn more about miRNA related with COVID-19, you can check out these web search results:
  • Altered microRNA expression in COVID-19 patients enables identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection
  • SARS-COV-2 as potential microRNA sponge in COVID-19 patients
  • MicroRNA May Explain Individual Differences in COVID-19 Severity
  • Altered microRNA expression in COVID-19 patients enables identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection - PLOS
  • Evaluation of Plasma Proteome and miRNA Changes Related to COVID-19 Severity
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There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that there is an association between ABO blood group and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity.
  • Susceptibility: People with blood group A appear to be at a higher risk of being infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, compared to people with other blood groups. For example, a meta-analysis of 26 studies found that people with blood group A were 1.25 times more likely to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 than people with blood group O.
  • More research is needed to better understand the relationship between ABO blood group and COVID-19, and to develop new strategies for preventing and treating the disease.
* tell me the susceptibility of ABO blood group effected by the covid-19?
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Value add:
The correlation coefficient would indicate the strength and direction of the relationship between blood group and COVID-19-related outcomes. Correlation does not imply causation and additional research is needed to establish any causal relationship.
1. Susceptibility: Some studies have reported a potential association between ABO blood group and COVID-19 susceptibility. For example, a study might find that individuals with blood group A are more susceptible to COVID-19 infection compared to individuals with other blood groups. The correlation coefficient, such as the Pearson correlation coefficient (r), would indicate the strength and direction of this association.
2. Severity: Other studies have investigated the relationship between blood group and COVID-19 severity, including the risk of developing severe symptoms, requiring intensive care, or experiencing worse clinical outcomes. For instance, the study might find that individuals with blood group O have a lower risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes compared to individuals with other blood groups. The correlation coefficient would quantify the strength and direction of this association.
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It would have been controversial to raise questions about the Vaccination-Vitiligo link while the Pandemic was raging. Now that the Pandemic is under control, we must seek the truth.
There are plenty of articles I could locate with Google Scholar reporting incidents that suggest there is a link. For instance,
Vitiligo is recognized as an auto-immune phenomenon. Vaccinations, in general, have been associated with auto-immune reactions.
There have been two new cases of vitiligo among my acquaintances in the last two years. In both cases, the person involved had taken Covid-19 vaccinations.
A major epidemiological study is called for. The study should also cover possible associations with gender, age, ethnicity, socio-economic factors, and nutritional factors so that we will understand conditions under which a causative phenomenon is identified.
Srinivasan Ramani, 25-11-2023
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covid triggers autoimmune reaction (such as vitiligo) in a small % of cases.
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In the times of COVID19 pandemic when most of the academics and research have shifted to online and distance mode, I wonder if there are postdoc positions available without the restriction of being physically present in the lab/ university. Any suggestions or links to open position advertisements can help me in grabbing a postdoc position.
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This innovative concept if gain popularity would be a win-win for both the parties. A working professional with PhD who want to have a post doc experience without leaving existing job can go for it. On the other hand a professor or a lab/university looking for some expert of some specialized domain in the team get it without much monetary burden. Even I work in a govt Institute and leaving job or getting deputation for a post doc is not on the offering, so to fulfill my dream of having post doc experience can only be true if remote/online/part time post doc positions are offered/advertised regularly
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White Lung Syndrome: Is it just a deteriorated immunity from infection and reinfection with COVID19? OR Is it a coinfection with COVID19 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae?
1. With clusters of cases of respiratory illnesses among children, whether the symptoms of current epidemic resemble typical mycoplasma infections?
Mycoplasma leading to pneumonia by mass infections?
2. With undiagnosed childhood pneumonia, what does it convey with symptoms having high-fever (temperatures exceeding 40 degrees C) and lung-inflammation (and continuous coughing for over a month)?
Translating from upper respiratory tract infection to pneumonia very quickly? Not a conventional Mycoplasma infection? No more a usual pathogen (and, possibly a new variant of COVID19)?
3. Do we have a clear etiology and scope of this outbreak (epidemiological and clinical information), where unusual number of children getting affected so rapidly?
4. Does white-lungs (extensive white areas in the lungs on an X-Ray – indicating widespread pathological changes in the lungs) deserve special attention now? Can Mycoplasma pneumonia cause white lung?
5. Is it just a mixed-infection (multiple pathogens getting infected @ same time; or, multiple pathogens getting infected one after another); and not a cross-infection (with other respiratory diseases)?
6. As the immune system needs to fight against upper respiratory tract infections for those kids, who get infected with Mycoplasma pneumonia, won’t the immune system will be under severe stress, when the kids also have a fever and a severe cough?
Now, what exactly (which new virus) causes another infection that could possibly invade the lower respiratory tract of the kid, and which eventually, enter the lungs?
Whether the presence of new virus, if any, keep interacting with other respiratory tracts; or, this new virus gets along well with the bacteria of mycoplasma pneumonia (which severely damages the body’s immune system) – leading to inflammatory infiltration or white lungs?
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White lung syndrome is not caused by a co-infection with COVID-19 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, although such a co-infection is possible and may worsen the outcome. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia, especially in children and young adults. It can cause mild to moderate respiratory symptoms, such as fever, cough, sore throat, and chest pain. However, it can also cause severe complications, such as bronchiolitis, asthma exacerbation, hemolytic anemia, and encephalitis. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection can be diagnosed by serology, PCR, or culture, and can be treated with antibiotics, such as macrolides, tetracyclines, or fluoroquinolones.
The current epidemic of respiratory illnesses among children in China is not related to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, but rather to a novel variant of COVID-19, known as the Omicron variant. The Omicron variant was first detected in South Africa in November 2021, and has since spread to many countries around the world. The Omicron variant has several mutations in the spike protein, which is the part of the virus that binds to the human cells and facilitates infection. These mutations may increase the transmissibility, immune evasion, and virulence of the virus, although more studies are needed to confirm these effects. The Omicron variant has been associated with a surge of COVID-19 cases, especially among children and young adults, who may have lower immunity or vaccination rates. The symptoms of the Omicron variant are similar to those of the original COVID-19, such as fever, cough, headache, and loss of smell or taste. However, some reports suggest that the Omicron variant may cause more mild or asymptomatic infections, or more upper respiratory tract symptoms, such as runny nose, sneezing, or sore throat. The Omicron variant can be detected by PCR testing, but some tests may show a lower sensitivity or a specific pattern of results, known as the S-gene dropout. The Omicron variant can be treated with antiviral drugs, such as molnupiravir or paxlovid, which have been shown to reduce the risk of hospitalization and death if taken early in the course of infection. The Omicron variant can also be prevented by vaccination, although some vaccines may have a reduced efficacy against this variant. Therefore, booster doses and new vaccine formulations may be needed to enhance the protection against the Omicron variant.
The etiology and scope of the Omicron variant outbreak are still under investigation, as more data and evidence are being collected and analyzed. The unusual number of children getting affected so rapidly may reflect the higher susceptibility and exposure of this population group to the new variant, as well as the lower vaccination coverage and immunity. The white lung syndrome may occur in some children who develop severe COVID-19 pneumonia due to the Omicron variant, but it is not a common or specific feature of this variant. The white lung syndrome may be caused by a mixed infection of COVID-19 and other respiratory pathogens, such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, or bacterial pneumonia, which can increase the severity and complexity of the disease. However, it is not likely to be caused by a cross-infection with other respiratory diseases, such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, or silicosis, which have different pathogenesis and manifestations.
The immune system of children who get infected with COVID-19 or Mycoplasma pneumoniae may be under severe stress, especially if they have a fever and a severe cough. The immune system may also be overwhelmed by the viral load and the inflammatory response, which can lead to a cytokine storm and multi-organ damage. Therefore, it is important to monitor the symptoms and signs of children who have respiratory infections, and to seek medical attention if they have difficulty breathing, chest pain, confusion, or persistent fever. It is also important to prevent and control the transmission of COVID-19 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae by following the public health measures, such as wearing masks, washing hands, avoiding crowds, and getting vaccinated.
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  • Are you an international researcher? I am searching for some researchers who can join our projects.
  • Our last project was about COVID-19 and SARS-Cov-2.
  • In future projects, we are going to work on other infectious diseases and zoonotic diseases.
  • If you think you have high potential in research, don't waste time and send your CV by email to me at [email protected] / [email protected].
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Let me share my CV ASAP
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What was the misinformation effect of conspiracy speculations during COVID-19 pandemic?
Study showed, when only 4.6% of population believed coronavirus was of a natural origin, irrational, denying and hesitant health behavior spread widely across nation.
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Dear Dr. Peshkovskaya!
You raised a relevant point. Please let me argue that one cannot evaluate the overall impact of misinformation on conspiracy speculations for the following reasons in the context of systems thinking:
1) Misinformation is a "virus" itself that mutates: Muppidi, S.R. (2023). Exploring a Vaccine for the Misinformation Virus in a Global Pandemic: Media Literacy, COVID, and Science Communication. In: Pachauri, S., Pachauri, A. (eds) Global Perspectives of COVID-19 Pandemic on Health, Education, and Role of Media. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1106-6_15, Open access:
2) Conspiracy speculations are the product of fear that is highly case - and context-dependent: Khalaf, M.A., Shehata, A.M. Trust in information sources as a moderator of the impact of COVID-19 anxiety and exposure to information on conspiracy thinking and misinformation beliefs: a multilevel study. BMC Psychol 11, 375 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01425-7, Open access:
3) Both misinformation and conspiracy must be eliminated when it comes to science and healthcare delivery. Since there is a war in cyberspace nobody knows the real up-to-date situation. Certain criminal teams are constantly on the move causing fear and confusion. These teams ultimately aim to create chaos.
Yours sincerely, Bulcsu Szekely
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Good day everyone,
My name is Phil- a medical student at Dalhousie University.
I'm investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on presentations of asthma exacerbations to the Halifax Infirmary, and hoping to publish it to Cureus.
I'm looking for 5 folks to provide emails to potentially peer review the article- would anyone be able to help out with this please?
Thank you!
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I can help you with this.
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Kindly mention the types of microRNA.
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miRNA impacts several processes of the cells. Their activity depends on their bindings with mRNA and a single miRNA can bind with multiple mRNA. You can go through these reviews which have described many miRNAs and their role in Covid-19.
Regards
Saurabh
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has hand hygiene improved post covid-19?
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I personally learned a ten stage clinical hand washing procedure under COVID 19 and still continue to use it daily
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I can't publish my review article on SARS-CoV-2 and I'm concerned that it may have become outdated.
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P,lease do not presume your work was not relevant, not insightful. It merely did not meet the general expectations of the jounral. Ypou can try some regional jounrals.
In any case, stay at it! Yopu show energy and initiative of a very sound scientist.
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Is social media use a predictor of poor academic performance? According to Pew Research (2021), “adults ages 18 to 29 say they ever use any social media sites, which is similar to the share of those ages 30 to 49.” Specifically, college-aged students self-reported using Instagram, Snapchat, and TikTok over other platforms. The majority self-reported using these services daily, often several times a day. One particular study used artificial intelligence to analyze student profiles as a predictor for success. They found students who remained engaged showed a higher predictor for continuous success, whereas at-risk students were difficult to course-correct, even with over a month remaining before their final marks. With social media use growing exponentially during and following the COVID-19 pandemic, can we correlate this growth as a predictor for student success in the classroom?
Auxier, B. Anderson, M. (2021). “Social Media Use in 2021”. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from: https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2021/04/07/social-media-use-in-2021/
Subirats L, Palacios Corral A, Pe´rez-Ruiz S, Fort S, Sacha G-M (2023) Temporal analysis of academic performance in higher education before, during and after COVID-19 confinement using artificial intelligence. PLoS ONE 18(2): e0282306. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282306
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It is quite obvious that wasting time on social media steals that time from studying (pre-graduates) or researching (post-graduates). Interviews with teenagers in Norway show that once the fall for the temptation to check IM/SM during classes, "it is really difficult to return attention to the class" (Sorry, I don't have the reference for this particular research, but I think there should be tens of such surveys "out there" from many different countries). It is not only the time wasted directly with SM/IM, there is also the problem of diversion of attention from research/studies to whatever is happening in the SM/IM, anticipation of what others will post, how to react, etc.
Everyday use of SM/IM is not only a predictor for poor academic performance, is it a direct cause.
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The pandemic, COVID-19 changed the world in many ways numerous to outline. Specifically, it impacted the demographics of the healthcare industry. It also modified the scope of many businesses, globally. There are arguably long term effects of all these; evidenced by data.
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Healthcare industry
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How these relates each other.
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Sounds like an ask google scholar moment to me…
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Retraction "Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis "
The retraction notice is published today, June 4, 2020.
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The Lancet marks 200 years of continuous publication, a milestone the publication is making much of. On its glossy anniversary website, it has released a timeline of its greatest ever discoveries — with its less respectable moments conspicuously absent...
While two centuries would be a solemn milestone for any publication, for The Lancet it’s much more than that. After the turbulence of the Covid pandemic, the journal is not only more celebrated than ever but also more embattled. It faces the fallout of a major Covid retraction and accusations of malfeasance by prominent figures...
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RNA/DNA/Protein or any other type
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mRNA vaccine - Nobel prize for a vaccine that does not and did not work.
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Kindly mention the status and place
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Terri Purvis
Idiocy of the bureaucrats. Masks for chlkdren is patently absurd. They did not prevent spread but profoundly retarded all apects of learning.
The delta's in early Sept that drove HHS idiotic musings were minor and subsequent numbers show decine in everything but deaths - and those in tare the atr risk population, priumarily 65+.
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ففي ظل الانسحاب الامريكي من منظمة الصحة العالمية وقطع التمويل عنها هل ينتهي الامر باستبدال الوكالة الدولية بكيان عالمي جديد في ظل انتقادات المنظمة من الادارة الامريكية؟ ماذا ستسرف عنه الايام في المستقبل
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Uh oh! , COVID-19 is a "One Thousand and One Nights" story. It seems that we are at the beginning!
Has this epidemic become a point to chronicle date like the One Thousand and One Nights stories? هل أصبح هذا الوباء نقطة تأريخ مثل حكايات ألف ليلة وليلة؟
Let me ask the following three questions:
  • Is there a lack of interpretability and transparency related to this virus?
  • Did we reach a state with this pandemic that is hard to control and monitor?
  • Is COVID-19 one of nature's secretions or it has been fabricated in the laboratories of one or more countries?
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I will use the legend plex kit for quantification (it will be done by cytometry)
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You may use human hepatoma 7 cell line (Huh7) for your study as these cells are highly permissive for SARS-COV-2 replication. Many cytokine-related genes, including chemokines, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor, and IFN are upregulated upon viral stimulation in Huh7 cells, suggesting the presence of a cytokine storm. Using this cell line of liver origin would be interesting as the liver has been identified as one of the main target organs in cases of COVID-19.
For more information you may want to refer to the articles attached below.
Best.
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Artificial intelligence could have a significant impact on individuals, businesses, and governments. Here is what countries need to know about the benefits—and the first steps toward realizing them. The long-term potential of AI to change key aspects of the way we live and to support the operation of businesses, governments, and other organizations is hard to grasp. But even today, existing and proven AI applications can potentially create value for economies and societies around the world. Indeed, AI has contributed to improvements in quality of life for all segments of society through innovations such as predictive healthcare, adaptive education, and optimized crisis response.
The National Health Service in the United Kingdom, for instance, set up a National COVID-19 Chest Imaging Database containing a shared library of chest X-rays, CT scans, and MRI images to support the testing and development of AI technologies to treat COVID-19 and a variety of other health conditions. Businesses have seen increased productivity and operational efficiency through the use of autonomous robotics in manufacturing, AI-optimized supply chains, and intelligent cargo routing with autonomous vehicles, among other initiatives. For example, many logistics companies are using AI-powered sorting robots to optimize their warehouse operations. Governments can also harness the power of AI through personalized services and automated processes. Consider Singapore’s “Ask Jamie,” a virtual assistant that helps citizens and businesses navigate government services across roughly 70 government agencies through AI-powered chat and voice.
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Hi Bruce,
indeed the AI is evolving and we are yet at the very beginning of new era of technological transformation.
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What was covid 19?
What impact did it have on businesses?
How can we evaluate the impact that covid 19 had on the economy
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Now that the IMF World Economic Outlook database is updated to Apr 2023, that will be a useful authoritative source on data analysis both pre- and post-COVID. You can download it free-of-charge at the following link:
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I plan to do research in this field, studying factors that explain the performance of insurance firms during the recent pandemic.
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Not much there was no compensation in most insurance companies
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The Covid shock
Covid19 caught us by surprise. The previous comparable event had happened 100 years earlier and it had been named the Spanish flu, and it probably killed more people than World War I. The 1919 lessons learnt by health policy makers such as the US cities and European governments had been long forgotten.
Now we have learnt something
This time, it's 2023, and the Covid years, which are not over, have left a clear memory. We have no excuse, not to go prepared.
What about behavioural economists, looking at the exchange of value, time, tasks, anything, in human groups?
What can they tell us, of practical and explanatory interest for the next wave of Covid, or ahead of a similar event?
Behavioural economics scenarios and the pandemic
Can I suggest to look back at the micro-problem replicated a large number of times worldwide, where each household had to self-manage meals, schooling the children, etc. Trade-offs happened at high frequency between the members of the household, seen as agents in a behavioral nano-economy of the house...
The behavioual economist and a vademecum for the next wave?
What do you consider worthwhile for planning the next wave each household likely to have to isolate for while, at least now and then?
Let me share the assessment and model developed for the case of Covid19 "household lockdown":
REF
[1] Agent Based Model for Covid 19 Transmission: -field approach based on context of interaction, July 2020,R. Di Francesco, DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.24583.83364
[2] "Nanoeconomics of Households in Lockdown Using Agent Models during COVID-19," Sustainability, by Javier Cifuentes-Faura & Renaud Di Francesco, 2022, vol. 14(4), pages 1, February.
[3] Microeconomics of intertemporal choice in zero-space during Covid-19: a behavioral economics perspective. by Cifuentes-Faura, J., Di Francesco, R., J Health Econ 23, 559–563 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-021-01403-z
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Behavioural economics must explore the limits of its altruistic paradigm while shedding light on the relationship between laboratory kindness and everyday egoism. The notion of a deeply rooted do-gooderism may indeed flatter our hearts, but it must cloud our understanding of human action in these difficult times (Citation from last source).
___________
Conclusion:
Choice architecture seems to be central concept (vademecum) from behavioral economics, i.e. monetary compensations do matter in this respect, in terms of effective decision-making.
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The global COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, which was caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in a significant loss of human life around the world. The SARS-CoV-2 has caused significant problems to medical systems and healthcare facilities due to its unexpected global expansion. Despite all of the efforts, developing effective treatments, diagnostic techniques, and vaccinations for this unique virus is a top priority and takes a long time. However, the foremost step in vaccine development is to identify possible antigens for a vaccine. The traditional method was time taking, but after the breakthrough technology of reverse vaccinology (RV) was introduced in 2000, it drastically lowers the time needed to detect antigens ranging from 5–15 years to 1–2 years. The different RV tools work based on machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI). Models based on AI and ML have shown promising solutions in accelerating the discovery and optimization of new antivirals or effective vaccine candidates. In the present scenario, AI has been extensively used for drug and vaccine research against SARS-COV-2 therapy discovery. This is more useful for the identification of potential existing drugs with inhibitory human coronavirus by using different datasets. The AI tools and computational approaches have led to speedy research and the development of a vaccine to fight against the coronavirus. Therefore, this paper suggests the role of artificial intelligence in the field of clinical trials of vaccines and clinical practices using different tools.
Source:
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Leapfrogging clinical research steps via AI has, imo, very little empIrical foundations , dear Eduard Babulak , with respect to the biological reality of living organisms.
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How do I share a public link of my paper in the network?
I got the journal permission to share the following link of my recent paper
How do I share it technically?
Sincerely
Abira
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The link to your paper at ResearchGate is https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373432696, the link to the page at Springer is http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-05102-1 . But you do not need a permission to share these links. What exactly do you mean by "How do I share it technically?"
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I want to build a phylogenetic tree of data of sequencing of dengue, but I don't have experience in that, I had had the experience in SARS-CoV-2, in that case I used my sequences (query), the sequence more related to my query (using Audacity Instant in GISAID) and the references sequences, all these were my dataset (for SARS-CoV-2), but for dengue is there a program similar to Audacity instant? Any recommendation?
Thanks for any opinion.
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You may find it on the NCBI database if you search for dengue sequences like this
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Is it not lowering the quality of education? What has been the purpose of exam invigilation over the years before the COVID-19 pandemic? Will their degrees be authentic? Will they not be half-baked? Is it not an online copy-paste game? What do you think?
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There are no objective exams Samuel Mwendwa Your query is, imo, mostly a matter of precise technicalities, e.g. ID control. I do think there are two possible technical routes: A) fully automated examination in an anonymous way by multiple choice, B) something like a full oral rigorosum.
The main problem with all the online education (exams included) that I do see is the problem that outmoded educational practices will now be repeated electronically.
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HRM practices have been hugely affected by the pandemic across the globe. Is there any possibility of a change in the practices in the expected POST-COVID-19 era? Are we going to resort to our old and/ traditional HRM practices? What is your take on this as a practitioner or academic? Kindly share your thoughts with us, thank you.
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Yes, there are changes to the world of work, such as.
Remote work, health and safety protocols, employee well-being and talent management. These changes have affected the human resource management (HRM)
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My study is on the events of the historical change to HRM practices during and post COVID-19 respective organizations
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Qualitative designs are helpful for exploring dynamic and complex phenomena that is difficult to measured.
For instance, to examine effects of COVID-19 on HRM. focused on the experience and perceptions of individuals or groups who have faced COVID-19 challenges in their HMR examples managers, employees or customers, these qualitative designs can give rich insights into the challenges and opportunities created for HRM during COVID.
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Is the Omicron soup causing the WHO's Greek naming scheme to fail?
The World Health Organization is investigating a new COVID variant called “Arcturus,” which is likely causing a new surge of cases in at least 34 countries. The subvariant of Omicron, XBB.1.16, has been named “Arcturus” by SARS-CoV-2 variant trackers and is very similar to the U.S. dominant “Kraken” XBB.1.5, which is the most transmissible COVID variant yet, according to Dr. Maria Van Kerkhove, WHO's COVID-19 Technical Lead, at a news conference on March 29, 2023.
Arguably, the omnipresent Omicron may have thrown the WHO's COVID-19 variant naming system into disarray. Omicron's rapid growth has made it increasingly difficult for ordinary people to keep up with the dizzying array of subvariants it has created. The WHO originally intended to simplify public communications by assigning Greek letters to variants it deemed threatening. For example, the WHO classified “Kraken” XBB.1.5 and “Arcturus” XBB.1.16 as Variants of Interest (VOIs) on January 11 and April 17 of this year, respectively. However, because “Kraken”, “Arcturus”, and "Centaurus" (BA.2.75, a Variants Under Monitoring (VUM)) are Latinized words, they would cause the WHO's Greek naming scheme per se to fall apart.
References:
  1. World Health Organization. Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants. https://www.who.int/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants
  2. World Health Organization. WHO announces simple, easy-to-say labels for SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Interest and Concern. https://www.who.int/news/item/31-05-2021-who-announces-simple-easy-to-say-labels-for-sars-cov-2-variants-of-interest-and-concern
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The WHO has upgraded COVID-19 variant EG.5 to a variant of interest (VOI) on August 9, 2023, from a variant under monitoring (VUM), as it continues to become more prevalent around the world.  The variant — which has been nicknamed “Eris” (Greek mythology; goddess of discord; sister of Ares) by some media,  has been found in 51 countries. “Eris” is a descendent lineage of XBB.1.9.2, which is an omicron subvariant. It was first detected on Feburary 17, 2023 and designated as a VUM on July 19, 2023.
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I'm expecting to use stock prices from the pre-covid period up to now to build a model for stock price prediction. I doubt regarding the periods I should include for my training and test set. Do I need to consider the pre-covid period as my training set and the current covid period as my test set? or should I include the pre-covid period and a part of the current period for my training set and the rest of the current period as my test set?
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To split your data into training and test sets for predicting stock prices using pre-COVID and current COVID periods, consider using a time-based approach. Allocate a portion of data from pre-COVID for training and the subsequent COVID period for testing, ensuring temporal continuity while evaluating predictive performance.
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In one work, suppose multi-disease (skin cancer, covid-19, Monkeypox, and lung disease) data analysis and disease prediction, I used 5 ML models (KNN, GB, RF, SVM, and Ada boost) after pre-processing steps (data cleaning, encoding, missing value handling, outliers handling, feature engineering, etc.) now while analyzing the model performances I want to use statistical test on our ML models. I found no previous works that work on the same kind of dataset instead most of them worked on similar types of disease (i.e. Lung cancer (3 types) = 11, 12, 13) detection. I want to know, (1) How can I compare my work outcomes with others as they not using similar data? (2) When applying the statistical test will be appropriate? (3) Why should I use it? (4) How can I perform statistical tests for my work?
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it sounds like you need something like a middleware that converts some of the factors you are analyzing to have some sort of a commonality index. So at least there are some basis on why you compare them that way. Specially if like you mentioned there is no existing studies published yet about this approach.
Do some factor analysis to reduce the number of things being measureed to some similar ones for comparison purposes.
Also ensure your instruments reliability suffices' chronbach's alpha and employ divergent and convergent validity tests so that at the end of the day, you are:
1. Measuring the factors that are supposed to be measured
2. Excluding the factors that are not supposed to be measured.
I think applying these principles to your tests could help you create a new approach. Since its a new territory to be explored.
Just my thoughts on this matter. Good luck!
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There is an abundance of new scientific literature that has been published (over the past year and a half) on new clinical research developments of electronic-nose (e-nose), or artificial olfaction and related technologies, for the early detection and diagnosis of Covid-19 coronavirus infections in human patients. This question centers around the idea of whether any of these research approaches have actually been further developed (beyond proof of concept) to the extent that new diagnostic methods (based on e-nose instruments) are already being used in clinical practice. I am not looking for literature (published research) on experimental trials, but rather actual examples of clinical uses (locations of medical facilities and technologies used) that have already been implemented in a known clinical setting or for point-of-care testing (POCT).
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A new 2023 review article, published earlier this year, summarizes a large amount of international literature (205 articles) relevant to the noninvasive early detection of COVID-19 using electronic nose and related VOC-detection technologies with the following title and URL DOI link:
Potential for Early Noninvasive COVID-19 Detection Using Electronic-Nose Technologies and Disease-Specific VOC Metabolic Biomarkers
March 2023 Sensors 23(6):2887 (49 pages)
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To date, the human cost of coronavirus (COVID-19) is more than 13 000000 infections, and more than 570000 death worldwide. The economic cost so far has been staggering. Many economies almost come to a halt. The impact on supply, demand, the financial market is affecting both larger and smaller firms. However, SMEs are at a disadvantage due to limited resources, existing obstacles in securing capital, and the span of time over which they can survive this pandemic compared to the larger firms.
How SMEs and new start-ups are going to handle this pandemic? Can they survive it or a great majority of them will go out of business? Should the government step in to help?
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The impact of COVID-19 on new start-ups and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) has been significant and varied. While some have managed to survive and even thrive during these challenging times, others have faced substantial challenges and, unfortunately, some have been forced to shut down. The overall impact depends on several factors, including the industry, location, adaptability, financial stability, and the duration and severity of lockdowns and restrictions in their respective regions.
Challenges faced by start-ups and SMEs during COVID-19:
  1. Revenue Loss and Cash Flow Constraints: Many start-ups and SMEs experienced a sharp decline in revenue, especially those operating in industries directly affected by lockdowns and social distancing measures, such as hospitality, travel, retail, and entertainment. This revenue loss led to cash flow constraints, making it difficult for businesses to cover operational expenses and debts.
  2. Supply Chain Disruptions: The pandemic disrupted global supply chains, leading to shortages of raw materials and delayed shipments. This affected the production and distribution capabilities of many start-ups and SMEs, especially those reliant on imported goods.
  3. Reduced Consumer Spending: With economic uncertainty and job losses, consumer spending decreased in various sectors. Start-ups and SMEs relying on discretionary spending saw a decline in demand for their products or services.
  4. Limited Access to Funding: Investors became cautious during the pandemic, and many venture capital firms shifted their focus to supporting existing portfolio companies rather than making new investments. As a result, new start-ups found it challenging to secure funding.
  5. Remote Work Transition: The sudden shift to remote work posed challenges for some start-ups and SMEs that were not prepared for a remote work environment. It impacted team collaboration, productivity, and the overall work culture.
  6. Uncertainty and Fear: The overall uncertainty caused by the pandemic led to fear and hesitancy among consumers and businesses. Start-ups and SMEs struggled to plan for the future, not knowing how long the pandemic and its economic effects would last.
Adaptation and Survival Strategies:
Despite the challenges, some start-ups and SMEs have managed to survive and even thrive by adopting various strategies:
  1. Digital Transformation: Businesses that quickly adapted to online operations, e-commerce, and digital marketing fared better during the pandemic. Those with robust online platforms were able to continue selling products and services to a wider audience.
  2. Pivoting Business Models: Some start-ups changed their core offerings or targeted new markets that were in demand during the pandemic. For example, some restaurants switched to takeout and delivery services, and some clothing manufacturers began producing face masks.
  3. Cost Optimization: Companies that implemented cost-cutting measures and managed their finances efficiently were better positioned to weather the crisis.
  4. Government Support: Various governments worldwide offered financial assistance, grants, and loans to support struggling businesses during the pandemic.
  5. Innovation and Creativity: Start-ups and SMEs that continued to innovate and find unique solutions to pandemic-related challenges had a higher chance of survival.
Can they survive?
The survival of new start-ups and SMEs amid the ongoing impact of COVID-19 remains uncertain and heavily dependent on various factors. Those that have successfully adapted their business models, managed their finances, and embraced digital transformation are more likely to survive. However, many businesses, especially in highly affected industries, continue to face significant challenges.
As the situation evolves and vaccination efforts progress, economic recovery is expected, which can provide some relief to struggling businesses. However, it may take time for certain industries to fully recover.
In conclusion, while the pandemic has posed immense challenges for new start-ups and SMEs, those that have been resilient, adaptable, and creative in navigating these unprecedented times have a better chance of survival. Government support, access to funding, and a gradual return to normalcy will also play crucial roles in determining the fate of these businesses.
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Since the start of the COVID-19 Pandemic, many governments and private organizations allocated large sums of money to fund projects dealing with various areas related to this virus. The vaccine is the most prominent area but detection, caring and monitoring of the patients revealed that the current medical equipment is not adequate and sufficient. Are these funding going to lead to invention or innovation? have you seen any report of innovation in medical technology in your community?
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Yes, the COVID-19 pandemic is likely to serve as an engine for innovation in medical technology. The unprecedented challenges posed by the pandemic have driven the healthcare and medical technology industries to rapidly develop and adopt innovative solutions to address the crisis. Here are some ways in which the pandemic has accelerated innovation in medical technology:
  1. Vaccines and Therapeutics: The urgent need for vaccines and therapeutics to combat COVID-19 led to unprecedented global efforts in research and development. The development and deployment of mRNA vaccines, such as those from Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, showcased the potential of new vaccine technologies.
  2. Telemedicine and Remote Healthcare: The pandemic pushed the adoption of telemedicine and remote healthcare solutions to provide medical services to patients while minimizing in-person contact. Virtual consultations, remote monitoring, and telehealth platforms have become more widely accepted and integrated into healthcare systems.
  3. Digital Health Solutions: Contact tracing apps, health monitoring wearables, and digital health platforms have been developed or repurposed to help track and manage the spread of the virus, monitor patients' health remotely, and provide real-time data for public health officials.
  4. Medical Imaging and AI: Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning algorithms have been applied to medical imaging, such as chest X-rays and CT scans, to aid in the detection and diagnosis of COVID-19. These technologies have shown promise in enhancing diagnostic accuracy and efficiency.
  5. Ventilator Innovation: The high demand for ventilators during the pandemic spurred efforts to develop and produce new and more efficient ventilator models to support patients with severe respiratory issues.
  6. Rapid Diagnostic Tests: The need for quick and accurate COVID-19 testing led to the development of various rapid diagnostic tests, including antigen tests and molecular point-of-care devices.
  7. Supply Chain and Logistics Innovations: The pandemic highlighted vulnerabilities in the medical supply chain. Innovations in supply chain management and logistics have been explored to ensure the efficient distribution of medical equipment, PPE, and vaccines.
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Economics of different countries is collapsed because of COVID-19. What you think? What will be the opportunities of funding at higher studies after this Pandemic? Please share your thoughts regarding this issue. Your valuable thoughts will be highly appreciated.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruptions and changes in various aspects of higher education, including funding opportunities for international students pursuing higher studies in different countries. While the pandemic has presented challenges, it has also led to some opportunities in funding for students. Here are some potential opportunities to consider:
  1. Scholarships and Grants: Many universities and governments around the world offer scholarships and grants to attract international students. After the pandemic, there may be increased emphasis on supporting students from diverse backgrounds, including those affected by the economic impact of the pandemic.
  2. Financial Aid and Support: Some countries and institutions may increase their financial aid packages to help students overcome financial barriers to higher education.
  3. Research Funding: Universities and research institutions may focus on research related to pandemics, public health, and other fields that are crucial in addressing global challenges. This could create additional funding opportunities for students interested in these areas of study.
  4. Industry Partnerships: There might be increased collaboration between universities and industries to address pandemic-related issues and other global challenges. This could lead to funded research projects and opportunities for students to work on practical and relevant research.
  5. Online Learning Opportunities: The pandemic has accelerated the adoption of online education. Students may find opportunities to access high-quality education from prestigious institutions around the world through online programs, often at a more affordable cost.
  6. Government Initiatives: Some governments may introduce special funding initiatives or incentives to attract international students as a part of their economic recovery plans.
  7. Flexible Work and Study Options: In a post-pandemic world, some countries might offer flexible work options for international students, allowing them to support their studies financially while gaining work experience.
  8. Remote Research Opportunities: Students may find opportunities to collaborate on research projects remotely with universities and research centers around the world, which could lead to funding support.
  9. Philanthropic Contributions: Donors and philanthropic organizations might increase their contributions to support higher education and research in response to the pandemic's impact on the global community.
It is essential for students to actively research funding opportunities and stay updated on the latest developments in higher education funding. Many funding opportunities have specific application deadlines and requirements, so students should plan ahead and be proactive in seeking financial support.
Additionally, students can reach out to their prospective universities' international student offices or financial aid offices to inquire about available funding options and scholarships tailored to their field of study and background.
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What kinds of problems did healthcare workers experience using protective equipment during the COVID-19 outbreak?
What kind of problems did the healthcare professionals experience regarding the supply of materials during the treatment and care of the patient during the covid-19 outbreak?
Have nurses used innovative practices in care? Could you share the innovation examples in nursing used in this process?
During the COVID-19 epidemic, nurses working in a hospital setting may be physically, mentally, socially, ethically, etc. what kind of problems does he have?
We need your scientific research and help with the answers to these questions in order to share them with healthcare nurses.
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Healthcare workers faced several challenges and issues while using protective equipment during the COVID-19 outbreak. These problems significantly impacted their safety, well-being, and ability to provide effective care. Some of the key problems experienced by healthcare workers include:
  1. Shortages of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Many healthcare facilities faced severe shortages of essential PPE, such as N95 respirators, surgical masks, gloves, gowns, and face shields. The lack of adequate PPE increased the risk of exposure to the virus for healthcare workers.
  2. Inadequate Training: Some healthcare workers did not receive sufficient training on how to properly don and doff PPE, leading to the improper use of protective gear and an increased risk of contamination.
  3. Discomfort and Physical Strain: PPE, especially when worn for extended periods, can be uncomfortable and cause physical strain. Healthcare workers reported issues such as difficulty breathing, skin irritation, and discomfort due to wearing PPE for long hours.
  4. Communication Barriers: Wearing masks and face shields can impede clear communication, leading to misunderstandings and potential risks in patient care.
  5. Fogging of Eyewear: Healthcare workers wearing glasses or face shields experienced fogging of eyewear, which could obstruct vision and lead to potential safety hazards.
  6. Dehydration and Heat Stress: Wearing PPE in hot and humid environments led to dehydration and heat stress for some healthcare workers.
  7. Limited Mobility and Dexterity: Some PPE components, such as gloves, reduced the mobility and dexterity of healthcare workers, making certain tasks challenging.
  8. Emotional and Psychological Impact: The constant use of PPE and the fear of infection took a toll on the mental health and well-being of healthcare workers, leading to increased stress, anxiety, and burnout.
  9. Reuse and Extended Use of PPE: Due to shortages, some healthcare workers had to reuse PPE for an extended period, increasing the risk of contamination.
  10. Fit and Sizing Issues: Finding the right fit and size of PPE for all healthcare workers, especially those with diverse body shapes and sizes, posed challenges.
  11. Doffing Challenges: Improper doffing of PPE posed a risk of self-contamination for healthcare workers.
  12. Infection Despite PPE Use: Despite using PPE, healthcare workers still faced the risk of infection due to the highly contagious nature of the virus.
  13. Fears of Transmitting the Virus: Healthcare workers were concerned about potentially transmitting the virus to their families or vulnerable patients, even with the use of protective equipment.
  14. Cultural and Religious Concerns: Some healthcare workers faced challenges in adhering to PPE guidelines due to cultural or religious reasons.
Addressing these challenges required continuous efforts by healthcare institutions, policymakers, and manufacturers to ensure a steady supply of high-quality PPE, comprehensive training for proper usage, and measures to support the physical and emotional well-being of healthcare workers on the frontline.
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Hi all,
Can you tell us how COVID 19 has triggered most of the innovative processes in the public and private sectors during this period of uncertainty? and from the non-profit sector? in your country?
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Here are some ways in which the COVID-19 crisis has spurred innovation:
  1. Telemedicine and Digital Health Solutions: The need for remote healthcare services during the pandemic led to a rapid expansion of telemedicine and digital health platforms. Virtual consultations, remote monitoring devices, and telehealth solutions became essential tools for delivering healthcare services while minimizing physical contact.
  2. E-Learning and Remote Education: With schools and universities closed during lockdowns, there was a significant surge in e-learning platforms and remote education solutions. Educational institutions and edtech companies developed innovative ways to deliver online classes and interactive learning experiences.
  3. Work from Home and Virtual Collaboration: The shift to remote work prompted the adoption of virtual collaboration tools and platforms. Video conferencing, online project management, and cloud-based collaboration tools became essential for maintaining productivity and communication.
  4. Vaccine Development and Distribution: The urgency to combat the pandemic accelerated vaccine development and approval processes. Collaborative efforts between pharmaceutical companies, researchers, and governments led to the rapid development and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines.
  5. Supply Chain and Logistics Innovations: The pandemic exposed vulnerabilities in global supply chains. Companies and governments sought to enhance supply chain resilience through innovations in logistics, inventory management, and demand forecasting.
  6. Digital Payments and Contactless Services: The fear of virus transmission through physical currency led to an increased adoption of digital payment methods and contactless services in retail and banking sectors.
  7. Remote Entertainment and Streaming Services: The entertainment industry saw a surge in demand for streaming services, online gaming, and virtual events as people sought entertainment options at home.
  8. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Innovation: There was a rapid development of new PPE designs and materials to meet the increased demand for protective gear for healthcare workers and the general public.
  9. Data Analytics and Modeling: Data analytics and modeling played a crucial role in tracking the spread of the virus, predicting hotspots, and informing public health measures.
  10. AI and Automation in Healthcare: AI and automation technologies were utilized in healthcare settings for tasks like patient monitoring, diagnosis, and drug discovery.
  11. Community Initiatives and Social Innovation: Community-led initiatives and social innovation played a significant role in addressing various challenges posed by the pandemic, including food distribution, mental health support, and community solidarity.
  12. Hygiene and Sanitization Innovations: Various hygiene and sanitization innovations, such as touchless technology, UV sterilization devices, and antimicrobial materials, emerged to mitigate the spread of the virus.
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  • Are you an international researcher? I am searching for some researchers who can join our projects.
  • Our last project was about COVID-19 and SARS-Cov-2.
  • In future projects, we are going to work on other infectious diseases and zoonotic diseases.
  • If you think you have high potential in research, don't waste time and send your CV by email to me at [email protected].
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If not approved then how we have come to know approved for working of covid 19 patients or by research through research journals.
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Of course
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If trial details of recovered patients after application? Is it like antiviral vaccines or antibiotic. Is it possible to working like Ramdesiver blood clotting.
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There are a few trials worldwide, testing low-dose radiation therapy as a treatment for pneumonia related to Covid-19. The theory behind this is that targeted radiation to the lungs will halt the out-of-control inflammation responsible for the devastating pneumonia in some Covid-19 patients.
In Covid-19 patients, immune cells overreact to the virus and secrete a dangerous excess of proinflammatory cytokines, known as the “cytokine storm.” The idea is that low-dose lung radiation has the potential to reduce this inflammatory response. Some experts have theorized that small amounts of radiation might flip a switch on these immune cells so that they release soothing, anti-inflammatory cytokines instead though this treatment which is just one among many proposed mechanisms.
We know that antibiotics can help treat cases of pneumonia from bacterial infections, but not those caused by viruses. So, low-dose radiation could be a promising head start. The use of low-dose radiation therapy may not be recommended for all Covid-19 patients; but could be considered for those patients who are most critical, and for whom other treatment options are unsuccessful or unavailable.
However, with little known about the way low-dose radiation therapy works on inflamed lungs, some experts say it might exacerbate respiratory damage, while introducing the additional risk of cancer. Moreover, radiation-induced mutations of the viral genome can potentially induce selection pressure, leading to unintended and undesirable evolutionary changes during viral replication. Also, excessive inactivation of lymphocytes caused due to low-dose radiation therapy may theoretically impair the ability to mount a counter offensive to the virus and hence hasten mortality.
You may consider radiation as a double-edged sword with regard to the immune system. Low-dose and high-dose radiation therapy have differential effects on the immune subsets. If the proper subset of cells could be eliminated, applying low-dose radiation therapy might be a meaningful exercise. For more information on the mechanism and other details, you may want to refer to the articles attached below.
Regards,
Malcolm Nobre
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This RG open question is linked to the previous about the dramatic evolution (partly unexplainable) of COVID19 in Northern Italy during wave 1.
The previous RG open question is reported below🔴 and resulted in a completely alternative model for the evolution🟨 of SARS-CoV/2 from pre-pandemic phase to pandemic phase.
In this specific RG question, the intention is to create an open discussion on the possible emergence of a violent outbreak of avian flu or similar in central Europe.
This concern arises from a qualitative model that links three events which in the past have always characterized the violent explosion of a bird flu or similar.
---Coronavirus Epidemic/Pandemic;
---Conflict/War partly out of control;
---Pandemic avian flu or similar.
The ABSTRACT of the model can be consulted directly here.. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/46_fig2_367046404
This RG open question will serve to accumulate data both for and against this dire possibility.
Thanks to all the participants.
|--sv--|
🔴The novel Coronavirus in N. Italy, Lombardia 【 COVID19 / 2019nCoV / SARSCoV2 】 shows a fatality rate compatible with SARS-MERS. Why?? MAR.2020. -- https://www.researchgate.net/post/The-novel-Coronavirus-in-N-Italy-Lombardia-COVID19-2019nCoV-SARSCoV2-shows-a-fatality-rate-compatible-with-SARS-MERS-Why
🟨Link between the start of pandemic SARS-CoV/2 (COVID19) and the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan (Hubei: China): the furin cleavage site of spike protein. FEB.2022. -- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358443761
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The model is in progress ... ..... Disease Outbreak News. Influenza A(H5N1) in cats – Poland. 16 July 2023. WHO.
On 27 June 2023, the IHR National Focal Point of Poland notified WHO of unusual deaths in cats across the country. As of 11 July, 47 samples have been tested from 46 cats and one captive caracal, of which 29 were found to be positive for influenza A (H5N1). Fourteen cats are reported to have been euthanized, and a further 11 died, with the last death reported on 30 June. The source of the exposure of cats to the virus is currently unknown and epizootic investigations are ongoing.
Sporadic infection of cats with A(H5N1) has previously been reported, but this is the first report of a high numbers of infected cats over a wide geographical area within a country.
As of 12 July, no human contacts of A(H5N1) positive cats have reported symptoms, and the surveillance period for all contacts is now complete.
The risk of human infections following exposure to infected cats at the national level is assessed as low for the general population, and low to moderate for cat owners and those occupationally exposed to H5N1-infected cats (such as veterinarians) without the use of appropriate personal protective equipment.
WHO continues to monitor the situation and work in close collaboration with the animal and public health sectors, regional agencies, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), and other partner agencies in Poland.
Description of situation
On 27 June 2023, the IHR National Focal Point of Poland notified WHO of unusual deaths in cats across the country. As of 11 July 2023, a total of 47 samples have been tested from 46 cats and one caracal (Caracal caracal). Of these 47 samples, 29 (62%) were positive for influenza A(H5N1). Positive samples were reported from 13 geographical areas within the country.
Some cats developed severe symptoms including difficulty in breathing, bloody diarrhoea, and neurological signs, with rapid deterioration and death in some cases. In total, 20 cats had neurological signs, 19 had respiratory signs, and 17 had both neurological and respiratory signs.
Fourteen cats are reported to have been euthanized, and a further 11 died. Post-mortem exams on a small number of cats are suggestive of pneumonia. According to the information available, the last known death among cats was reported on 30 June .
Genomic analysis of 19 viruses sequenced from this outbreak showed that they all belonged to the H5 clade 2.3.4.4b and were highly related to each other. Also, the viruses are similar to influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses which have been circulating in wild birds and which caused outbreaks in poultry recently in Poland.
The source of exposure of cats to the virus is currently unknown and epizootic investigations are ongoing. There are several possibilities for the source of infection, among which the cats could have had direct or indirect contact with infected birds or their environments, ate infected birds, or ate food contaminated with the virus. Authorities are investigating all potential sources and to date have not ruled out any. Of the 25 cats for which the information is available, two were outdoor cats, 18 were indoor with access to a balcony, terrace, or backyard, and five were indoor cats with no access to the outside environment. Seven cats are reported to have had the opportunity for contact with wild birds.
This is the first report of high numbers of cats infected with avian influenza A(H5N1) spread over a wide geographical area within any country. Sporadic infections in domestic cats with A(H5N1) viruses, including A(H5N1) H5 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses, have been reported previously, following close contact of the cats with infected birds or from ingesting meat of infected birds.
Epidemiology of H5N1
Since the end of 2021, an unprecedented number of H5N1 outbreaks among poultry and wild birds has been reported worldwide. As of June 2023, the clade 2.3.4.4b viruses have become dominant in Asia, Europe, the Americas and Africa. Alongside wild bird and domestic poultry infections, there have been increased detections in non-avian species, including wild terrestrial (often scavenging) and marine mammals and occasionally in farmed or captive mammalian species, likely through contact with infected live or dead birds or their environments.
Since 2020, 12 human cases of avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus detections have been reported to WHO, four of which were severe cases and eight were mild or asymptomatic. It is unclear if the detection of the virus in these mild or asymptomatic cases resulted from infection or temporary contamination of the nasal passages. Most humans infected with A(H5N1) viruses have resulted from direct or indirect contact with infected live or dead poultry. Human infection with influenza A(H5N1) viruses can cause severe disease and is fatal in some cases.
Public health response
Response measures have been implemented by the national authorities in Poland. These include:
Under the guidance of the public health authorities in Poland, all owners of infected cats are provided with a health self-assessment questionnaire and requested to self-monitor for symptoms of influenza-like illness (ILI) or acute respiratory illness (ARI) for 10 days since last contact with infected cat. As of 12 July, 70 individuals who had been in contact with confirmed cats have completed self-monitoring and none reported symptoms.
Providing regular updates on the situation and sharing information and updates with partners, including international organizations.
Epizootic investigations are underway to understand the epidemiological situation in cats and the likely source of exposure of cats to the virus.
Preventive measures have been taken to prevent the occurrence of disease in humans by issuing publicly available general precautions for cat owners and individuals who have contact with sick animals suspected of avian influenza infection.
WHO continues to monitor the situation and work in close collaboration with the animal and public health sectors, regional agencies, FAO, WOAH, and other partner agencies in Poland and globally.
WHO is evaluating the existing candidate vaccine viruses (CVVs) of A(H5N1) through the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS) to ensure valid CVVs are developed and available for pandemic preparedness purposes.
WHO risk assessment
To date, human A(H5N1) infections following contact with an infected cat have not been documented. Avian Influenza A(H5N1) virus detections in humans remain unusual, and sustained human-to-human transmission has not been documented.
To date, no symptomatic human contact of infected cats has been reported in Poland despite potentially close contact between cats and owners, and the capacity to detect a human case in contact with an infected cat is adequate in the country.
Therefore, based on current information, the risk of human infections following exposure to infected cats at the national level is assessed as low for the general population, and low to moderate for cat owners and those occupationally exposed to A(H5N1)-infected cats (such as veterinarians) without the use of appropriate personal protective equipment.
Based on the current information, the risk for humans at the regional level is assessed as low, due to: i) avian influenza surveillance activities in animals in Europe being strengthened since September 2022, when the unprecedented geographical extent (37 European countries affected) resulted in 50 million poultry being culled in affected establishments; and (ii) Currently, there are no reported instances of human infection with the A(H5N1) virus acquired from cats, although A(H5N1) infection in domestic cats has been confirmed in Poland.
Due to the uncertainties related to this event, including the source of infection, the risk assessment may change.
WHO advice
The reports of these events do not change the current WHO recommendations on public health measures and surveillance of influenza.
Due to the constantly evolving nature of influenza viruses, WHO continues to stress the importance of global surveillance to detect and monitor virological, epidemiological and clinical changes associated with emerging or circulating influenza viruses that may affect human (or animal) health and timely virus-sharing for risk assessment.
All individuals exposed to animal influenza viruses, and all contacts of confirmed human cases, should monitor their health for the duration of the known exposure period with additional seven days at a minimum.
All those exposed to known infected poultry, wild birds or other animals, or to farms under suspicion, should be registered and placed under close monitoring by local health authorities. This will facilitate the early detection of illness and timely clinical case management. If a person is suspected of having zoonotic influenza, the health authorities must be notified, and appropriate clinical case management should be provided.
Public health and animal health authorities should collaborate closely in the areas of information sharing, joint risk assessment, and response to outbreaks of zoonotic influenza at the human-animal interface, adhering to the One Health approach.
FAO, WHO and WOAH have issued a joint situation analysis and advice to countries in relation to ongoing avian influenza outbreaks in animals and the risk posed to human health. FAO, WHO and WOAH continue to review the situation, monitoring the rapidly evolving nature of the virus, and updating recommendations for curbing its spread, in addition to working with countries in preparedness and response, and facilitating collaboration across countries and sectors. The spread of the virus to five continents speaks to the need for global cooperation and alertness to protect animals, people, and economies.
WHO does not recommend any restrictions on travel and/or trade with Poland based on available information on this event.
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Further information
Influenza at the human-animal interface summary and assessment, 31 May 2023. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/influenza-at-the-human-animal-interface-summary-and-assessment--31-may-2023
WHO Global influenza programme, human-animal interface: https://www.who.int/teams/global-influenza-programme/avian-influenza
WHO Monthly Risk Assessment Summary: Influenza at the human-animal interface: https://www.who.int/teams/global-influenza-programme/avian-influenza/monthly-risk-assessment-summary
Cumulative number of confirmed human cases for avian influenza A(H5N1) reported to WHO, 2003-2022, 31 May 2023. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/influenza/h5n1-human-case-cumulative-table/2023_may_tableh5n1.pdf?sfvrsn=934b4b02_3&download=true
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Bird flu in pets and other animals https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/avian-in-other-animals.htm
The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) , Investigation into the risk to human health of avian influenza (influenza A H5N1) in England: technical briefing 5 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/avian-influenza-influenza-a-h5n1-technical-briefings/investigation-into-the-risk-to-human-health-of-avian-influenza-influenza-a-h5n1-in-england-technical-briefing-5
WOAH. WAHIS report for Influenza A viruses of high pathogenicity (H5N1) in Poland. https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/4063
Case definitions for the four diseases requiring notification in all circumstances under the International Health Regulations (2005): https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/case-definitions-for-the-four-diseases-requiring-notification-to-who-in-all-circumstances-under-the-ihr-(2005)
Government of Poland. Chief Veterinary Inspectorate communication. 26 June 2023.https://www.wetgiw.gov.pl/main/komunikaty/Komunikat-III-GLW-w-sprawie-choroby-kotow/idn:2283
Government of Poland. Chief Veterinary Inspectorate communication. 28 June 2023. Komunikat IV GLW w sprawie choroby kotów | Główny Inspektorat Weterynarii (wetgiw.gov.pl)
WOAH Statement on avian influenza and mammals: https://www.woah.org/en/statement-on-avian-influenza-and-mammals/
OFFLU. First statement on infections with Avian Influenza A(H5N1) virus in cats in Poland. 28 June 2023. https://www.offlu.org/index.php/2023/06/28/offlu-statement-on-infections-with-avian-influenza-ah5n1-virus-in-cats-in-poland/
Chief Sanitary inspectorate of Poland Announcement regarding the detection of cases of infection among domestic cats caused by the influenza A/H5N1 virus/ https://www.gov.pl/web/gis/komunikat-w-zwiazku-ze-stwierdzeniem-przypadkow-infekcji-wsrod-kotow-domowych-spowodowanych-wirusem-grypy-ah5n1
FAO - Avian Influenza A(H5N1) virus infections detected in cats in Poland https://www.fao.org/animal-health/news-and-events/news/detail/en/c/1643432/
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My research paper aims to address three key research questions that focus on exploring the specific legal implications of COVID-19 on the international sale of goods and understanding how international trade laws and agreements have adapted to the challenges brought about by the pandemic.
1. What are the specific legal implications of COVID-19 on the international sale of goods?
2. How have international trade laws and agreements adapted to the challenges posed by the pandemic?
3. What are the implications for contract formation, performance, and remedies in international sales contracts due to COVID-19?
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Law and journalism I have read but it is not my research subject s.
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"Cardiac MRI is the most important noninvasive imaging modality for evaluation of myocarditis"
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To Dr Joseph Westaby
As I am not pathologist I don't know how you can differentiate which one is due to mRNA vaccine and which one is not morphologically with standard pathologist microscopy. As a clinician in order to detect I consider that you must probably use electron-microscopy for fibrocytes' morphologic evaluation !? Also I ask you why so much young people are dying out of blue after covid19 pandemy ? Obviously there must be reason for almost 25-30 million excess deaths !
Autopsy-based histopathological characterization of myocarditis after anti-SARS-CoV-2-vaccination (find below)
"While the incidence of sudden death from myocarditis in older adults is unknown, roughly 1-9% of deceased patients are found to have evidence of cardiac inflammation. However, in young adults, nearly 20% of sudden death cases are linked to myocarditis." Ref: https://www.myocarditisfoundation.org/research-and-grants/faqs/sudden-death-and-myocarditis/#:~:text=While%20the%20incidence%20of%20sudden,cases%20are%20linked%20to%20myocarditis.
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The size of the protein is 154KDa his-tagged. I have tried inducing with 0.5mM IPTG for 4hrs at 37 degrees. I have tried different strains BL21-De3 Gene X, shuffle T7, and artic but still no expression. I have also tried 25 degrees overnight. Any suggestions might be helpful.
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This is pretty common, since it is usually not efficient for E. coli to express protein with a size of more than 100 kDa, especially if contains many Cys residues as well.
If you think you have tried all necessary things for E. coli expression system, very likely you need to consider other expression systems such as yeast or insect cells.
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Hello all, appreciate your help as it is much needed. I am trying to understand whether my thesis should be a research paper or a case study. I want to study the effects of disruptive events of global supply chains and then focus on the retrospective of one company. Is this automatically a case study, or can I follow the structure of a research with literature review on the overall problem and then focus on interviewing points of contact of said company to gather my findings and propose a management model to help the company respond to disruption in the supply chain?
Thank you
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Case study. Interviewing points of contact. Literature review (comparative view).Management model proposal. This seems to me the best methodical sequence of steps, with respect to research logic, dear Petra Costa
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In recent years, number of vaccine have been approved to fight against Covid-19, list of approved is available at FDA site. We are looking for sequence of these vaccine (RNA sequence in case of mRNA vaccines and amino acid sequence in case of protein based vaccines. I will highly appreciate help of community in searching sequence of vaccines.
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Why does the Omicron VOC of SARS-CoV-2 not damage people's lungs as much as the Delta?
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Omicron VOC produces fewer damaging infections, often limited largely to the upper airway (the nose, throat, and windpipe). This variant causes less harm to the lungs, while previous variants would cause scarring and serious breathing difficulty.
The reason that Omicron is milder may be because of the anatomy. Studies have found that Omicron levels in the lungs were one-tenth or less of the level of other variants. In the lung samples, the researchers found that Omicron grew more slowly than Delta and other variants did.
A molecular explanation for why Omicron doesn’t fare so well in the lungs has been provided by researchers who state that many cells in the lung that carry a protein called trans-membrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) on their surface doesn’t grab on to Omicron very well. As a result, Omicron does a worse job of infecting cells in this manner than Delta does.
Studies have found that through an alternative route, coronaviruses can also slip into cells that don’t make TMPRSS2. Higher in the airway, cells tend not to carry this protein, which might explain the evidence that Omicron is found there more often than the lungs.
Omicron has switched its route of entry into human cells. This is likely to influence Omicron spread and the types of cells it can hijack. You may get more details in the link provided below.
Also, you may want to refer to the articles attached below for more information on this subject.
Best.
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Dear Researchers,
The COVID -19 pandemic caused by SARS CoV-2 is taking away many lives. Till now there is no approved vaccine to tackle this. Literatures and media are giving us information that it will take around 6 to 8 months more to get the vaccine. Besides, alternative medicines are getting attention to treat COVID-19. Will plant metabolites be the hope to get the therapeutics before other drugs or vaccines. How it is possible? Share your thinking, please.
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I published a short article back in 2021 in Academia Letters, titled ˝Can a Multi-Epitope Vaccine be a solution for COVID-19 pandemic˝?
Here is the abstract:
Problems associated with Wuhan spike protein-based vaccines are the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 strains that are more or less resistant to Wuhan spike protein-based vaccine-induced immunity, and toxicity of the spike protein (S protein alone can damage vascular endothelial cells). Multi-epitope vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, excluding the spike protein, could potentially be less toxic than Wuhan spike protein-based vaccines with less serious side effects, but still enough immunogenic to elicit protective immune response. Another potential benefit of a multi-epitope COVID-19 vaccine is that, taking into account the fact that most of the new SARS-CoV-2 strains carry significant new mutations in the spike protein and less significant mutations in other structural proteins of the virus, it could provide more potent immune response against new SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Link:
And now it is happening! I am so excited!
Researchers (Arieta et al) created a new multi-epitope vaccine.
Here is the abstract:
T-cell responses play an important role in protection against beta-coronavirus infections, including SARS-CoV-2, where they associate with decreased COVID-19 disease severity and duration. To enhance T-cell immunity across epitopes infrequently altered in SARS-CoV-2 variants, we designed BNT162b4, an mRNA vaccine component which is intended to be combined with BNT162b2, the spike-protein-encoding vaccine. BNT162b4 encodes variant-conserved, immunogenic segments of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid, membrane, and ORF1ab proteins, targeting diverse HLA alleles. BNT162b4 elicits polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses from diverse epitopes in animal models, alone or when co-administered with BNT162b2 while preserving spike-specific immunity. Importantly, we demonstrate that BNT162b4 protects hamsters from severe disease and reduces viral titers following challenge with viral variants. These data suggest that a combination of BNT162b2 and BNT162b4 could reduce COVID-19 disease severity and duration caused by circulating or future variants. BNT162b4 is currently being clinically evaluated in combination with the BA.4/BA.5 Omicron-updated bivalent BNT162b2 (NCT05541861).
Link:
Let me know what do you think!
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Covid-19 (and PostCovid) is a fully curable disease:
No need to waste yet more money and health personnel time on vaccines.
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As you are aware after getting a COVID-19 vaccine side effects can vary from person to person. some are having immediate effects which are expected and some are facing it till date.
Please write if u still face any such after 2 years of time.
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No feeling of any side effects after two years of Covid-19 vaccintions but improve the performance the daily requirements.
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Education is fundamental in society, and COVID-19 had a great impact on it. Online education has become essential for many students and teachers necessary to offer a quality education.
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From my experience, some very positive points of online teaching are the following:
  1. It forced traditional teachers to search for technology and explore new sources of information. Including the modernization of contents for your learning planning.
  2. It provided teachers with the opportunity to understand the new trends both in the construction of knowledge through research and in the management of knowledge itself, recognizing the importance of authorized and prestigious virtual libraries in the school and university world.
  3. Incorporate new elements into learning activities that make teaching more attractive and take advantage of those opportunities to translate into benefits for the community.
I work at the University of Delhi, India, at the beginning of the pandemic I quickly had to train myself in the use of social networks and in the design and development of virtual classrooms. At first, barely with WhatsApp, until the design and execution of virtual classrooms were achieved.
The biggest challenge is to adhere to the learning objectives and achieve practice with simulation situations and case studies, to somewhat replace what is best achieved in person.
Including activities that induce creativity, educate and inform the community, and give an artistic touch to the activities, have also been very positive using the abundant resources in the electronic medium.
The teaching of Health has represented a good opportunity to reach a larger population and make health promotion something more creative and attractive for the student population and the community.
I share with you two examples of the use of the YouTube platform: Doctorate in Medicine health fairs.
[1]Rameshwar Gupta*,
Research Scholar,
Department of Lifelong Learning & Extension
CSJM University, Kanpur, U.P. India
Whatsapp/Mobile: +918630831266
[1]Ph.D. Student, Department of Lifelong Learning & Extension, CSJM University, Kanpur, U.P., India, Email id: [email protected], Mobile: 8630831266, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3761-3591
*Single author
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Did the Covid 19 pandemic put the theory of international relations in a crisis of interpretation, or did it put it in front of the criteria of justification? Was Concy Wright right in his words about the total theory in international relations?
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Please find attached document
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The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020, and announced the END of public health emergency of international concern on May 5, 2023. However, Covid-19 continues to spread, and the virus is evolving and remains a global health threat  with continued vulnerabilities in our communities.
Get a chance to win one of four 50$ gift cards by answering this 5 minute survey. It's part of a project titled ‘Vaccine Community Innovation Challenge’ guided by the Public Health Agency of Canada, in order to increase COVID-19 booster shot awareness. Prize winners will be announced at the end of the campaign.
The questions are general; answers are confidential and used for statistical analysis only.
Click here to start the survey: https://lnkd.in/esZyWF4N
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COVID19 Pandemic two years with SWOT analysis of selected countries
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Moderna claims that detection of Covid19 Anti-Spike IgG antibody found in the lungs of Rhesus Macaques (that have high natural immunity against the virus) was evidence that the Spike Protein antibodies resulting from jabs in the arm circulated in Blood and somehow penetrated the Blood-Lung Barrier.
However there is an interesting paper from very early in 2019 that shows Anti-Spike IgG causes Severe Acute Lung Injury by skewing macrophage responses.
A doctor named Joseph Lee has challenged Dr Fauci, the editor of New England Journal of Medicine and many other scientists, plus the mRNA jab manufacturers to prove that the insides of lungs are protected by their LNP delivered materials.
He reports that they don't give satisfactory replies to his questions about the Blood Lung Barrier and has offered a reward for any proof via Twitter.
His website carries useful details.
Could Alveolar Macrophages be a conduit for antibodies?
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The ability of large molecule antibodies, produced in response to synthetic GMO mRNA infiltration, to cross the blood-air barrier and protect the lungs from Covid-19 is uncertain. While antibodies can be effective in neutralizing viral particles, the blood-air barrier is a specialized interface designed to protect the delicate lung tissue. The passage of large molecules, such as antibodies, through this barrier is generally limited. However, advancements in drug delivery systems and nanotechnology may offer potential strategies to enhance the delivery of therapeutic agents across this barrier. It is important to note that the specific characteristics and mechanisms of synthetic GMO mRNA and the resulting antibody response would need to be thoroughly studied and validated to determine their ability to cross the blood-air barrier and provide protection against Covid-19 in the lungs.
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How long is going to take for IgM antibodies to fade following vaccination against COVID-19
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The duration for which IgM antibodies last after vaccination against COVID-19 can vary from person to person. IgM antibodies are typically the first type of antibodies produced by the immune system in response to an infection or vaccination. However, their presence tends to be temporary, usually persisting for a few weeks to a couple of months.
For COVID-19 vaccination, most vaccines primarily induce the production of IgG antibodies, which provide longer-lasting immunity compared to IgM antibodies. IgM antibodies, if present after COVID-19 vaccination, are often transient and gradually wane over time.
It's important to note that the specific duration of IgM antibody presence after COVID-19 vaccination may depend on factors such as the individual's immune response, the vaccine type, and the specific characteristics of the vaccine formulation. Ongoing research is being conducted to better understand the duration and dynamics of antibody responses following COVID-19 vaccination.
It's worth mentioning that while IgM antibodies may decline, the immune system's memory B cells and T cells continue to play a crucial role in maintaining long-term immunity against COVID-19. These cells can recognize the virus and mount a rapid immune response upon re-exposure, even in the absence of detectable levels of IgM antibodies.
To determine the duration of immunity and the need for booster shots, researchers and health authorities are closely monitoring vaccinated individuals and conducting studies to evaluate antibody responses and immune memory over extended periods of time.
If you have specific concerns about your antibody response after COVID-19 vaccination, it is recommended to consult with healthcare professionals or refer to guidance from reputable health organizations.
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Cognitive impairment following COVID-19 is described in the research literature. Is there evidence for therapy to address deficits for long COVID?
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doi: 10.1002/alz.12644. Epub 2022 Mar 17.. 2022 May;18(5):1047-1066.Alzheimers Dement
Changes in cognitive functioning after COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Lucia Crivelli 1, Katie Palmer 2 3, Ismael Calandri 1, Alla Guekht 4, Ettore Beghi 5, William Carroll 6, Jennifer Frontera 7, David García-Azorín 8, Erica Westenberg 9, Andrea Sylvia Winkler 10, Francesca Mangialasche 2 3, Ricardo F Allegri 1 11, Miia Kivipelto 2 3 12 13 14
  • DOI: 10.1002/alz.12644
Free PMC article, check this paper out!
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This year is known as the "Black swan of 2020" and created a mystifying situation before entrepreneurs. Now entrepreneurs should take it as an opportunity to start new ventures and rethink and restrategize to fight back. I am interested to know about your views specifically tourism, Banking, food and beverages, and education sectors.
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The economic problem facing any society . . . is primarily that of how, in a world of incessant changes in tastes, resource availabilities, and technological possibilities, to generate mutually sustaining expectations on the part of agents in the economy, such that (a) the series of actions taken are in fact able to be completed as planned, and (b) that that series of actions tends to reveal and exhaust all the available opportunities for social economic gain.
Israel Kirzner
Conclusion:
It is all about alertness, discovering market gaps and meeting unmet needs.
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The Covid-19 pandemic is coming to an end around the world and now is the time to analyze its impact on all institutions of society one of the most interesting to study in our opinion is education. A large number of researchers note that during the quarantine restrictions and online learning, the process of incorrect borrowing and violation of the principles of academic integrity has increased significantly. Also at the end of 2022, neural networks based on artificial intelligence received wide publicity and application, which also raises many questions in the field of maintaining academic integrity.
We would love to hear your thoughts and recommendations on maintaining the principles of academic integrity in the student community in 2023.
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I work with children with autism, and during the Covid-19 period we were working remotely and this had a good effect on some children in learning through the parents and the family, but it had a negative impact on others as some families do not work on training the children This training is given to both the teacher and staff. But the institution was very keen to provide the service in the best way and to the fullest and without stopping.
From my point of view, I believe that in the event of exceptional circumstances such as these, our solutions must be alternative, and the constant search for alternatives must be non-stop.But I always like to work face to face
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Regarding your personal experience with COVID-19
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Long Covid ie memory difficulties and cardiac arrhythmia. My joint discomfort in hands has resolved. My symptoms started at the very onset of Covid in North America. It is possible the cardiac symptoms are simply age related rather than Covid.
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I recently read you thesis, The Concept of the Ascent of Prayer by Sixteenth-century
Jerusalem Kabbalist, R. Joseph ibn Zayyah. Question: Does Zayyah discuss in his Perush le-Tefilah the meaning of the six Mahs [Who are we? What is our Life, etc] in the prayer Ribbon Ha'Olamim located before the first Shema? Are you familiar with additional explanations of the six Mahs?
Unfortunately, due to the Covid-19 pandemic libraries are closed and I cannot travel due to recent cardiac surgery and my age. Any assistance would be appreciated.
Thank you.
Michael Alter
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At the presentation '' Who are we''it depends on individual existence ,development ,with every individual are receiving the creation of his identity & presentation . This may offer the creative justice for himself .With this for individual life some years back I have expressed my views in my presentation which I submit herewith for your perusal
''It is not pessimistic view. Otherwise it has also been said we are architect of our own fortune. We know we our life & as such we are creator of our own life & in his line our life not in our hand appears to be contradictory .
This is my personal opinion
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Dear colleagues kindly help me out
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Dear Abdulla,
I have found several articles that are related to the topic you are interested in. Here they are for your reference. Enjoy your reading!
1. Emerging Immune Biomarkers for Prognosing the Outcome of COVID-19 Patients
2. Comparative Immunological Analysis of Vaccinated Versus Recovered COVID-19 Patients
3. Molecular Comparison of Recovered and Vaccinated COVID-19 Patients
4. Transcriptomic Profiling of Recovered and Vaccinated COVID-19 Patients: Insights from a Comparative Analysis
5. Comparison of Immune-Related Genes of Recovered and Vaccinated COVID-19 Patients
6. Altered Innate Immune and Inflammatory Responses in Response to Vaccine Versus Natural Infection of COVID-19
7. Serological and Molecular Evaluation of Vaccinated and Recovered SARS-CoV-2 Patients
8. A Comprehensive Comparison of Vaccinated versus Recovered COVID-19 Patients
9. Comparative Immunological Evaluation of Vaccinated and Naturally Recovered COVID-19 Patients
10. Differential Analysis of Immuno-molecular Parameters Between Vaccinated and Naturally Recovered SARS-CoV-2 Patients
Best regards, Saif
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What child social development support programmes, child psychological support programmes are being developed in relation to the increasing scale of psychological problems in children, which have significantly worsened since March 2020, i.e. since the lockdowns, national quarantines, universal e-learning, social distancing in public places, etc., introduced during the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic?
At the beginning of May 2023, the World Health Organisation lifted the state of global epidemiological emergency associated with Covid-19. In Poland, the state of heightened epidemiological emergency associated with Covid-19 is not due to be lifted until the end of June 2023. This is likely to increase the scale of ongoing research into the various secondary effects of the Covid-19 pandemic, both the post-pandemic, post-vaccine health effects, then also the social and economic effects, including, for example, on the issue of rising inflation from 2021 generated by the introduction of a large amount of additional money into the economy during the Covid-19 pandemic, which was mainly intended to limit the scale of the increase in unemployment caused by the introduced lockdowns. In Poland, the PIS government is mainly responsible for the deterioration of children's mental state, which unreflectively and without applied research and public consultation introduced large-scale lockdowns imposed on selected sectors of the economy, national quarantines, universal e-learning, social distancing in public places, etc. ... and even a ban on entering forests during part of the period of wave 1 of the pandemic.
From mid-2022 onwards, more and more comparative studies began to appear, which compared internationally the question of the correlation between the rate of development of the pandemic, the number of deaths categorised as caused by the severe Covid-19 disease state and the occurrence of co-morbidities, usually in more than 90 per cent of cases, and the so-called 'anti-pandemic safety instruments' introduced to varying degrees in individual countries. The results of the study did not confirm the findings of the study, which was based on the results of the research carried out by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). The results of the research carried out did not support the thesis regarding the validity of the
of the lockdowns introduced during the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic as an instrument to significantly reduce the level of mortality caused solely by the severe Covid-19 condition, exclusively, i.e. by subtracting the factor of co-morbidities. In some countries, the generating factors of specific comorbidities were key influential determinants shaping mortality levels. For example, in Poland, where, due to the government's neglect and deliberate slowing down and blocking of the development of renewable energy sources in recent years, more than three quarters of energy is still produced by the technologically backward dirty power industry based on burning hard coal and lignite, which generates the worst air quality in cities during heating periods compared to Europe and the world. This poor air quality, determined by high levels of particulate matter (PM 2.5, PM 10, etc.), is the source of premature deaths, estimated at around 50 000 people, i.e. deaths caused by respiratory and other diseases resulting from high levels of air pollution. Such diseases are examples of diseases coexisting with Covid-19, which were compounding factors in the level of mortality qualified as caused by these diseases in combination with Covid-19 during the pandemic. In the government-led pandemic risk management process, different structures were adopted to prioritise safety on the one hand for health and on the other hand also for socio-economic safety. Different solutions were adopted in the countries in terms of the applied anti-pandemic safety and anti-crisis instruments with regard to the economy. Consequently, the effects of these measures were also not the same. The economic impact of the coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19) and the applied anti-pandemic instruments also varied significantly between the various different industries and sectors of the economy.
These systemic anti-pandemic measures mainly benefited the technology sectors, companies operating on the Internet, businesses developing e-commerce, courier companies, state-owned companies receiving additional government contracts for the production of anti-pandemic assortments, e.g. hand disinfectant fluids, production of protective masks, etc. On the other hand, there were many more companies and enterprises, mainly operating in the service sectors, which were subject to lockdowns and suffered severe financial losses, some going out of business because of them, which in macroeconomic terms generated a deep recession of the economy during the 1st wave of the pandemic. However, as it later turned out, there were many more problems caused by such anti-pandemic socio-economic policies. Among these various secondary effects of the negative and particularly socially significant problems generated by the misguided antipandemic socio-economic policy, one stands out the increasing scale of psychological problems in children, which have significantly worsened since March 2020, i.e. since the lockdowns introduced during the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic, national quarantines, universal e-learning, social distancing in public places, etc., and have been exacerbated by the controversial pseudo-reforms applied to the education system over the past few years. In Poland, this problem is very serious. This is confirmed, inter alia, by the data on the growing scale of child suicides in the period from 2020 to 2022. Lockdowns, national quarantines, universal e-learning, social distancing in public places, etc., introduced and applied on a large scale during the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic in Poland, have caused disorders in the social development of children and adolescents. In view of this, it is essential to create and develop programmes to support the social development of children, programmes of psychological assistance for children, which should prevent the growing scale of psychological problems in children.
In view of the above, I address the following question to the Honourable Community of scientists and researchers:
What programmes of support for children's social development, programmes of psychological assistance for children are being developed in connection with the increasing scale of problems of a psychological nature in children, which have significantly worsened since March 2020, i.e. since the lockdowns introduced during the coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19), national quarantines, universal e-learning, social distancing in public places, etc.?
What child development support programmes, child welfare programmes are being developed in relation to the increasing scale of mental health problems in children?
And what is your opinion on this topic?
What is your opinion on this subject?
Please respond,
I invite you all to discuss,
Thank you very much,
Best wishes,
Dariusz Prokopowicz
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Knowing and doings are different things far from each other.
Parenting is very challenging, and regret is very painful. The system fails, and force fail innocent and knowledgeable ones.
After tremendous endurance, Wake up and realised, failure enforced upon me, despite hardest, full effort dedication and attentions... Love fails.. love is weak and only to walk ., Delicate..
Sincerely with pain,
Fatema
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For a research on a psychotherapeutic intervention for health care employees in the face of COVID-19 I am looking for the Nursing Stress Scale or a similar instrument to measure stress in nursing-staff. It would be great if anyone could help me.
Thank you :)
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In the same situation, let me know about the email or most important contact?
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Regarding to the question (covid-19 is a natural virus or created by human) who we can realize the fact of this issue?
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No way to create a virus or a bacterium, that is only the discovery is possible to researcher. Creation is only by The Creator!! Cheers.
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(PDF) Correlation of COVID-19 US Map and US Geoelectric field Map. First impression, Facts, and Hypotheses (researchgate.net)
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Your link is broken, here is what I assume is the correct URL:
First, you would have to establish that change in magnetic field measured in nanoteslas would cause any biological effect ( remember the 'cell phones causing cancer fad a while back"? The US Navy did a study of life time cancer prevalence of military specialties like electrical technicians, power network maintainers, who had exposures several orders of magnitude more than the ordinary population, and they were actually healthier ). The most intense magnetic field an ordinary person encounters is from an MRI: "Perhaps the safest component of the MRI exam is the static magnetic field. By examination of the current literature, and within the limits of our knowledge, the only health hazards significantly associated with the exposure to static magnetic fields are related to the presence of ferromagnetic materials or cardiac pacemakers in patients."
Nanoteslas, an MRI is between 1.5T and up to 7.0T ( GE ). I get a 1000x change in exposure simply by stepping closer to a microwave.
The second is the 'appearance' of the COVID mapping. The appearance is based on the areas of the counties that make up the map. See "Empirical Studies on the Visual Perception of Spatial Patterns in Choropleth Maps", Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information ( https://bit.ly/3LBT5eh ). Basically “dark-is-more bias” (i.e., the intuitive ranking of color lightness), the “area-size bias” (i.e., the neglect of small areas, since these are less dominant in perception than larger ones). The map shows 'areas', so units should be 'whatever' per area. If one wants to use 'rate' as the input variable, it should be converted using the population density for the given area. For a Untied States map, it's 'made worse' because the areas have a lot of variation at the state and county levels:
- Los Angeles County alone has 10 million people, (roughly) more than ten US states combined ( Wyoming, Vermont, Alaska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Delaware, Rhode Island, Montana, Maine, New Hampshire ), - - Kalawao County is 12 sq miles and San Bernardino County 20,105 sq mi. So when some one is interpreting a map and making comparisons, and areas are the basis, it is things ( events, pop counts, bushels, etc. ) per area so comparisons can be made.
The US Census has gridded population count maps of the US to avoid this issue.
The third is the totally incommensurable units in time, resolution, sampling, space and interval, etc. Did you read the documentation of the accumulation of Covid statistics? Especially latency from actual infection, patient admitted, a diagnosis made, cases for the health facility, then reporting up through the various levels until a final statistics? At one point the delay ranged from 1 week to 8 weeks or more, depending on the jurisdiction, now it is about 1 to 2 weeks. Most of the cases are in a very small area of the Covid map ( https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2017/10/big-and-small-counties.html ) ... and one-fifth of COVID-19 infections are asymptomatic throughout the course of infection (NIH), and not everybody that had symptoms became an official statistic.
I could similarly address the NOAA map - did you notice where the measuring stations were located and the interpolation method used to generate the heatmap? There is considerable literature around 'Cognitive Cartography', and how well people can compare similarities and differences and how to experiment with that ( https://m.xkcd.com/2256/ ) - in general, people are terrible at it.
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EPO levels were significantly lower in critical and deceased Covid-19 patients:
Suggested treatment for both Covid-19 and LongCovid: rhEPO :
Signs, symptoms and co-morbidities in PostCovid indicate continued EPO deficiency:
Pathogenesis : the immune response to the virus is so strong (with inflammatory cytokines), that it damages the kidneys EPO production.
Inflammatory cytokines
TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL1B, IL6, IL17A ... (etc.) all suppress EPO:
Figure 1:
arrow direction = "increase of") EPO treatment would move "Covid-19" to the right in the figure. It follows that too much EPO can be harmful - at the far right in the figure.
There could be further causes of EPO deficiency:
Obesity, diabetes and pain in the joints
Muscle pain, exercise intolerance, lack of energy and mitochondria
Lack of energy - red blood cells
EPO regulates the lives and deaths of red blood cells.
The primary effect of EPO is increased number of red blood cells and thereby increased oxygen uptake, which is much needed in severe cases of Covid-19 - and in LongCovid.
EPO is the natural inhibitor of the Sphingomyelinase-Ceramide-Pathway :
(Hemoglobin is measured in gram per liter or deciliter blood. It says nothing about blood volume, how many liter of blood the patient has. There is a reason for, that most LongCovid patients look pale).
HDL-Cholesterol deficiency, lipids and thrombosis
EPO inhibits (/regulates) NF-kappaB and thereby reduce TNF-alpha:
Co-aministration of thrombolytic therapy and rhEPO should be avoided:
Complement system and Micro-amyloid-fibrinogen-clots
EPO regulates the Complement system:
The micro amyloid fibrinogen clots are yet another sign of erythropoietin deficiency in LongCovid :
And EPO treatment is how to get rid of them :
Decreased platelet activation through glycoprotein VI
Endothelial dysfunction and heart disease
Hypocortisolemia
... caused by EPO-deficiency, inflammatory stress and maybe corticosteroid treatment.
Erythropoietin negatively regulates pituitary ACTH secretion :
"Prolonged or exaggerated stress response may perpetuate cortisol dysfunction, widespread inflammation, and pain." :
Hair Loss
Brain fog and demyelinaton
As mentioned above ("Lack og energy - red bloodcells") is EPO essential for sphingomyelin, and the same goes for myelin:
Erythropoietin re-wires cognition-associated transcriptional networks:
Introducing the brain erythropoietin circle to explain adaptive brain hardware upgrade and improved performance :
Microglia activation and neuroinflammation
Brain erythropoietin fine-tunes a counterbalance between neurodifferentiation and microglia in the adult hippocampus:
An effective erythropoietin dose regimen protects against severe nerve injury-induced pathophysiological changes with improved neural gene expression and enhances functional recovery:
EPO prevents neuroinflammation and relieves depression via JAK/STAT signaling :
Depression and other mental disorders
Cognitive impairment in children
EPO is essential for brain development:
Blood-brain-barrier
Blood–brain barrier disruption and sustained systemic inflammation in individuals with long COVID-associated cognitive impairment:
The relationship between erythropoietin pretreatment with blood–brain barrier and lipid peroxidation after ischemia/reperfusion in rats
Erythropoietin protects against hemorrhagic blood–brain barrier disruption through the effects of aquaporin-4
Loss of or distorted taste
EPO is vital for the maintenance of both myelin and sphingomyelin.
Blindness
Inhibiting Ceramide synthesis preserves photoreceptor viability and functionality :
Hearing loss
EPO ↔ Melatonin ↔ Serotonin ↔ EPO --> dopamine
and insomnia
(they mutually increase one another)
Fatty liver
Alcohol intolerance
Kidney damage
Recombinant human erythropoietin reduces rhabdomyolysis-induced acute renal failure in rats
Erythropoietin protects against rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury by modulating macrophage polarization
Inflammation and lung tissue damage
(Not meaning that inflammation is only in lungs)
Autoimmunity
CD8+ T cells and activation of T-cell receptor heterodimers
”NIH-funded study suggests need to boost CD8+ T cell response after infection.”:
Mitochondrial dysfunction, viral persistence and deficient phagocytosis
With "exhausted" CD8+ T cells, it is worth remembering that immune cells also have mitochondria, and they need energy to do their job:
SARS-CoV-2 fragments may cause problems after infection:
Correction of Deficient Phagocytosis During Erythropoietin Treatment in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients:
Gut microbiota dysbiosis
Iron dysregulation
Iron dysregulation and inflammatory stress erythropoiesis associates with long-term outcome of COVID-19:
Dysautonomia and POTS
The causes of these conditions are not fully known/understood/agreed upon. But many very likely explanatory factors have been mentioned in the above.
Erythropoietin in Autonomic Failure:
"These patients also have a significant reduction in plasma erythropoietin":
Sexual and reproductive function
Men
Endothelial Dysfunction in Erectile Dysfunction:
In male patients sexual desire, frequency of sexual intercourse was strengthened after rhEPO therapy:
Women
Improvement of sexual function was remarkable in female patients:
Why women more often suffer from LongCovid ?
Adult females mount stronger innate and adaptive immune responses than males: https://www.nature.com/articles/nri.2016.90
This means a stronger EPO-TNFalpha imbalance.
Estrogen suppresses and testosterone increases the production of EPO in the kidneys:
This makes a threshold for younger to middle age female patients to recover their own EPO-production, while in particular younger men quickly recover from or don't get Covid-19 and rarely suffer from LongCovid.
Insights into early recovery from Long COVID—results from the German DigiHero Cohort:
This may thus also explain the age-distribution in LongCovid.
Racial/ethnic differences
Conclusion
EPO deficiency is "the common denominator" in both LongCovid and in Covid-19.
Covid-19 and LongCovid are immunologic, hematologic, metabolic, neurologic and endocrinologic diseases.
That sounds complicated, but it is all due to deficiency of a single substance, that stands ready in our common medicine cabinet.
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I found this article, that I also have added above, as I think it is highly relevant.
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Dear colleauges. Greetings. Is it possible that after having alteration of amino acid in Covid-19 , we got a new clade?
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So we can say it is a new clade?
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I am conducting qualitative research on teachers' perceptions about the impact of covid-19 pandemic on their performance.
How do draft the survey questionnaires to collect the data.
I need help with the sampling questions.
Thank you.
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Adeyo Samuels has a lot of great ideas. Define your population, sample, and size. Bigger is not always better. Fewer, more indepth questions and a follow up is better.
All unstructured/semistructured interviews or first focus groups? Decide on what you want to know. All these issues go back to your aims and methodology (e.g., a grounded theory study will be vastly different than a phenomenology study, etc.)
By perceptions, what do you want to know? Look both at the COVID-education literature and the broader field.
Pilot your interview questions after carefully crafting them [can include initial analysis of the practice interview to see if you get the information you want and if questions are clear]. Consider techniques to improve the questions, such as the Delphi technique, interviewing/reviewers of outside experts, etc. Chenille has other ideas. I will review your guide if you asked.
Here could be the simple way to start. "Tell me about teaching during COVID." Then ask probing questions and inquire about best/worst experiences and "tell me more." Avoid why questions!
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Due to this pandemic severe crisis occurred throughout the world. Human hunger indexed has been increased due to this pandemic.
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It is likely that the Covid-19 pandemic will have a long-term impact on food consumption. Here are some reasons why this could happen:
1. Health Concerns: The pandemic has highlighted the importance of good health and disease prevention. People might be more mindful of their diet and prefer healthier foods to boost their immune system.
2. Changes in shopping habits: The pandemic has also changed the way people buy their food. Online shopping and home deliveries have increased dramatically, which could change the way food companies sell and distribute their products.
3. Concern for sustainability: The pandemic has also highlighted the importance of sustainability and food security. Consumers may be more concerned about where food comes from and how it is produced.
4. Changes in food preferences: Finally, the pandemic could change people's food preferences. People might be less likely to eat foods that have been linked to transmission of the virus, such as raw foods or self-serve buffets.
However, it is important to note that the long-term impacts of the pandemic on food consumption will depend on many factors, including the evolution of the pandemic itself, government policies, technological innovations and consumer preferences.
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I am doing qualitative studies; can anyone help me with how to draft a questionnaire to collect information about the impact of covid-19 on teachers' performance.
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I support the views of Prof.Dr.Charles.
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I am pleased to share that our paper entitled “Did Outside Directors’ Firm-specific Accumulated Knowledge Benefit the Firm’s Stock Performance during COVID-19?” has just been accepted for publication in Australian Journal of Management!
I co-authored this paper with Dr Dharmendra Naidu from Monash University in Australia.
Our research contributes to “the role of corporate governance in enhancing firm performance during a crisis…Our research is the first to show how prior social interactions between outside directors and inside directors over their tenure positively contributed to firm performance during COVID-19 crisis. We contribute by advocating on the relevance of outside directors’ accumulated knowledge about the firm to decision making during COVID-19 crisis.”
We add to the prior literature “by examining the effect of outside directors’ internal social capital on their utilization of firm-specific human capital during the COVID-19 collapse period.”
“Our results suggest that outside directors’ board tenure around 10 to 13 years was optimal during the COVID-19 collapse period. Our results are also relevant to regulators and stakeholders of firms in the Asia-Pacific region including Australia because recent studies using Australian firms show that their average board tenure is around 6 years”, (Naidu and Ranjeeni, 2023).
#Research #OutsideDirectors #AccumulatedKnowledge #BoardTenure #FirmPerformance #StockPerformance #CapitalMarkets #COVID19 #HumanCapital #InternalSocialCapital #AustralianJournalofManagement #AJM #Publication
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Almost a year into the pandemic, nearly every business in the world has been affected by COVID-19, but performance has varied widely, even within countries and industries. Data collected through World Bank surveys provide some glimpses into why and how this might be relevant for policy.
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Post COVID-19 environment will be unbearable. Under this scenario, we must explore & exploit the embedded & dormant opportunities as well as resources to the greater extent possible without jeopardizing the mother Earth.
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I’ve planned and organized over 87 international academic conferences and workshops during my 25+ years of experience as a professional conference organizer. During this time, I’ve learned the crucial steps of planning and managing the submission process for abstracts and full papers.
I am writing this blog post at the suggestion of academicians who are members of a scientific committee organizing their 35th international academic conference. They were unaware of the current state of conference management software and how easily it can manage the scientific part of an academic conference, eliminating most gaps through the automated process. They were spending valuable time and effort to create error-free conference programs and books of abstracts.
I apologize for the length of this article and for taking up your time. I’ll dive into the details as suggested by the scientific committee’s academicians.
Before diving in, I want to take a moment to inform you that we have developed Meetinghand Abstract Submission Management Solution to address most challenges facing academic conference planners. So, if you wish to learn more about Meetinghand, please contact with us..
Before setting up the conference submission form and starting to collect abstracts, I always consider the following issues;
- How to encourage authors to submit their works easily? - How to manage the evaluation process easily? - How to notify authors? - How to keep the abstracts updated from start to finish? - How to add the abstracts to the conference agenda easily? - How to prepare an error-free book of abstracts and keep it up to date? - As well as, how to check the authors' registration status?
I will try to proceed through questions in a manner similar to "five Ws and one H" for a better convey of the important points and not clash with the inquisitive nature of academic readers.
Please keep in mind that I will approach the subject from a broader perspective using the term “conference” to include most types of academic events such as congresses, workshops, seminars, symposia, and training courses.
You can create your custom checklist to suit your exact needs, and even email me for help or suggestions, as each event may be unique.
As a general rule, I always consider;
- The next step, without forgetting that our end goal is always to go forward, without getting lost in the maze. - What encourages authors to submit their works? - How can authors submit their papers more easily?
Here are the questions that I bring to the table of the scientific committee and the conference organizers, as well as my suggestions.
What are the main objectives and considerations for organizing a conference and managing its scientific framework?
What are the main objectives you aim to achieve for the conference?
Various goals can be pursued, such as creating a scientifically high-quality conference program, gathering numerous abstracts, attracting a high number of participants, collecting full papers, and publishing proceedings.
However, achieving all these goals may not be easy. Therefore, it’s crucial to clarify the most important (final) goal of collecting abstracts, as it will shape the approach moving forward.
Are you planning to publish conference proceedings?
Some conferences publish proceedings in formats such as conference books, special journal issues, books of full papers, or extended abstracts. Publishing conference proceedings is recommended if previous conferences have done so, as attendees might expect it. However, this requires significant effort and in-depth review and may include detailed methodologies, analysis, results, and discussion of the presented research. If it is necessary, consider publishing it as a special issue of a scientific journal through a win-win partnership, as they usually have greater experience in this field.
What information will you include in the call for abstracts?
It is recommended to keep the email announcement message concise, containing only a brief overview of the conference theme, a link to the conference webpage, social and academic benefits of attending, logos of organizer and supporter institutions, and using friendly language.
On the conference webpage, expand the information by adding important dates, scientific topics, presentation types, submission, evaluation, and notification processes clearly, and a brief note about the abstract format, such as word limits.
Will you ask the invited speakers to submit an abstract?
It is suggested to gather abstracts from invited speakers and include them in the book of abstracts to increase their perceived value. Invited speakers play a key role in attracting attendees, enhancing visibility, and increasing the conference’s impact.
What deadlines should you set for abstract submission?
When determining the abstract submission deadlines, consider the conference dates, the time required for authors to prepare their abstracts, and the time needed to create and announce the conference program.
Generally, conference planners declare the following deadlines:
- Abstract submission start date, - Abstract submission deadline, - Evaluation results announcement date,
⁠- Author registration and payment deadline.
It's important to note that organizers may have a tendency to prolong the deadlines as participants often anticipate it. Allowing a longer submission period for poster presentations can be beneficial since they are generally easier to manage and schedule within the conference program.
What presentation types should you consider?
Oral and poster presentations are the basic presentation types. Workshops, panel sessions, roundtable discussions, and research forums are some of the popular types. However, virtual presentations gained popularity during the COVID-19 pandemic due to their cost-saving advantages.
Dr. Arber suggests including PechaKucha as a presentation format, bridging the gap between traditional poster and oral presentation formats. This format likely appeals to younger generations and early career researchers, as it aligns with modern technology and fast-paced communication styles.
Additionally, offering a "Poster, if not Oral" option provides flexibility when constructing the conference agenda and helps satisfy authors’ preferences.
How many abstracts should each author be allowed to submit?
Assessing the conference program to determine how many presentation slots are available and how many abstracts have been received at previous conferences is important to define the submission limits for each participant.
Conference planners commonly accept more abstracts than available slots for various reasons, such as:
- Approximately 25% of the accepted abstracts may not pay the registration fee or might withdraw later due to different reasons. The deadline for author payments is crucial in this regard.
- Adding parallel rooms or reducing the oral presentation time from 20 minutes to 15 minutes can result in a 25% increase in presentation capacity.
But no need to worry. Because usually many creative and practical solutions will emerge to address the issue of having more submissions and participants than anticipated.
How to build and structure an abstract form? Step-by-step checklist
Should you collect abstracts in a single format?
Considering the scientific scope of the conference and the potential attendees, it is important to ensure the abstract submission format and requirements match the expertise level of the participants. It may be necessary to collect submissions in different formats and provide scientific abstract examples. However, if the conference and attendees are not dealing with specialized technical or niche subjects, it is highly recommended to use a single abstract format and keep it as simple as possible.
Will you collect the abstracts in text or file format?
It is generally recommended to gather abstracts in text format and full papers in file formats. Collecting abstracts as text can save time and effort by enabling an automated process for:
- Styling the content, such as font type, font size, and the use of uppercase or lowercase letters.
- Applying required submission rules, such as word limits, title length, affiliations, and keywords.
- Allowing authors to make necessary updates.
- Helping organizers and reviewers track the abstract updates and versions easily.
- Keeping the conference agenda updated.
- Simplifying the abstract submission process for authors.
- Exporting abstracts and content of the book of abstracts error-free.
- Avoiding common mistakes made by authors.
- Standardizing the appearance of abstracts with formatting rules.
- Making the review process easier and more effective.
- Implementing a 'what you see is what you get' approach for authors, reviewers, and organizers.
- Notifying authors personally and delivering acceptance letters and documents.
To emphasize the importance of the abstract submission format, consider this analogy: Collecting abstracts as text (instead of files) is similar to using an abstract management platform (instead of email), which significantly reduces manual work and errors.
Should you provide a guideline for abstract formatting?
Providing authors with a concise guideline will inform them about the appearance and content of the abstract, including aspects like scope, methodology, and length.
However, it is often unnecessary to provide an abstract template for the abstract format, as abstract submission forms not only guide and demonstrate the expected format but also ensure that authors meet the abstract requirements.
Do you require submitters to select scientific topics of the conference?
Asking authors to choose a relevant scientific topic can help organizers efficiently assign each submission to the appropriate reviewer and session in the conference program. Additionally, setting up an "other" topic option can help you in identifying abstracts that may not align with the scope of the scientific conference, offering insights into potential subjects for future conferences.
What information should be requested from the authors in the abstract submission form?
The abstract submission form is an online tool used by conference organizers to collect abstracts from potential presenters or participants. It is essential to keep the abstract submission form simple and straightforward, focusing on collecting the required information and formatting the abstract correctly.
Key pieces of information to request include:
- The scientific topic related to the abstract,
- The preferred presentation type (e.g., oral, poster, PechaKucha, poster if not oral, etc.),
- The abstract title,
- The authors of the abstract, including their affiliations, presenter and corresponding authors, and author order,
- The abstract content, including minimum and maximum word limits, options for adding figures and tables, and other relevant details,
- Keywords describing the abstract content,
- References cited in the abstract,
From a different perspective, consider gathering additional information alongside the abstract. This data can help determine the conference program session placement and select an appropriate reviewer for evaluation.
Using a powerful and flexible abstract submission form that enables effective information collection and management is crucial, as well as converting and publishing the information in a standardized, searchable, linkable, and well-organized book of abstracts.
What author information should you request in the abstract submission form?
It is typically recommended to ask for the author’s name, surname, and affiliation. The affiliation basically includes institution, department, city, and country. You may also collect the contact information of the abstract’s authors to reach out to them and invite them to participate. Incorporating these small actions can help improve the overall experience for conference organizers and attendees.
What additional questions related to the abstract's presenter you may ask?
Gathering extra information about the abstract's presenter may simplify the management process. Here are some potential questions to consider:
- Would you like to participate in the poster competition?
- Would you like your abstract to be included in the book of abstracts?
- Are you willing to serve as a reviewer for other abstracts in your area of expertise?
- Do you require any special equipment for your presentation?
How long should the abstracts be?
It is recommended to set a minimum of 200 words and a maximum of 1000 words limit for the length of abstracts. This range allows for effective evaluation of the abstract by reviewers and organizers. Additionally, this length is suitable for placing each abstract on a single page, which facilitates easy export or conversion of collected abstract submissions into a well-designed book of abstracts.
What are common mistakes authors make in abstract submissions, and how can you address them?
There are several common mistakes that authors make while submitting their abstracts, which was the main motivation of development MeetingHand abstract management solution. These common mistakes can be addressed by implementing specific strategies in the abstract submission form:
- Authors often neglect reading instructions for abstract submissions. To prevent this, set rules within the submission form to ensure abstracts are submitted in the desired format.
- Including too much or too less detail is another common mistake. Setting up minimum and maximum length limits can help resolve this issue.
- Many authors use copy-paste method to submit their abstracts without thoroughly checking them. Implementing a review process, such as "What you see is what you get," can mostly solve this issue.
- Authors may not spend enough time writing the affiliations of other authors. Collecting affiliations in multiple fields and allowing authors to edit them until the evaluation process begins can help to address this issue.
- Authors can make mistakes related to a lack of attention to detail, such as typos and grammatical errors. Implementing a review process can help minimize these errors.
- Some authors may not cover the specific requirements of the abstract's content. Collecting the abstract's content in multiple text fields, such as introduction, methods, findings, and conclusion, can help ensure that all necessary information is included.
How to notify an abstract’s author? Step-by-step checklist
Who should make the final acceptance or rejection decision, and how should they approach it?
The final decision on whether to accept or reject an abstract should be made by the chair of the conference or the scientific committee. When making the decision, consider the following steps:
- Begin with an overall evaluation to determine how many acceptable abstracts have been received in each presentation category.
- Identify the number of available slots for oral presentations, taking into account opening and closing sessions, plenary and invited talks, panels, and other presentation types.
- Create a conference program that considers session content, which may require combining related scientific topics.
- Review the recommendations from reviewers carefully, paying attention to their comments and the overall quality of the abstracts. Asking reviewers to evaluate using an "accepted, conditionally accepted, rejected" methodology will simplify the decision-making process.
- Consider the authors and their registration status before making the final decision.
Checking the registration status of the abstract's presenting author will help build a well-fitted conference program.
Keep in mind that there are only three options during the decision stage: Accepted, Conditionally Accepted, and Rejected.
How should you notify authors of their abstract's acceptance or rejection status?
Manually notifying authors about their abstract's acceptance or rejection status can be time-consuming and challenging, especially when personalizing acceptance letters with names, abstract titles, presentation types, and more.
Using an abstract management software solution, like MeetingHand, can simplify this process. It allows you to easily personalize acceptance messages by editing the content and adding abstract names, presentation types, and other relevant information. Additionally, you can track notifications about their delivery, open, and download rates or status.
It is recommended to choose an abstract management platform that enables authors to log in, track the evaluation process of their abstracts, receive requests from reviewers, and make updates when necessary.
When should you notify the authors about the abstract review results?
The notification timeline depends on the completion of the evaluation process. It's important to notify authors at least by the declared deadline. To ensure timely notifications, it's advisable to start the evaluation process early, rather than waiting for the submission deadline, especially considering that reviewers often work on a volunteer basis.
Furthermore, it's not mandatory to wait until the declared notification date to inform authors personally, especially if the number of submitted abstracts does not significantly exceed the available presentation slots.
Notifying authors early will help them plan and arrange to finance their attendance more effectively.
What should you do with canceled, unpaid, or un-presented abstracts?
To ensure smooth abstract management, it is recommended to remove canceled abstracts as soon as you receive the cancellation requests. For unpaid abstracts, it is preferable to retain them and remind the authors about the payment, until you receive confirmation and/or finalize the scientific program. It is essential to remove all un-presented abstracts from the book of abstracts and the conference program or, at the very least, mark them as "Not presented".
What information should you include in the acceptance letter?
When drafting an acceptance letter, consider including the following information:
- Start with a thank-you for submitting the abstract and mention the conference name and date.
- Clearly state the final decision and presentation type, including the abstract title, to ensure the author can confirm acceptance and prepare for their presentation.
- Include registration requirements, deadlines, and other relevant information, such as how to follow presentation instructions, to help the author plan and prepare for the next steps.
- Close the letter with a welcoming message, expressing that you look forward to their participation in the conference.
How to evaluate an abstract? Step-by-step checklist
Do you need an evaluation process for conference abstracts?
An evaluation process is essential for conference abstracts to ensure their relevance to the conference theme and the quality of the presentations for the audience. By involving reviewers and using an evaluation tool, conference organizers can efficiently assess the abstracts and confirm that they meet quality requirements, and contribute significantly to achieving the conference's objectives.
What should you consider for a well-structured abstract review process?
A well-structured abstract review and evaluation process is essential to ensure a seamless and fair assessment of conference abstracts. Here are the key components to consider:
- Evaluation form:
A simple, straightforward, and easy-to-use evaluation form encourages reviewers to evaluate. The reviewers should be able to preview the abstract including the title, topic, presentation type, and content, along with decision or scoring options and a comment section.
- Evaluation management:
It's crucial to have an evaluation system that enables decision-makers to monitor the status of abstracts, assignments, and reviewer-based progress, and also to manage the evaluation process efficiently.
- Reviewer communication:
Ensure timely reminders are sent to reviewers to encourage timely completion of evaluations and maintain open lines of communication to address any concerns or questions that arise during the evaluation process.
- Decision-making process:
Streamline the final decision-making process by providing an organized overview of reviewer evaluations and comments. This will enable decision-makers to make informed choices based on the quality and relevance of each abstract.
- Author notification:
Establish a timely and clear communication process for notifying authors of the decisions, whether their abstracts are accepted, conditionally accepted, or rejected.
Using an abstract review management tool that offers these components and the abstract database in an efficient process and easy-to-use interfaces is crucial for a seamless and fair evaluation experience for all who are involved, to ensure a successful conference program.
Will you provide reviewers with abstract review instructions?
Providing instructions and guidelines about abstract review and evaluation can help reviewers clearly understand the evaluation criteria and expectations, contributing to a successful conference program. This approach ensures that all reviewers evaluate the abstracts based on the same standards, leading to a fair and consistent evaluation process. While it may not always be necessary, especially when dealing with a limited number of abstracts or reviewers, offering guidance can still be beneficial in maintaining consistency and quality across evaluations.
How should reviewers evaluate abstracts? Using their expertise or following specific evaluation models or criteria?
Allowing reviewers to use their expertise and make an overall evaluation is often the easiest approach. However, you can also implement a more advanced evaluation process or methodology based on your requirements. Common models include SCORE (Scientific Communication Online Review and Evaluation), SADE (Significance, Approach, Data, Evaluation), QUALSYST (Quality System for Technical and Scientific Conferences), and Likert scales. These evaluation approaches typically involve scoring aspects such as relevance, quality, originality, clarity, and significance of the abstract. It's essential to consider the specific needs of your conference when deciding on the most appropriate evaluation approach.
Will you implement a blind evaluation process?
The decision to use an open or blind review process depends on the conference's objectives and requirements. A blind review, which means hiding the author's identity, can help promote fairness in the selection process for abstracts to be presented at the conference. Consider your conference's specific needs and goals when deciding whether to implement a blind or open evaluation process.
How can you encourage reviewers to evaluate on time?
Ensuring that reviewers complete evaluations on time is critical, as they are often busy, high-profile academics volunteering their time. To motivate reviewers, consider the following strategies:
- Provide user-friendly evaluation interfaces: Make it easy for reviewers to track their duties and progress by offering an intuitive and straightforward evaluation system.
- Offer clear evaluation guidelines: Help reviewers understand the evaluation criteria and expectations by providing clear instructions and guidelines for the assessment process.
- Streamline the evaluation process: Simplify the process to make it less time-consuming and more efficient, ensuring that reviewers can complete their evaluations without unnecessary complications.
- Maintain clear communication: Keep an open line of communication with reviewers to address any concerns or questions that may arise during the evaluation process.
- Send reminders and follow up: Remind reviewers of upcoming deadlines and follow up with them to encourage timely completion of evaluations.
By implementing these strategies, you can encourage reviewers in completing evaluations on time and contribute to a successful conference program.
How many reviewers should you assign to each abstract?
The number of reviewers assigned to each abstract depends on the review process being used, the number of abstract submissions, and the available reviewers. Balancing the number of reviewers with the required evaluation time is essential for a successful evaluation process. Generally, assigning at least two reviewers to each abstract can help ensure fairness and reliability in the evaluation process. However, you may consider assigning more reviewers based on the specific needs and goals of your conference.
How to create a book of abstracts? Step-by-step checklist
Will you create a book of abstracts?
Conference organizers typically prepare and publish a book of abstracts, which includes all the oral and poster abstracts scheduled for presentation. This resource offers participants an overview of the conference content and can serve as a reference in scientific studies. However, some conferences may opt to publish a book of extended abstracts or full papers instead of, or in addition to, a traditional book of abstracts.
How do you prepare a book of abstracts for a conference?
Preparing a book of abstracts for a conference involves several steps. Typically, it includes the following sections:
- Title or cover page: This includes the title, conference name, and date.
- Copyright page: Contains copyright information and an ISBN number, if required.
- Preface: Written by the conference chair, it provides an introduction or overview of the conference, including the theme, scientific scope, and objectives.
- Acknowledgment page: Includes members of the committees, invited speakers, and other parties involved in the conference.
- Table of contents: Clearly shows the sections and lists the abstracts in alphabetical order by author names or by presentation order.
- Abstracts section: Contains the abstracts, typically including the title, author's name, and affiliation, body, and keywords. Grouping the abstracts by topic, category, or in a different logical order is important and may require using sub-headers such as invited speakers, oral, and poster abstracts.
- Author Index: Lists all authors in alphabetical order, along with their abstracts' page numbers.
Preparing these sections as separate doc files and combining them into one file can save time and effort, as most abstract management tools provide. The new generation of abstract management software, such as MeetingHand, offers all abstracts in a ready-to-publish book of abstracts. However, in all cases, making a final review of the details for an error-free book of abstracts is a must, and working with an expert for editing and formatting the book might be a better decision, especially when publishing a hard copy was considered. Because, ensuring that all the necessary edits and revisions are done, and all confirmed abstracts are included in a consistent format and styling throughout the book of abstracts is crucial before publishing the book of abstracts.
How to publish, distribute, and promote a conference book of abstracts?
The book of abstracts can be published either in digital or print format, or both. Digital publishing of the book of abstracts has become more popular due to its advantages, such as wider and faster distribution, easy access, cost-effectiveness, and the ability to make seamless revisions and updates. Digital publishing is also environmentally friendly as it uses fewer resources and produces less waste. However, some conference organizers still prefer to provide printed versions, even in limited quantities, for participants who prefer physical copies and for archival purposes.
To effectively promote the conference book of abstracts, share it on the conference website, as well as on the websites of relevant organizations and associations. Email it to online repositories and digital libraries. Additionally, ensure that the book of abstracts is accessible and searchable by search engines like Google. Using appropriate keywords and relevant metadata will increase its visibility.
How to create a conference program? Step-by-step checklist
How to prepare and schedule a conference program agenda?
In the early stages of conference planning, organizers should start working on the conference agenda by creating an initial program overview or program at glance. This includes the conference schedule, session times, social activities, and other main events. Once the invited speakers and abstract authors confirm their participation and social activities are determined, the scheduling of the conference program can begin. Creating a comprehensive and well-organized conference agenda is a crucial goal.
The following steps may lead to a successful agenda:
- Calculate the total time required for invited speakers, oral and poster presentations, and opening & closing sessions.
- Add time for onsite registration and breaks, including coffee breaks and meals.
- Determine the number of presentation rooms and the duration of each presentation. Adjust the presentation time and/or the number of rooms to fit the required schedule.
- Allocate specific time frames for each session, considering presentation topics, the number of presentations on each topic, breaks, and networking opportunities.
- Assign presentations to sessions by linking speakers and abstract titles.
- Add social activities to the conference agenda to create a draft program.
- Share the draft program with speakers and all those involved in the conference for feedback.
- Ensure that all presentations are included and make any necessary adjustments.
- Finalize and release the conference program on the conference website, announce it to attendees, and promote it via social channels and to all those involved in the conference.
Grouping presentations by topic, and category in sessions, particularly when parallel rooms are being used, allows attendees to easily find presentations they're interested in and present on time. Additionally, scheduling break-out times and social activities is essential, as networking and socializing are the key motivations for attending a conference. Providing opportunities for attendees to connect and discuss presentations can significantly enhance the overall conference experience.
"What is happening outside the conference rooms is as important as what is going on inside" since it serves as a key motivator for most participants. Therefore, it's crucial to schedule breakouts and social events at the conference in a manner that fosters networking and socializing opportunities, ultimately increasing satisfaction and significantly enhancing the overall experience.
Tips:
- While it's possible to create complex abstract submission forms and require authors to write in specific formats for well-designed abstracts, keeping the process simple and concise can maximize the number of collected abstracts. This approach helps conference planners create a comprehensive program and may potentially increase attendance.
- While it's possible to request more author information like current email addresses and phone numbers, obtaining complete or accurate responses from corresponding authors may be challenging. Moreover, it's essential to consider legal rules and regulations surrounding personal data collection, such as CCPA and GDPR
- While most of the conference planners focus on defining the deadlines for abstract submission start & end-date and author notification dates, the deadline for the Authors’ payment is more important as it is required to begin scheduling the agenda and avoid presentation no-shows.
- While the number of attendees is a key indicator of event success, the number of presentations delivered plays a crucial role in determining a conference's success. To maximize the event's impact, it's essential to minimize presentation no-shows. By efficiently following up with and encouraging presenters, conference organizers can reduce no-shows and enhance the overall success of the conference.
Conclusion
In conclusion, managing the abstract submission process for an academic event is a crucial task that requires careful planning, attention to detail, and effective communication with all stakeholders. By following the steps outlined in this article, you can streamline the submission process, ensure a fair and transparent evaluation process, and create a high-quality book of abstracts that showcases the best research in your field. Remember to keep your communication channels open and provide clear guidance and support to authors throughout the submission process. With these tips in mind, you can help to make your academic event a success and foster a vibrant and engaging research community.
However, we also would like to remind you that MeetingHand as a comprehensive event management software has a sophisticated abstract management module. It combines registrations with abstract submissions and helps you manage the abstract evaluation process, create your event program, create your Book of Abstracts, and even manage your invited speakers. So, should you require a complete abstract management solution, we strongly suggest you book a demo with us and attend a private demo session.