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Cell Culture - Science topic

Cell culture is the complex process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment.
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Dear all,
I found in cell cultures some structures that I cannot identify
I will really appreciate is someone would give me some suggestions
Many thanks
Francesco
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Brent E Gowen thanks Brent!
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Hi everyone
I produced a batch of virus , enriched it with centrifugation, and titrated it with T cells after 48h. For my experiments I want to use MOI 3 and that's equal to 1/12 dilution.
but at this dilution my cells will die after 5 days in cell culture( I use PBMC not sorted T cells), while untraduced control expanded 6 times during 5 days of stimulation. Until day 3 transduced cells are similar as untraduced cells. I tried up to 1/160 dilution but I still have very large cell death with this dilution!
Do you have any idea what is the reason for this?
Thanks
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Thank you for additional info Reza.
Decreasing viral titer from 1/160 to 1/320 does not seem to help your Lymphocyte count and transduction efficiency drops from 56% to 40%.
It will be interesting to see if diluting further will help. However, I am suspecting that your transduction efficiency will drop as well.
What is the end goal of your experiment? Are you trying to establish T cell population with CAR construct that can be used for future experiments/assays?
If you have access to FACS, maybe you can sort for transduced population and try and expand it.
Your transduction efficiency is highest at 1/40 dilution. Another approach would be to transduce at even higher titer( your transduction efficiency should increase at least until your cells start to die), observe until cells start to die, check transduction efficiency, sort and expand.
I would definitely try and change medium after 24 hrs and see if that helps.
Transductions are tricky. Lots of optimization needed until you get to finish line.
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Hello all. I grew some cells for virus infection. I infected the cells with CMV (Cytomegalovirus) 8 days ago. The cells have not started lysis yet, but the plate is about to get dry. I wonder if I can add 5 mL of growth medium (DMEM) to the plate containing CMV-infected cells to prevent dryness at this moment (8 days after infection). Is there any risk to do so? Any advice is appreciated.
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Yes
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Hello all. I grew ARPE-19 cells in cell culture and infected them with a virus (Varicella-zoster virus). After the virus reached a high infection rate, I harvested everything in the plate and use freeze & thaw technique to release viruses into the supernatant. Now I want to store my viruses in -80 freezer. What is the composition of freezing medium for VZV? Are DMSO and FBS enough? Or do I need to add sucrose or something else? This is a bit urgent. I have no one to ask because I am the last employee in my lab as my professor is retiring. Any advice is appreciated.
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Use 0.2M sucrose phosphate as a cryoprotectant for varicella-zoster virus.
You may want to refer to the article attached below.
However, virus infected cells may be frozen in 70% culture media + 20% FBS + 10% DMSO.
Best.
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I observed this clumps in my MCF-7 cell culture. Does anyone know if it is normal or contamination?
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I don’t see any contamination. It seems you have close to 100% confluence and I think they could be cells dying off. Kindly subculture at low cell concentration and I think you should be fine.
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Hello, I have isolated extracellular vesicles from a cell culture using the Exosome isolation kit. However, the western blot results did not show up because the concentration was only 0.2 ug/ul. I believe a concentration of 1 ug/ul is required for a successful western blot. Could you please suggest a method to increase the concentration?
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Without knowing which cell culture and exosome are the target, it is known that exosome isolation kits are developed aiming to capturing by antibodies raised against the surface proteins of exosomes. It is also well known that isolation kits may miss some types of extracellular vesicles due to the lack of some surface proteins in exosomes. This could be the reason for the low recovery and sample composition may also prevent some affinity binding between antibody and surface targets (considering the cell culture medium is the sample, lysis was not applied and the supernatant was collected). I prefer physical techniques such as ultrafiltration enriched medium subjected to ultracentrifugation by density cushion, or SEC. Exosome isolation kits are a bit error-prone approach depending on the type of cell and exosome to investigate but physical ones are universal to apply.
Good luck
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Hello. I am new to cell culture work. May I know whether these small black dots are contaminants or just cell debris? It's quite confusing because they are not moving. This is different from the contamination issue that I used to encounter because I can surely confirm that my cells are contaminated when these small dots move which means bacteria. FYI, this is HEK293T cells.
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The presence of small black dots in cell cultures can indeed be confusing, especially for those new to cell culture work. These dots could potentially be cell debris, but they could also indicate contamination⁴.
**Cell Debris:** If the black dots are of varying sizes and shapes, they could be cell debris⁴. Cell debris can occur naturally as cells die and break apart, or it can be a result of mechanical stress during handling.
**Contamination:** If the black dots are of the same size and there is an increase in their number over time, this could indicate bacterial contamination⁴. However, you mentioned that these dots are not moving, which is not typical for bacterial contamination³.
There's also a phenomenon known as "black swimming dots" (BSDs) that has been observed in cell cultures¹. BSDs are extremely tiny dots found in dishes of cultured cells and are very hard to remove¹. They are nonliving inorganic nanoparticles but should derive from an unidentified airborne infectious organism¹. BSDs can bring adverse impact to cell experiments¹.
To determine the nature of these black dots, you might want to consider the following steps:
1. **Observation:** Keep monitoring your culture. If the number of black dots increases over time, it's more likely to be a contamination issue⁴.
2. **Microscopy:** Use a microscope to get a closer look at the black dots. Their shape, size, and behavior can provide clues about their nature⁴.
3. **Testing:** There are various tests available to detect specific types of contamination. For example, PCR-based methods can detect mycoplasma contamination².
(1) What are the little black dots in the cells? – Sage-Answer. https://sage-answer.com/what-are-the-little-black-dots-in-the-cells/.
(2) 3 Culture contaminants you hate and how to save your cells - Quartzy. https://blog.quartzy.com/3-culture-contaminants-you-hate-and-how-to-save-your-cells.
(3) Black swimming dots in cell culture: the identity, detection ... - bioRxiv. https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2018/07/15/366906.full.pdf.
(4) Common contamination and solutions in cell cultures_Cell Culture .... https://www.leadingbiology.com/article-131.html.
(5) Observed tiny black dots on cell culture - Cell Biology. http://www.protocol-online.org/biology-forums/posts/35069.html.
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Just wondering if anyone has any experience in setting up a Getinge mini bioreactor? More specifically, autoclaving the reactor, the gel pH sensor, and the dO2 sensor.
I am having trouble understanding how to use the pH probe and "pressurize" in the autoclave before first use. The pH probe has a lifecycle of 10-15 autoclaves. Would I have to bathe the probe in ethanol as a method of sterilizing the probe between cell cultures?
Any advice is welcomed! Thanks so much in advance!
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The probes will have to be sterilized along with the medium in the reactor after the sterilization cool the reactor to the required temperature and calibrate both pH and DO probes.
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Greetings,
My question is what insulin concentrations would be used to examine the effect of hyperinsulinemia while my growth media already supplemented with 5ug/mL insulin to support cell culture?
And;
Is the supplemented media is my 0 control or shall I remove the supplement?
Thanks,
Maryam
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The cells are tubule epithelial cells, and the media is commercially available with supplements from Lonza, the final supplemented media is 5ug/mL insulin as per their response. I guess they add high insulin to overcome low serum (0.5%).
I have come across insulin concentrations in adipocytes cultures and IR models that what confused me about final the limits of high insulin in cultures.
I got 340mM insulin aliquot, how to get to to 25, 50 nM? and what diluent?
Thanks alot,
Maryam
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Hi all, I have a set of cell culture samples embedded in 1% agarose. They have been cultured for 14 days. They have been fixed with 4% PFA. I am wondering if I can separate the whole cells from the agarose gel from these fixed samples and test proteomics from both the gels AND cells separately?
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Separating cells from gels can be done using various methods depending on the type of gel and the specific application. Here are some common techniques:
  1. Mechanical Dissociation:Use a spatula or scalpel to carefully scrape the cells off the gel surface. Use a cell scraper or cell lifter to detach cells from the gel surface gently.
  2. Enzymatic Digestion: Treat the gel with an appropriate enzyme that can digest the gel matrix without affecting the viability of the cells. For example:Collagenase for collagen-based gels. Trypsin or dispase for protein-based gels. Agarase for agarose gels. Incubate the gel with the enzyme solution at an appropriate temperature and time, following the manufacturer's instructions. After digestion, gently pipette or wash the cells off the gel surface.
  3. Dissolution: If the gel is made of a material that can be dissolved, such as agarose or polyacrylamide, you can dissolve the gel to release the cells. For agarose gels, immerse the gel in a buffer solution at an appropriate temperature to dissolve the gel. For polyacrylamide gels, you may need to use a denaturing agent such as SDS or urea to help dissolve the gel.
  4. Electrophoretic Transfer: If the cells are embedded within a gel used for electrophoresis, such as a polyacrylamide gel used for protein separation, you can perform electrophoretic transfer to transfer the separated proteins onto a membrane. After transfer, the membrane can be probed with antibodies or stains to detect specific proteins or visualize total protein content.
  5. Filtration: For certain types of gels, such as collagen gels used for 3D cell culture, you can use a cell strainer or mesh filter to physically separate the cells from the gel matrix. Cells can be washed through the filter using a buffer solution, while the gel matrix is retained on the filter.
  6. Centrifugation:If the cells and gel are suspended in a solution, centrifugation can be used to separate the cells from the gel. Adjust the centrifugation conditions (speed, time, temperature) based on the properties of the gel and cells.
Choose the most appropriate method based on the type of gel, the nature of the cells, and the downstream applications. Always handle cells and gels gently to maintain cell viability and integrity.
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Hello dear researchers,i have transduced my HEK293T cells with IL-2 and then puromycin screening was done, the cells were showing good egfp flourescence ,but then due to some reasons I have to store my cell culture at -80 degrees,and now after 2 months if I thaw and regrow my cells, will they be able to produce sufficient interleukin 2 protein?i am a little worried...
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Thank you very much science lovers for your answers ans guidance.... respect for all you...
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HI
i transfected adenovector to hek293 cell line. i don't know Adenovirus CPE.
this picture is hek 293 cell line 8 days post transfection. do you observe any CPE?
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Certainly, I can guide you on how to evaluate and analyze the cytopathic effect (CPE) caused by adenoviruses in cell cultures, which is crucial for identifying virus infection and determining its intensity. Adenovirus CPE involves characteristic changes in host cells induced by viral invasion, which can be used effectively to assess the progress and severity of infection. Here’s a detailed approach to study adenovirus CPE:
  1. Cell Culture Preparation:Cell Line Selection: Choose a suitable cell line that is susceptible to adenovirus infection. Human cell lines like A549 (lung carcinoma) or HEK293 (human embryonic kidney cells) are commonly used for adenovirus studies due to their high susceptibility. Culture Conditions: Maintain cells in an appropriate growth medium at 37°C with 5% CO2, ensuring they reach 70-80% confluency by the time of infection, optimal for observing CPE.
  2. Virus Inoculation:Virus Preparation: Use a known titer of adenovirus to infect the cell cultures. The amount of virus used can vary depending on the desired multiplicity of infection (MOI). Infection Process: Remove the growth medium and add the virus in a small volume of serum-free medium to allow close contact with the cells. After allowing virus adsorption for 1-2 hours, add growth medium back to the cells.
  3. Monitoring CPE:Daily Observation: Examine the cells daily using a light microscope to observe the development of CPE. Adenovirus typically induces rounding, clumping, and detachment of cells. Keep detailed records of the progression and intensity of these effects. Photographic Documentation: Capture images of the CPE at various time points post-infection to document changes and compare with uninfected control cells.
  4. Quantitative Assessment:CPE Scoring: Develop a scoring system for CPE based on severity and extent (e.g., 0 = no CPE, 1 = mild CPE, 2 = moderate CPE, 3 = severe CPE). Viability Assays: Use assays such as MTT or trypan blue exclusion to quantify cell viability and correlate with visual CPE observations.
  5. Viral Titer Estimation:Plaque Assay or TCID50: Following the observation of CPE, perform a plaque assay or TCID50 to quantify the viral titer. This helps in correlating the extent of CPE with the viral load.
  6. Data Analysis:Data Compilation: Compile observational and quantitative data to analyze the relationship between the extent of CPE, cell viability, and viral titer. Statistical Analysis: Apply appropriate statistical methods to validate the observations and assess the reproducibility of the results.
  7. Reporting and Review:Documentation: Prepare a comprehensive report detailing the methodology, observations, data analysis, and conclusions. Include all photographic evidence. Peer Review: If applicable, have the study peer-reviewed to ensure accuracy and validity of the experimental approach and findings.
This structured approach allows for a thorough investigation of adenovirus cytopathic effects, providing valuable insights into the virus-cell interactions and the efficacy of potential antiviral treatments. Regular and meticulous monitoring coupled with detailed documentation are key for a successful analysis of adenovirus CPE.
Reviewing the protocols listed here may offer further guidance in addressing this issue
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Because so far, the petri dish we got are only treated at the bottom part of the petri dish not the lid. Can the spheroid still form?
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I agree with Mikhail Alexandrovich Borisov . I have never heard of treated lids.
In a spheroid which is a 3D aggregate of cells, the intercellular interactions are favored over the attachment to a substrate. Such conditions will be met only when cells do not create contacts with a fixed support such as the plastic or glass surface of a culture plate, and then they start to self-assemble in loose aggregates. It is the same process that you may observe in embryogenesis or organogenesis.
Integrins and E-cadherins play a key role in this process. The integrins are transmembrane proteins which can bind to extracellular matrix (ECM), if the cells used are able to generate ECM components, and initiate the agglomeration of cells as a network. Then, the homologous E-cadherin interactions tightly pack the cells together and make the structure to evolve into a compact spheroid.
Best.
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I'm a current medicine student and I'm in my first scientific initiation in my graduation. Currently, me and my professor are having some troubles with contamination in our cells. This is a bottle with HCT-116 cells (colorretal cancer). This cells were, previously frozen with contaminated fetal bovine serum. My professor said she thought she treated the cells, but this contamination keep returning. We supplement our media with penicilin and B- anfotericin at 1% each. The weird thing is: The bottle keeps healthy and, suddenly, from one day to another, these clouds appears and the bottle liquid looks cloudy. Could anyone, please, help me by advising what could I do or what fungus is this (If this is a fungus)?
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It is extremely difficult to completely eliminate bacteria from contaminated cells, and the contamination can return. Many labs have HCT116 cells. Therefore, if your cells are not invaluable (transfected for example), the best thing to do is to throw away your culture and request the cell line from a nearby lab.
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Hello everyone,
I am facing a frustrating issue with the TC28a2 cell line. After treatment with staurosporine at concentrations of 25nM, 50nM, and 100nM, the cells begin detaching during the first media aspiration when I switch to fresh complete media. This problem occurs regardless of the incubation time. Does anyone have any advice on how to aspirate the media without losing cells?
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Hello Rogerio,
In addition to staurosporine treated arms (25nM-100nM), do you also have a control arm that has not been treated with staurosporine ?
Is it possible that staurosporine is simply cytotoxic to your TC28a2 cell line and that’s why they are detaching?
staurosporine is commonly used to induce apoptosis in various cell lines. I’ve used staurosporine for that purpose in HCEC-1CT cell line( human colon epithelial cells) and some tumor cell lines( HUH-7 and NG108-15).
After treatment with staurosporine, cells become round and detach. Under microscope, you can tell that membrane integrity is compromised.
I understand that staurosporine is used as a differentiating agent in chondrocytes. However, there are some literature out there stating that staurosporine can also induced apoptosis in chondrocyte monolayer.
I would simply treat your arms as suspension cells after detachment. Collect them, pellet them and check their viability.
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I am encountering a challenge with culturing endothelial cells derived from umbilical cord tissue. Despite successful isolation, the cells exhibit a decline in viability and begin to deteriorate after 3-4 days in culture. I have attempted to address this issue by utilizing various brands of endothelial cell media, yet the problem persists. Enclosed is image depicting the condition of the cell culture flask. Any insights or recommendations regarding this issue would be greatly valued.
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Hi. This is how I used to collect HUVEC, and despite now and then we had some problems due to variations related to the donors, in general we had very good load of cells and usually they were easy to work with them for a few (3-6) passages.
"Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) cultures were
obtained by the method of Jaffe et al. (1973). Briefly, the cells were
obtained by flushing umbilical veins obtained from the maternity unit
(City Hospital, Nottingham, UK) with warmed 0.05% collagenase
solution. After collection, the cells were washed and re-suspended in
HUVEC culture medium (40% Medium 199, 40% F12 nutrient mix, 1 M
HEPES, 200 mM NaHCO3, 2 mM L -glutamine, 50 ng/mL bFGF, 20 ng/
mL EGF, 3000 units of heparin, 20% sterile deionized water, and 10% of
FBS) and grown until confluent in T-25 tissue culture flasks coated with
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Hi,
I have been cultivating Jurkat cells in RPMI supplemented with 10% FBS, and I have observed some small things in my flask. Although the cell growth appears unaffected, I want to ensure that this isn't contamination.
Can you help me?
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Hello Inês S. Pinto,
I fully support Malcolm Nobre's observation. What you're seeing isn't contamination; it's likely debris from the FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum). Following Nobre's suggestion, allow the serum to stand and avoid using the bottom 5 ml, where most of the debris tends to accumulate. Alternatively, you can filter the serum before adding it to your media.
Best,
Anjali
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For H202 radical scavenging assay. How to prepare 75 uM hydrogen peroxide from 30% H2O2 solution ? Thanks in advance.
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Hello,
How will I calculate?
First of all I need to know the molarity of my H2O2 solution. For this I will need the density of H2O2 which is 1.11kg/L or 1111 g/L. this means that m = 1111* 0.3 (30%) = 333.3 g in 1 liter of solution.
n = m/M.
M of H2O2= 34.01g/mol
so n = 333.3/34.01 = 9.80 mol/L. So your solution is 9.80 M.
Then, to prepare a 75 µM solution you dilute the solution which is 9.80 M using the rule CiVi = CfVf
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I am studying the anti-tumor effect of Hoechst33342 dye on A-375 cells. However, when I added 75uM of the dye to the plated cells, the dye seem to precipitate and I get close to 100% cell death. Is this normal? If not what can I do to avoid this precipitation? (the stock Hoechst33342 solution is prepared in distilled autoclave water)
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May consider using Permai fluorescence dye.
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We are working on a prototype cartridge for cell culture applications and I need to adhere a polystyrene well plate to a polystyrene coated glass micro chip. Looking for double sided adhesive tapes that are biocompatible and cell culture compatible. Preferably with resistance to ethylene oxide sterilization. Any suggestions?
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Zhuotao Xiao I reached out to their technical service directly:
Tech Support <[email protected]>
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Dear Researchers,
I have a couple of falcons with collected media from cell cultures. I have been storing them for a year in 4*C. They were collected for an experiment that I hadn't had the chance to finish. My question is, can I perform any analysis on them while they were stored in such conditions for this long? Anything with DNA/RNA/proteins? Or everything is degraded by now? I will appreciate every idea.
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If you have media from old cell cultures, you can consider several options:
  1. Attempt to revive viable cells by subculturing into fresh media.
  2. Use the media for various assays or experiments, such as cell viability assays or biochemical assays.
  3. Use the old media as a control in experiments with newly cultured cells to ensure consistency.
  4. Dispose of the media properly if unsure of its quality or preservation.
  5. Be cautious about potential contamination and perform sterility checks.
  6. Consult with colleagues or experts for guidance on the suitability of the media for your specific needs. The decision depends on factors like cell type, storage conditions, and experimental requirements.
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I cultured Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) on a plate coated with collagen type 1 (rat tail) at a concentration of 7.5ug/cm^2. The coating procedure involved dilution with cell culture water, incubation for 1 hour at 37°C, followed by removing the solution and washing twice with PBS. Subsequently, I used EGM-2 medium for culturing the cells. Everything appeared normal on the first day, but by the third day, the media became cloudy, and most of the cells were either detached or not visible. Please refer to the attached video for more details. Any insights or suggestions would be greatly appreciated.
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I can’t say for sure because you did not provide a view through a phase microscope, but from your description, it is likely your culture is infected with bacteria.
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I'm just wondering if I need to change the media of my cells that are culturing in 5% O2 (hypoxic condition) in a hypoxic chamber aka a hypoxic glove box? Or can I just quickly do this in a normal incubator and return the cells to the hypoxic incubator?
It sounds like a lot of work if we need to get a hypoxic glove box so I'm just wondering if anyone has any experience in this who could give me some insight?
Thank you
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What is Your aim? What is Your hypoxia level necessary? 10%, 5%, 1%? 0,1% of O2?
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Dear all,
I prepared my cell media (EMEM+10%FBS) and another cell media (EMEM+2%FBS+1% Pen/Strep). Incubate the aliquot of the media in 37°C for a few days and saw these. They are not moving and there was no color change in the media. Since there were no cells in the flask so if these weren't cell debris, I wonder if this is debris/aggregates from the serum? I also have done sterility check on the serum and no changes observed to indicate contamination.
Thanks.
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I guess this is from the FBS. Not a contamination.
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I'm expading MSC (Mesenchymal Stem Cell) from umbilical cord uner 37 °C with 5% CO2 in a humidified chamber.  I'm testing 2 types of media, both appropriate for MSC (StemPro and NutriStem).  I need to expand the cells, but they keep differentiating. Does anyone know what might be happening?
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Dear Leticia,
What do you mean by differentiating? Did you checked using alcian blue staining for chondrogenic, alizarin red staining for osteogenic or oil red O staining for adipogenic differentiation? I supposed that what you meant was that your cells did not grow in monolayer, but tended to form clumps of several layers, was that so?. Stem Pro or other comercial serum free medium do not contain attachment factor, so you need to coat your flask with collagen or fibronectin, to allow your cells attach to the flask and grow nicely as monolayer. Different if you use serum or platelet lysate containing medium. Serum and platelet lysate contain attachment factor, so you do not need to coat the flask, but the cells will grow nicely as a monolayer
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Hi everyone,
I have been having some issues with SHSY5Y cells that I never had in the past. I used to culture them in DMEM:F12 with 10% FBS and 1%Antibiotic-Antimycotic and they grew just fine. Back in October, when we received a new batch of medium, I started seeing increased cell death after 1-2 passages: specifically, I would see debris like structures and the cells literally peeling off from the bottom of the flask. I initially attributed this to the quality of the medium and ruled out incubator, FBS etc issues. I thawed a new vial of cells and I had the same issue. Then I was told to try OptiMEM and with a new vial from ATCC I noticed that they grew beautifully and reached confluence within 3 days. After the 3rd passage, I started seeing the same type of pattern that I saw before--cells fragmenting, a lot of debris and cells peeling off and floating in suspension 1-2 days after plating. I am desperate as my lab has wasted many cell stocks and money on trying to figure out what this is. My next step is to test for mycoplasma but I wasn't sure if this is the case considering that we literally just bought a new stock from ATCC and it grew fine until the third passage.The medium doesn't yellow out and it is not yeast contamination. What can be the source of this type of behavior?Any input is greatly appreciated! :)
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Hi! I'm currently facing the same issues. A colleague from another lab suggested we try ultra low attachment flasks with valves. Hope this helps.
Best regards!
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Hi all,
I am doing a transient transfection to my cells with GFP-tagged plasmid and sending them to be FACS sorted and I need to replate them once I get them back. This is my first time ever doing this kind of experiments. would you please kindly help on how I could replate them? is it casual cell culturing? I heard that you send your plate and get a tube back?! would you be so kind to elaborate? Thank you
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Dear Esteemed Colleague,
Greetings. I trust this message finds you well and progressing in your endeavors within the field of cellular biology. Your inquiry about the proper methodology for replating cells after Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) is both crucial and timely for ensuring the viability and proliferation of sorted cells. Below, I outline a comprehensive and structured protocol to efficiently replate cells post-FACS sorting, ensuring optimal recovery and growth.
Preparation Before Sorting
  1. Culture Conditions: Prior to sorting, ensure that your cells are in optimal condition, ideally in the exponential growth phase. This enhances their resilience and recovery post-sorting.
  2. Media Preparation: Prepare fresh culture media appropriate for your cell type. Consider supplementing the media with antibiotics and additional serum to support cell recovery if compatible with your experimental design.
Sorting Considerations
  1. Sorting Parameters: Choose gentle sorting parameters to minimize cell stress and damage. This includes using a larger nozzle size and lower pressure, if possible.
  2. Collection Tube Preparation: Pre-fill collection tubes with culture media containing serum to provide immediate nutrients and reduce shock upon collection. Keep the tubes cold to preserve cell viability.
Replating Protocol
  1. Immediate Handling: Process sorted cells as soon as possible after sorting to minimize stress and cell death. Keep cells on ice if immediate processing is not feasible.
  2. Centrifugation: Gently centrifuge the sorted cells at a low speed (approximately 200-300 x g for 5-10 minutes) to pellet the cells while minimizing stress.
  3. Resuspension: Carefully aspirate the supernatant without disturbing the cell pellet. Resuspend the cells in fresh, pre-warmed culture media tailored to your cell type's needs, gently pipetting to ensure a homogeneous cell suspension.
  4. Plating Density: Determine the appropriate plating density for your cell type and experimental requirements. Plating at a higher density can promote cell recovery and growth by facilitating cell-to-cell interactions.
  5. Culture Conditions: Transfer the cell suspension to culture vessels pre-coated if necessary with extracellular matrix components to enhance cell attachment and growth. Place the vessels in a humidified incubator set to the appropriate temperature and CO2 levels.
  6. Monitoring and Care: Monitor cell attachment and recovery closely over the next several hours to days. Change the media the following day to remove any dead cells and debris, and then regularly according to your standard culture practices.
Post-Sorting Analysis
  • Viability Assessment: Perform a viability assay (e.g., trypan blue exclusion or ATP-based luminescence assays) within 24-48 hours post-sorting to evaluate the success of the replating process and adjust culture conditions if necessary.
  • Expansion and Analysis: Once the cells have sufficiently recovered and proliferated, proceed with your experimental analyses or further expand the culture as required.
Conclusion
Following this protocol for replating cells after FACS sorting can significantly enhance cell viability and proliferation. The gentle handling of cells, coupled with optimized culture conditions, lays a solid foundation for the successful continuation of your cellular studies post-sorting.
Should you require further assistance or wish to discuss specific aspects of your cell sorting and replating procedures in greater detail, please do not hesitate to reach out. I am here to support your scientific exploration and contribute to the success of your research endeavors.
Warm regards.
This list of protocols might help us better address the issue.
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Hi everyone, I am trying to culture IL-2 independent NK-92 cell line for weeks now but they are still not proliferating.
Media used: MEM with 10% NU serum, 0.2 mM myo-inositol, 0.02 mM folic acid, 0.1 mM BME, 1 % Penstrep
After centrifugation, I resuspend the cells in 10 mL of media and placed in T25 flask. Every other day there is still no sign of proliferation nor high density clumping (Almost 3 weeks in culture now). All I see are crumpled cells but in a clump manner (I assume these are dead cells). This is my first time culturing NK92 cells and I'm still not familiar with how they should look like and troubleshooting them. Thanks in advance for any inputs you can provide .
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I am actually using the Myelocult media suggested by ATCC, supplemented with 12.5% Horss Serum and Hydrocortisone (advised to be used with Myelocult). IL2 conc. used is 100U/mL. Cells are forming good clumps and by visualizing under microscope, they look fine. However analyzing with Trypan blue as well as FACS, it is inferred that the viability is very low. Could anyone suggest what could be done to overcome this?
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The Advanced reduced serum DMEM/F12 works fine for my cell cultures, even without adding any serum at all. However, I'd like to find a medium similar to Advanced DMEM/F12 with a lower (only around 0.2-0.3 mM calcium concentration. The calcium concentration in Advanced DMEM/F12 is 1,05 mM).
The DMEM no calcium for example contains less ingredients (for instance proteins) than Advanced DMEM/F12 and is a "conventional" medium which requires 5-10% FBS supplement.
I'm looking for a medium with similar ingredients as Advanced reduced serum DMEM/F12 but no more than 0.3mM calcium , and which works without FCS supplementation or requires only very low FBS supplementation.
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You can 1:1 mix the calcium-free DMEM with F-12 medium (0.3 mM). The final calcium chloride concentration will become 0.15 mM.
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Hello,
I am Mahmuda, now I am working with DG44 cell culture. So far, my cell culture viability improved to 90%. However, before transfection, my cell viability decreased to 70%. I am very disappointed with the results of this culture.
Is there any suggestion or input that can be given so that I can solve this problem?
Then, is there any particular trick to do for this DG44 culture?
Thank you for the help
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DG44 cells are a type of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line commonly used in biopharmaceutical research and production, particularly for the production of recombinant proteins and monoclonal antibodies. Several factors can affect the viability of DG44 cells, including:
  1. Culture Medium and Nutrients: The composition of the culture medium and the availability of essential nutrients are critical for cell viability. Ensure that the medium is properly formulated with appropriate concentrations of glucose, amino acids, vitamins, salts, and growth factors necessary for cell growth and metabolism.
  2. pH and Buffering Capacity: Maintaining the pH of the culture medium within the optimal range is crucial for cell viability. Fluctuations in pH can adversely affect cell growth and metabolism. Additionally, ensure that the culture medium has adequate buffering capacity to resist pH changes over time.
  3. Temperature: DG44 cells are typically cultured at 37°C in a CO2 incubator. Maintaining the proper temperature is essential for cell viability. Fluctuations in temperature can affect cellular processes and compromise cell health.
  4. Osmolality: The osmolality of the culture medium should be maintained within the physiological range to prevent osmotic stress on the cells. Hypo- or hyperosmotic conditions can lead to cell swelling or shrinkage, respectively, affecting cell viability.
  5. CO2 Levels: DG44 cells are typically cultured in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2. CO2 is necessary for buffering the culture medium and maintaining the optimal pH for cell growth. Ensure that the CO2 levels are properly regulated to support cell viability.
  6. Cell Density and Confluence: Cell density and confluence in the culture vessel can affect cell viability. Overcrowding can lead to nutrient depletion, waste accumulation, and reduced viability. Conversely, low cell density may result in suboptimal growth and viability.
  7. Cell Passage and Subculture: Proper handling during cell passage and subculture is essential to maintain cell viability. Avoid over-trypsinization or excessive mechanical stress during cell dissociation, as it can damage the cells and decrease viability.
  8. Contamination: Contamination with bacteria, fungi, mycoplasma, or other microorganisms can compromise cell viability. Follow strict aseptic techniques and regularly monitor cultures for signs of contamination.
  9. Cell Line Health and Stability: The genetic stability and health of the DG44 cell line can impact cell viability over time. Monitor cell morphology, growth rate, and productivity regularly to ensure consistent performance.
By carefully optimizing these factors and maintaining appropriate culture conditions, you can enhance the viability and robustness of DG44 cell cultures for various applications in biopharmaceutical research and production.
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Hi everyone. I want to DNA isolate from transfected cell culture medium (transfected with lentivirus). I tried lots of kit but DNA cons and quality not very well and I didnt show at agarose gel.
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DNA extraction from cell culture medium can be challenging due to the presence of various contaminants such as proteins, salts, and other cellular debris. However, several methods can be used for DNA extraction from cell culture medium, with some modifications to traditional DNA extraction protocols. Here are two commonly used methods:
  1. Phenol-Chloroform Extraction:This method involves organic extraction of DNA using phenol-chloroform followed by ethanol precipitation. Collect the cell culture medium and centrifuge it to pellet any cells or debris present. Transfer the supernatant to a fresh tube and add an equal volume of phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1). Mix the solution thoroughly and centrifuge it to separate the organic and aqueous phases. Transfer the aqueous phase containing DNA to a fresh tube and precipitate DNA by adding ethanol and salt (e.g., sodium acetate). Centrifuge to pellet the DNA, wash with ethanol, and resuspend the DNA in an appropriate buffer.
  2. Commercial DNA Extraction Kits:Many commercial kits are available specifically designed for DNA extraction from cell culture supernatants. These kits typically use silica-based columns or magnetic beads to capture DNA selectively, removing contaminants. The procedure generally involves binding DNA to the column or beads, washing away contaminants, and eluting pure DNA in a low-salt buffer.
Regardless of the method chosen, it's essential to consider the following tips for successful DNA extraction from cell culture medium:
  • Remove any cellular debris by centrifugation before starting the extraction process.
  • Use fresh reagents and ensure proper handling to minimize contamination.
  • Optimize the extraction protocol according to the specific characteristics of the cell culture medium and the intended downstream applications.
  • Evaluate the quality and quantity of extracted DNA using spectrophotometry or fluorometry.
  • Store extracted DNA appropriately at -20°C or -80°C for long-term stability.
The choice of method may depend on factors such as the available equipment, time constraints, and the downstream applications for the extracted DNA. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions or established protocols carefully to obtain reliable results.
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For cell culture , if want to study about the protein or gene expression ? The treatment need to dilute with medium without fbs & pen strep or complete medium. What happen , if the treatment dilute with complete medium ?
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Hello Melonney Patrick,
If the treatment is diluted with complete medium, there will be non-specific binding of the candidate drug to proteins present in the serum. As a result the amount of drug available to the cells in culture during the treatment will be reduced.
So, to avoid non-specific binding of the drug to serum proteins, it is better to dilute the treatment with growth medium without FBS in order to maintain the intracellular concentration of the drug.
Best.
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Some types of cells was cultured by some medium contained with 2,4-D. To identify it's cell status, I make DAPI staining and the results make me confused.
Just as the pictures shows, the first one is DAPI staining, is the staining area represents the nuclei ?  It occupy a large proportion of the cell 
If anyone is familiar with the cell status and has any idea or suggestion, i would be so grateful, Much thanks !
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May consider using Permai fluorescence dye.
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Recently, we have been encountering challenges in our laboratory in achieving satisfactory mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cell line. We would like to determine the optimal concentration of Ascorbic Acid and β-Glycerophosphate to achieve the desired outcomes. Additionally, we are unsure whether we should initially culture for 8 days with Ascorbic Acid only and then for another 8 days with β-Glycerophosphate only. We appreciate your assistance in resolving these issues and thank you in advance for your collaboration.
Kind regards,
Antonio.
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Despite being called a "clonal" cell line, after multiple passages, you end up with a drift that generates a mosaic culture of cells that are different in their osteogenic differentiation potential. You could "re-clone" your line to identify clones that still have a good osteogenic potential: Get 30-40 single clones, expand, freeze, differentiate each clone with usual GP and vit C when confluent, and select/use only clone(s) that can differentiate and mineralize.
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For transfection we have used 500uL of transfection complex for 1 well of 6 well plate. so total media added to each well was 2mL. According to this 100nM of sirNA and 100ug/mL of nanoparticle was added in the transfection complex (500uL). What is the ratio of SiRNA to media. (we have a stock of 100micro molar of siRNA )
Also what if we lower down the volume of media to 50uL. Then how to maintain the ratio of siRNA to media?
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125ul optimem + 1,5ul 20microM RNAi
125ul optimem+2,5 ul RNAi max mix togheer and wait 20min RT
in the meantime replace the medium on your cells (i plate 2 10e5cells/2ml 6wells
with 1,25ml DMEM FBS witout ATbio
add the transfection medium overthe cells, mix..final volume 1,5ml analyse at 48 or 72Hours...work great (some people remove the medium after 2h and add complete media!)
work great see photo
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Hello everyone, I am having trouble with my cell culture. I have used the same cells in the passt, but now every time I thaw a batch (no matter if my own stocks or the original stocks of the lab) the cells are viable for a day or to, but as soon as I passage them the die. However, they don't die directly - they do adhere and start to proliferate, but then the bekom apoptotic. I've checked the medium and every thing else I can think of, and no one else is having trouble with the incubator. Does anyone have any trouble shouting ideas?
Thanks in advance!
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please check for a key constituent in the medium that it is missing or mycoplasma contamination at trypsin and/or cell culture medium
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Hello,
I've been trying to isolate exosomes from cell culture supernatant. I have spoken to other researchers who do exosome work and found that they don't use RIPA buffer to lyse the eVs when doing protein quantification (BCA) or western blots. They don't lyse the eVs at all. They claim that it degrades the eVs. However, in the literature, it seems common practice to use RIPA buffer or some type of lysis buffer. I have tried to find papers that support this claim but I haven't really found any. Just some papers comparing different lysis buffers.
Is the claim that RIPA or any lysis buffers isn't good for exosomes and characterizing them true? What to do instead?
Thank you for your time,
Britney
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Hi !
I also working on exosome and I have the same question with Britney Hudson. I found a article protocol that they used Bolt 4X LDS Sample Buffer (Thermo Fisher Scientific) as Sample buffer and it had success extracting tetraspanins with LDS sample buffer alone. I think you can try to use this protocol.
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Hello fellow researchers,
i need some advise. I am trying to incubate some cells with a volatile substance and i am looking for ways to keep the substance from evaporating and keeping it in the 24well plate. I am using aluminum adhesive foil right now, but it seems to evaporate through the foil. Does anybody have an idea how i could seel my plate? Is there a foil with individual seeling for each well? I would be thankful for your experience!
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Would an adhesive film used for sealing plates for RT-PCR work?
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I used to prepare DMEM-powdered media for the cell culture use. The last step of media preparation is media filtration using 0.2um filters. Meanwhile, in case of 0.2um filters shortage, is it possible to alternatively prepare a sterile media for the cell culture without using 0.2um filters. Like to use 0.45um filters and then autoclave the media to ensure the sterile condition of the prepared media?
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You may autoclave culture media prepared from powder (I would not suggest autoclaving), but sterile filtration through 0.2um or 0.22um filter is recommended, particularly if serum or other supplements are to be added before use.
The use of 0.45-micron filter to filter sterilize the culture media is not advisable because bacteria are still capable of passing through a 0.45-micron filter in large quantity. The 0.45-micron filter is typically used for general filtration and particle removal while 0.2/0.22um filter is most used for solution sterilization (bacteria removal).
So, make use of 0.22um filter to filter sterilize your culture media in order to obtain good results.
Best.
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I am working on a project in which we obtain lymphocytes through Ficoll density gradient separation and then culture them for ~3 weeks. Naturally, we add IL2 to our cell culture media. There are two practices that I have seen students do: one is to make a big batch of media with IL2 in it at the start of the experiment and use it over the 3 weeks (The media bottle is stored in the fridge at 4 Celsius. The second is to make the big batch of media without IL2 and only add IL2 to the culture flask when the media needs to be changed. Which approach do you think is better? (Note: in the second approach, the aliquots of IL2 undergo repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Since very little concentration of IL2 is needed in the culture (ng/mL), we do not make single-use aliquots as there would be a lot of them. We make aliquots with 100ug/mL concentration, thaw them upon need, use whatever is needed, and then freeze the rest for later use.)
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Here are a few advantages of preparing aliquots and using IL-2 freshly and how we do.
* Minimizes repeated exposure of IL-2 to air and light: This can degrade the protein and reduce its activity.
* Ensures consistency: Preparing single-use aliquots ensures consistent concentrations for each experiment.
* Reduces waste: Avoids discarding unused portions of reconstituted IL-2.
It is a bit time consuming but reduces IL-2 degradation and wastage, since it is very costly. In case you are using regularly and storing at proper temp and not exposing to air and light, you can always go ahead with preparing it along with media.
Thanks,
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Does anyone have good lab practices or experience of growing primary cells without antibiotics and anti-fungal?
Recently I ordered primary airway epithelial cells (adherent) from ATCC. They provided Anti-anti (penicillin + amphotericin B solution) along with basal media. so I prepared media with anti-anti solution and re suspend cells. so I observed cells were not attaching for 2 days and 3rd day there was contamination without change of media color. it was rod shaped bacteria with cells when i saw under microscope.
So when I complaint to ATCC, they suggested me some points. One of them was not to use anti-anti solution (antibiotics), as it can cause stress to primary cells.
Now I am planning to grow primary cells without adding antibiotics, But I am scared that there will be contamination and I dont want to lose cells (I have only single vial).
Any suggestions?
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Thank you Ayyaz Khan , Rustem E Uzbekov for your guidance. and many thanks Malcolm Nobre for the detailed points to be considered during cell culture.
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Hello everyone,
lately we experienced some problems with the performance of our NK92 cells, because they are performing way worse in cytotoxic assays than a few months ago. We thought this might either result from the NK92 cells being exhausted or resting. So we tested for the NK cell exhaustion markers DNAM-1 and NKG2a. Our NK92 cells were negative for DNAM-1 and positive for NKG2a, which might indicate that they`re in an inactive state.
Has anyone else experienced this before? Or does anyone know how to reverse exhaustion in NK92 cells?
*Medium + 100U/ml is given two-three times a week
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1) I think the cells should recover within 1-1.5 week. After 2-3 weeks they still can be rescued, but they need to be carefully monitored, how they are growing on the next weeks and how they behave in the functional tests. In your case something went wrong, since the viability is around 40%. Have a closer look on your freezing/thawing procedure, check the incubator.
2) I would be careful with trying to supplement more frequently with IL-2, in my opinion it could mess up with the activation process. You can of course experiment with such supplementation but I would keep the tests in the extra well, if you have enough cells to have an extra one. Instead, I would increase the percentage of serum during 1-2 passages (5-10% more than you usually use) and observe the effects. According to my experience, there is a good chance this may work, we were boosting some lympocyte lines with extra serum to increase the viability.
3) Check if there is no mycoplasm contamination. You can also pippet the cells every day to allow reforming the aggregates (and therefore getting rid of the dead cells from the inside of the aggregate). Also, play with splitting ratios. It can be especially important during the first passages after thawing, I would recommend to split the cells in a higher density than after 1-2 weeks of culturing them, they need to "wake up" and reach their max doubling rate, and sometimes it takes some time.
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Dear all,
I'm culturing several adherent cell lines. Recently, I noticed that I had dot-like particles in my cell cultures that have movement. Cell culture medium does not appear turbid. I suspected FBS contamination, so I started with new cells and a new batch of FBS, but the problem wasn't solved. I have attached the photos.
If anyone knows the problem, please reply.
Thank you so much, all.
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Spread about 50ul of FBS on antibiotic-free LB agar plate and incubate at 37°C overnight, if your FBS is contamined, you will see bacteria or fungal colonies.
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Our lab buys 500 mL bottles of RPMI-1640 Medium and stores them at 4C. Oftentimes, for my experiments, I only need about 100 mL total. So, I will make RPMI-1640 + 10% FBS with 90 mL of media and 10 mL of FBS. Then, I always tightly wrap parafilm around the remaining 400 mL of media and put it back in 4C.
  • Is the media still good?
  • What is the shelf life of the media after it has already been opened in a hood?
  • Can I come back, say in 3 months, and use another 100 mL from the opened bottle?
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3 month can be done. Much longer than that I'd aliquot & freeze once. Or just buy it new & sleep better.
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I work with cell culture of keratinocytes and from the second passage onwards I have to reduce the amount of calcium in the culture medium. Does anyone have a protocol on how to use the Chelex 100 resin (Bio-rad) to chelate calcium from a cell culture medium? Could you please share the protocol. The culture medium used is William medium E.
Thank you
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You may use the protocol followed in the Materials and Methods section of the below attached paper.
I came across another article that may be helpful.
Best.
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Will someone have a protocol or reference on using Ficoll-400 to separate viable vs dead cells in suspension cultures? I am culturing Jukrat cells but will also be culturing DU4475s soon. Thanks
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In case of Ficoll-paque, you may layer 18 ml cell suspension onto 12 ml Ficoll-paque mixture in a 50-ml centrifuge tube. You may centrifuge the tube at 400× g for 15 min. The live cells will collect at the interface and the dead ones will form a pellet at the bottom of the tube.
You may follow the above protocol for Ficoll-400.
You may want to refer to the article attached below for more information.
Regards,
Malcolm Nobre
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Hello everyone,
I renovate the cell list for the cells we store in -196 liquid nitrogen tank in our lab and I wonder what you include in your list for this. Cell name, passage number and the date I passage and store them in the tank are my elements for the list. What would you add beside these?
Thank you.
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I forgot to mention that I also add the cell count on freezing but other than that all these you recommend is really helpful.
Thank you all for the answers!
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Our CO2 supply is outside in a cage and there is fairly long distance pipework going around the outside of the wall to the entry point in the wall of the lab. Since turning late Autumn/early winter, some of our cells are starting to look a bit odd. It seems to get worse the colder it gets. The incubators are reading 5% CO2 (so unlikely a leak), the temperature is correct too. They are newish incubators, only serviced recently (we are getting our own CO2 meter to check soon too). All reagents were replaced (several times). Two different people have had the same problem, so not user error either (both experienced users). Different batches of cells have been tried too. Its the first time Ive ever used a supply from outside, (its usually next to the incubator) so I was wondering if it had an effect on anything as Im running out of ideas. Many thanks
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Bill Chi Shun Ho Thank you.
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I have tried to achieve a separation of the nucleus and cytoplasm by using RLN buffer+ NP40 (0.2%), and then proceeding with GeneMATRIX universal RNA purification kit (the same used for total RNA extraction) and followed cell culture RNA purification protocol. I have managed a separation with this protocol in HeLa cells, but SH-SY5Y cells seem to be very sensitive. I have added the protocols and would appreciate any suggestions.
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It's commendable that you're trying to optimize your protocols for the separation of nucleus and cytoplasm in different cell types. Since you've had success with HeLa cells but are encountering sensitivity issues with SH-SY5Y cells, here are some suggestions to consider:
  1. Optimize buffer conditions: The composition of RLN buffer can affect the efficiency of nucleus-cytoplasm separation. You may need to adjust the concentration of NP40 or other components in the buffer to better suit the sensitivity of SH-SY5Y cells. Try varying the NP40 concentration (within a range that maintains cell integrity) or consider using alternative lysis buffers optimized for neuronal cells.
  2. Gentle cell lysis: SH-SY5Y cells may be more sensitive to harsh lysis conditions. Ensure that you're performing gentle cell lysis to minimize cellular damage. You can try reducing the duration or intensity of cell lysis or exploring alternative lysis methods that are less disruptive to neuronal cells.
  3. Optimize cell harvesting: Ensure that you're harvesting SH-SY5Y cells under conditions that preserve cell integrity. Avoid over-trituration or excessive mechanical disruption during cell harvesting, as this can lead to increased sensitivity to lysis conditions.
  4. Assess cell viability: Before and after cell lysis, assess the viability of SH-SY5Y cells using appropriate viability assays (e.g., Trypan blue exclusion, MTT assay). This can help determine whether the sensitivity issues are due to cell death induced by the lysis procedure.
  5. Consider alternative methods: If you're still facing challenges, consider alternative methods for nucleus-cytoplasm separation in SH-SY5Y cells. Techniques such as differential centrifugation, gradient centrifugation, or commercially available kits optimized for neuronal cells may provide better results.
  6. Consult literature: Look for published protocols or studies that have successfully performed nucleus-cytoplasm separation in SH-SY5Y cells. These resources can provide valuable insights and guidance for optimizing your protocol.
By systematically optimizing your protocol and considering the specific characteristics of SH-SY5Y cells, you can improve the efficiency and sensitivity of nucleus-cytoplasm separation for downstream applications.
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I saw these structures forming in my cell culture. Does anyone know what these are? Have you experienced such a situation before?
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Hello Zehra,
Your cells look absolutely fine based on the images. The cells are adhered and the confluency is almost 70%. As you said, if you passaged it yesterday, you seeded at high cell density.The confluency is already too high, so the media is consumed very quickly and turns yellow. If you are using antibiotics, I don't think there is any contamination. If there is an expert nearby, maybe you can ask them to take a look at the cells under the microscope. I hope this helps. Good luck!
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I am trying to thaw S2R+ cells from the frozen culture. The cells (1 ml of cell culture) were frozen at passage 9 and stored at -80. I followed the steps below to thaw the cells from the frozen stock:
1. Take the vial with the cells and thaw it at 30 degrees in a water bath.
2. As soon as the culture is thawed and liquid, remove the vial from the water bath, and clean it using 70% ethanol. Take the 1 ml cell culture from the vial and add it to a 10 ml falcon containing 4 ml of complete Schneiders media (Complete S2 Media: 10% FBS, 1% Pen-Strep, 89% Schnieders Medium). Mix them nicely with pipetting.
3. Place the falcon, now with 5 ml components (1 ml of culture from stock and 4 ml fresh media) in a centrifuge at 100g for 10 min.
4. Remove the supernatant, which would contain DMSO, and then add fresh 5 ml of media (2.5 Fresh S2 Complete Media + 2.5 Conditioned S2 Media) and add this culture to the T-25 flask and let it incubate for 3-5 days before starting passaging.
I have attached the images (phase contrast images), which were taken after P10 (one passage after the above procedure of thawing and reculturing the stock). I see a lot of dead cells (Counted using Luna Cell Counter--> Viability is approximately 40%).
Am I doing something wrong while I reculture the frozen stock?? Or is it alright and I should just clear out the dead cells using low centrifugation speed for 10 minutes or so?
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As other mentioned, cryopreserved cells should be stored in vapor phase of liquid nitrogen or below -125°C. It may be too late to response to OP, but the cells look fine. The S2 cells can be grown as adherent or suspension in S2 medium containing 10% heat-inactivated FBS. Do not use antibiotics for the first 24-48 hours as it would affect the recovery of the cells after thawing. They love high cell density in culture. Make sure you keep the conditioned medium for cryostorage and future use. For passaging, I usually just dilute the cells a few folds with fresh medium and keep ~20% conditioned medium.
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I am growing small cell lung cancer suspension cells. How do I separate dead cells from live cells while splitting the cells after confluency in flask?
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Hello Chandra Kishore,
You may use density gradient centrifugation. In density gradient centrifugation depending on the density of the particles in the sample, similar substances will group together when exposed to rotational force. Because dead cells and cellular debris are fractured, they become less dense than living, healthy cells. Adding in certain separation reagents such as Ficoll can purify the sample by acting as a barrier that only one population can pass through.
For instance, in a 50 mL centrifuge tube, you may layer 18ml of your cell suspension onto 12ml of a Ficoll-paque combination. Centrifuge your tube for 15 minutes at 400x g. When centrifugation is complete, you will note that the live cells will collect at the interface and the dead ones will form a pellet at the bottom of the tube.
Another simple method as mentioned by Samir would include centrifuging the cell suspension at 150-200g for 10 mins. You may discard the supernatant which consists of cell debris and resuspend the cell pellet in fresh medium.
Best.
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Does anyone have a schematic for hypoxic containers for irradiation experiments? We want to irradiate cells under hypoxia, and need containers for cell culture flasks that can be closed airtight in an hypoxic incubator, and taken to the irradiation equipment.
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Dear Prof. Paul N. Span ,
Designing hypoxic containers for irradiation experiments involving cell culture flasks requires careful consideration to maintain the desired oxygen levels while ensuring airtightness during transportation to the irradiation equipment. Here's a schematic outlining one possible design for such containers:
Components:
  1. Hypoxic Incubator: Begin with a hypoxic incubator capable of maintaining low oxygen levels (e.g., less than 1-5% oxygen) suitable for hypoxic cell culture conditions. This serves as the primary environment for growing cells under hypoxia.
  2. Airtight Container: Select a sturdy, airtight container large enough to accommodate the cell culture flasks. The container should be made of materials compatible with hypoxic conditions and capable of maintaining a seal to prevent oxygen leakage.
  3. Cell Culture Flasks: Place the cell culture flasks containing the cells to be irradiated inside the airtight container. Ensure that the flasks are securely sealed to prevent any leakage of gases.
  4. Gas Inlet/Outlet Ports: Install gas inlet and outlet ports in the container to allow for the introduction of hypoxic gas mixtures and the removal of excess gases. These ports should be equipped with valves or stoppers to control gas flow.
  5. Gas Supply: Connect the gas inlet port to a gas supply source containing the desired hypoxic gas mixture, such as a gas cylinder containing a mixture of nitrogen and trace amounts of oxygen.
  6. Pressure Gauge: Include a pressure gauge to monitor the internal pressure within the container. This helps ensure that the container remains airtight and maintains the desired hypoxic conditions.
  7. Transportation Handles: Attach handles or grips to the container to facilitate easy transportation to the irradiation equipment.
  8. Irradiation Equipment: Position the container near the irradiation equipment once transported to the irradiation facility. Ensure that the container remains sealed during transportation to prevent oxygen exposure.
Operation:
  1. Place the cell culture flasks inside the airtight container within the hypoxic incubator.
  2. Connect the gas inlet port to the hypoxic gas supply and adjust the flow rate to achieve the desired oxygen concentration within the container.
  3. Monitor the internal pressure and oxygen levels within the container using the pressure gauge and any additional monitoring equipment.
  4. Once the cells have been exposed to hypoxic conditions for the desired duration, carefully transport the sealed container to the irradiation equipment.
  5. Position the container near the irradiation equipment and ensure that it remains sealed throughout the irradiation process to prevent oxygen exposure.
  6. After irradiation, transport the container back to the hypoxic incubator for further cell culture or analysis.
  7. Dispose of any waste materials according to appropriate safety protocols and regulations.
This schematic provides a basic outline for designing hypoxic containers for irradiation experiments involving cell culture flasks. Adjustments may be necessary based on specific experimental requirements and equipment availability. Additionally, ensure compliance with relevant safety guidelines and regulations when working with hypoxic environments and irradiation equipment.
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How to sterilize a polymer grafted with a photoinitiator before cell culture?
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If your materials are compatible formaldehyde is also an option.
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i am trying to culture the cells and see how these MEFs differentiate but each time i change the media the micromass layer(with 100,000 cells) is disrupted and i get to see them in a monolayer instead of being in a compact form.
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Volodymyr Dzhyvak thank you for your response
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I am looking for a mammalian cell media with a few specific supplements, but it is not available for purchase from any vendor. The lab-grade supplements are pretty expensive and are sold in either huge tubs or in tiny amounts. I thought to just buy the required supplements (L-arginine and L-lysine) in the pharmacy and add appropriate amount to my media. Do you think it is ok? I shouldn't list the source of supplements when it is time to publish? The pack size and purity of pharmacy-sold supplements seem to be suitable for my experiment.
Cheers,
Maria
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Whatever you end up doing, not listing the source would not be OK. Think about it, if someone had to replicate it, this could be an important variable that needs to be considered. You should always disclose your experimental methods as much as you can, replication is crucial in science.
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Hello! The freezing protocol for MSCs I have been performing says to freeze 1 ml of cell suspension. I was told that in order to keep confluence, I must add only 1 ml to the pellet of cells and freeze that 1 ml in a criovial. However, my doubt is if instead of freezing in a criovial the 1 ml, I could divide by 3 criovial (around 330µl), increasing the stock of frozen cells.
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Generally, people freeze 1 million cells/1ml in freezing media but this is a general guideline. We have frozen between 0.5-5 million cells per ml or per 0.5ml with good recovery. Avoid low and extremely high cell densities as this leads to increased cell loss after thawing.
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Dear researchers kindly let me know is it will be feasible to culture blood cells in animal cell culture lab and put the isolated cells to grow in cell culture medium in the same CO2 incubator in which cancer cells are growing? Or it will create problems or have to put separately?
Needs your valuable suggestions
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I would add a couple of comments to the response by Robert J Walter. In my experience the primary source of cross contamination is feeding, trypsinizing, washing etc different cultures from the same media/trypsin/HBSS bottles. You should always have a different bottle of media etc, even if the same type of media for each cell line/primary culture. In addition, always change pipettes etc between different cell cultures. Of course if you get mycoplasma contamination, kill everything in the incubator, sterilize the incubator, throw out all media, trypsin and saline etc and start over.
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I've designed media for CHO cells, without Glutamine! But when they're in large scale, the cells were damaged and decreased their viability. What's your refer ?
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You may use Glutamax instead. Glutamax, which is L-alanyl-L-glutamine dipeptide could substitute for L-glutamine in your cell culture media, resulting in efficient energy metabolism and high-growth yield, without the detrimental effects of excess ammonia on your cells. Moreover, Glutamax does not degrade into ammonia during prolonged incubation. The mechanism of dipeptide utilization involves a gradual release of peptidase during culturing, which allows a gradual hydrolysis of the dipeptide in the medium.
I had used Glutamax for CHO cells to produce therapeutic proteins and grown them at high cell densities in serum free suspension culture. The
CHO cells had shown improved growth, protein expression and decreased ammonia accumulation.
L-glutamine is preferably not used in cell culture media as it spontaneously degrades, generating toxic ammonia and pyrrolidine carboxylic acid as by-products.
Best.
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Can anyone advise me on leader sequences to obtain recombinant proteins that are secreted by the cell culture? I should use mammalian cells for expression (from the Expi293 kit by ThermoFisher), and I would like my protein to be secreted. There is literature suggesting the use of the Ig-k chain or the CD33 sequence, but I can't find the reference coding sequence. Also, since the leader sequence would need to be added to a primer for PCR, is there a risk of it becoming too long?
Thank you for your help
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Dear Laura
i successfully used the following leader sequences
1) MRPGTALQAVLLAVLLVGLRAATG
and
2)MVLAQGLLSMALLALCWERSLAGA
those work both quite well for antigens produced in Expi293
while i'm using the following sequence:
1) MGWSCIILFLVATATGVHS
for monoclonal antibodies produced in ExpiCHO
Regarding the addition to primers, i suggest to you to introduce it in your trasfection vector. You can easily modify it using the PIPE cloning as reported in my post:
best regards
Manuele
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I borrowed a bottle of HEK293T cell culture from someone else, but after one passage, the cell morphology became very strange and not round at all. May I ask why? We used T25 culture flasks and digested them with 500 microliters of pancreatic enzyme at 37 degrees Celsius for 30 seconds.
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Dear colleague, it is quite obvious from your micrograph that almost all the cells in your culture have obvious morphological signs of apoptosis. Consequently, the culture as a whole has experienced some lethal impact (infection, toxin, untimely passage, etc.).
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Hello Everyone, may I ask one question.
Caco2 cells were culture on hydrogel with different concentration. Color changes of medium was detected on some well after 3 weeks of cell culture. Can someone please give me a clue of what could be the main possibility?
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Noted. I haven't checked under a phase contrast microscope. Thank you for advice.
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Hi
I have be studying on bone derived MSC and in the begining I did passaging, ICC, freezing cells and defrosting cells. There was no problem but now my MSC cell cultures were infected two times and I could not find the reason.
I have suspected;
1. Last time I forgot to wash my cells before trypsinization but this affects only number of cell that I gained.
2. I have realized I was doing differentiation assay at the same time and cells in diffrentiation media were not affected from infection. In my diffrentiation media I was using gentamycine and in control media I used penicillin/streptomycin (Pen/Strep). Is this the reason or Pen/Strep does not work?
3.I recieved the cells on 6/12/2023 and I passaged them 16/12/2023 and I fed them on 19/12/2023. There was no problem and I would feed and passage them on 22/12/2023 but I have learnt they were infected?
I was checking them every feeding time is that enough or should I check them every day under microscope ? I do not want them they are infected or disturbed.
I will be so happy if you share your thoughts because I do not want to lose my cells because of infection third time?
Thank you
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Jeanne Pawitan Thank you so much.
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Hello everyone,
I would like to use platelets in a co-culture with other cells.
I was wondering which are the conditions to keep alive the platelets:
-since I am going to buy my platelets, I was wondering if they can be shipped on ice
-which buffer do I need to keep them alive during the shipment?
-I saw some papers where they were kept in culture with RPMI, do you have any suggestion/ideas about that?
Looking for your help
Thank you in advance
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Dear Giulia,
How is your experiment going?
I hope all things are fine with you. Good Luck.
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Hi, everyone.
I resently made the expression and purification of a GST recombinant protein. I am wondering whether this protein can have its function by added in the 293T or HeLa cell culture?
If not, any methods to make this protein have function?
Thanks!
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Hi Sebastian
Sebastian Schmitt
, Thank you very much.
I understand now that my recombinant protein may have no function in cell culture because it is a Intracellular protein.
The difficulty for me to transfect the plasmid of this gene, is the low efficiency of transfection in HeLa or my working cells even by Lipo2000.
All the same, thanks for your insight comment.
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Hi,
I have been trying to find the most appropriate protocol for myself to treat mouse splenocytes with fatty acids, but I am not sure what the most appropriate condition is for the experiment.
I have checked fatty acid levels in mouse plasma using mass spec and am trying to mimic the concentrations detected by mass spec. The plasma free fatty acids (FFA) was extracted using 90% methanol. The question is what is the best method to treat cells with different FAs if I want to mimic the plasma Fatty acid levels in culture?
I am considering between the two conditions below  for my experiment
1. Complex FA to BSA and use FA-albumin complex to treat the splencoytes for the assay
2. Dissolve FA in an appropriate solvent (i.e. DMSO, ethanol, etc) to make FFA solution.
If any of you could give me great advice/explanation, that would be really appreciated. Thanks for your help!
Kind Regards,
Takumi
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Hello after making my 100mM working concentration can you tell me how much of a 100mM stock i should add to my cells ? thank you
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How long cancer cell can survive in trypsin and complete media (1:6) solution in room temperature (bsc)?
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They are fine, need not to worry, by tomorrow morning, they will be excellent
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Hello everyone,
I'm curently working on HaCaT cells which require low calcium medium to return to undifferentiate state. To do so, I need to chelate my FBS for 1h with chelex resin among other things.
Typical protocol suggests to chelate FBS, add to medium, then sterile filter the complete medium.
As only the FBS + chelex is not sterile and because filters are not that cheap, I rather filter sterilize a complete bottle of chelated FBS and then use it to complete my medium bottle.
Problem is the resin is clogging my 0.22µm filter, even 0.45µm get clogged before getting the 500mL of FBS passed through...
I was wondering if anyone had come across this problem and may have a handy solution.
- should I centrifuge the bottle before filtration and leave a dead volume ?
(i tried 5min 1500g but it didn't help much) maybe go higher ?
- maybe pass the FBS through a 80µm cellular sieve ?
- any ideas ?
Thanks for your time,
Philippe.
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There are a few strategies you can try to improve the filtration process:
Pre-filtration or Centrifugation:
As you suggested, centrifugation can help remove larger particles before filtration. You might need to optimize the centrifugation conditions, such as increasing the speed or duration.
Pre-filtration through a larger pore size filter (e.g., 80µm) or a cell strainer can also help remove larger particles before using the 0.22µm filter.
Multiple Filtration Steps:
Consider using a stepwise filtration approach. For example, you can first filter through a larger pore size (e.g., 0.45µm) and then use the filtrate for a subsequent filtration through a 0.22µm filter. This can reduce the load on the finer filter.
Filter Washing:
If the filter becomes clogged, you might try washing it with an appropriate solvent to remove the accumulated material. This could be done during or after the filtration process.
Use of Filter Aids:
Some researchers use filter aids to enhance filtration. For example, diatomaceous earth or filter aid pads can sometimes be used in conjunction with the filter to improve flow.
Optimizing Chelex Resin Chelation:
Ensure that the chelex resin chelation process is optimized to minimize the presence of particles. You might want to try different incubation times or concentrations to find the most effective conditions.
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Hi!
I want to deproteinize a sample and then apply the resulting deproteinized product to cells in culture (PBMCs). Which method can I use for this? I thought about TCA, but I am not sure whether, even after neutralization, the sample would be toxic for the cells.
Thank you in advance.
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Patricia Román-Carrasco, since it is based on pore size I would expect it to preserve most lipids and carbohydrates unless they were large polymers such as glycogen etc.
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Hello, is anyone doing cell culture for shrimp hemocytes? I have a problem with cell sorting; I cannot get the cell sorted out. I hypothesize that I used the L15 medium and did not adjust the osmolarity. Does anyone know about the L15 medium? Should we adjust the osmolarity of the L15 medium based on the osmolarity of shrimp hemocytes?
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Yes, adjust the osmolarity. Also adjust the pH. Both properties can be critical.
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Dear all,
I recently encountered a problem with how to add exogenous ceramide to cell culture to monitor their biological effects. Currently, we want to add two ceramides to the cell culture: Ceramide (d18:0/24:0) and Glucosylceramide (plant), but we found it was only a little soluble in chloroform or DMF. These organic solvents cannot add 1% to cell culture which will also limit these ceramides' delivery to cells. Does have any better buffer that could form the lipid vesicle or stable suspension for subsequent cell treatment? Please the lipids experts or biologists give us some suggestions or advice, thank you very much!
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I borrowed the dodecane from my chemical friends but they all never use this one. So may I know if could we use the ethanol: hexane (98:2,v/v) solvent instead?
Thank you very much!
Look forward to hearing you back soon.
Best,
Bingpeng
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I recently purchased a vial of Cynom-K1 cells. I grew them up over several weeks as they were of VERY poor viability when they showed up. Expanded them, froze back 35 vials, saved a couple million and did a DNA extraction. Amplified an intron from a region for which I had Cyno and Rhesus sequence to confirm that these were actually Cyno cells. To my surprise they were HUMAN. A warning to anyone getting in cells, make sure you know what you have before starting any work with them.
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What's this underselling yourself about? Taking a lesson and learning from it. That's the best you can ever do. I think that's exactly what you get full credit for.
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When I tried to prepare a solution of enzalutamide of 1000 uM in cell culture medium from a solution of 1 M of enzalutamide in DMSO the drug precipitated. I've tried changing the pH and the temperature but without success. :( Any tips?
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The stuff is insoluble in water. The best you can do is a suspension.
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I am working through the challenges of cell isolation from the rat heart. I am using VSMC media and endothelial cell media. In a homogeneous mixture of cells, would these media favor only the growth of the 1 cell type that they are optimized for? For example, I know endothelial cells require specific hormone factors which other media lacks. Or would other cells proliferate just as well in these media? For example, vsmcs in endothelial cell medium or fibroblasts etc.
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I find it difficult to believe that with some type of basal medium you are able to select a specific cell type without any other stimulus. For example, I don't think you can prevent the growth and proliferation of fibroblasts just by using a basal medium. It is one thing to favor the growth of a specific type, and quite another to select it. I have always had to use additional processes to select cells (for example, differential adhesion, explant clearance or differential toxicity). Only in some cases where the cells are very isolated you can culture directly on basal medium, but the risk of another cell type growing is always there.
I hope I have understood you well and helped you.
All the best
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Hi all,
I have been doing drug screening on clinical samples and multiple 384-well plates are used for each samples. However, when we look at the cell number in the DMSO control on each plate, there is a trend of decreasing number of cells from plate 1 to plate 5. There is no problem within the plate i.e. cell numbers are even in the same plate.
The way I do it is to use a Pipetboy, mix the cell solution a few times, and take 8 mL and put it in the reservoir. Then they were pipetted them using a electronic multichannel pipette which can dispense 4 columns of wells for each aspiration. I rocked the reservoir back and forth before each aspiration. After finishing one plate, I mix the cell solution thoroughly again and take another 6-8 mL of cells to the reservoir. The tips and reservoir I used are both from Integra.
This happens to both cell lines and primary samples, and it has been bothering me for a long time. Has anyone seen the same problem and has a solution for it?
Many thanks.
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Kent Fung I would speculate that rocking may actually be causing segregation in the sample between the larger or more dense cells. Other solution (not a bad pun!) is to integrate the values from all wells/plates and thus measure the entire 8 mL of sample. No sampling errors if all is measured...
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On the cell surface, there are some circle-like bubbles.
Is this contamination?
I want to know about that.
Thank you.
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Hello Roh Ji Hun,
It is not contamination. The circle- like bubbles that you observe are cells. It is a sign that the cells are undergoing mitosis. In adherent cells, this process begins in early prophase when cells decrease substrate adhesion and round up to assume a characteristic spherical shape. This process of cell rounding in early mitosis is a feature in animal cell division which is observed in cells in 2D and 3D culture. By creating a spherical cell shape at metaphase, mitotic rounding ensures that there is sufficient space within the cell to form mitotic spindle.
Best.
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I have been isolating microvesicles from HT29 and MA104 cell lines. However, I am not sure which antibody to use to validate the isolation. I have been reading about selectin, integrin and flotillin-2. Could someone suggest me the one that would be the most appropriate for cell culture derived microvesicles?
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Thank you! We are thinking about that option too.
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Hello there.
I've been having a really hard time with my cultures of human immortalized podocytes. Everytime I put them under differentiation conditions, they die because of contamination.
For more context, this culture is expanded in DMEM F12 10% FBS at 33°C until confluence. Then, for differentiation, it's subcultered into some plastic previously coated with laminin/fibronectin and maintained with RPMI 1% FBS 1X ITS at 37°C, with media changes every other day.
When the cultures are expanding they're fine, but when I start the differentiation they die before a week, that's to say, about the second media change. Cells look detached, media looks cloudy and slightly basic, and I've seen small dark dots, so I'm guessing it's bacterial contamination.
No other culture at 37°C gets contaminated, we've prepared new media, new PBS, I've thawed several vials frozen at different times and everytime I get the same results.
So, do you think it's bacterial contamination? Is it possible that the source of contamination is the laminin/fibronectin solution or the ITS? Obviously the problem starts when that is used (I have some other podocyte cultures that are not contaminated when expanding, even for weeks) and those are the only reagents that haven't been changed, could bacteria resist there?
Than you in advance
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Cell aging. I had the same experience as you, throwing away the cells and replacing them with new ones.
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For how long can human non cancerous pancreatic cells survive at room temperature under a microscope? I would really appreciate it if anyone with experience can tell me if their cells survived in this condition. The microscope was on and the cells stayed for about 3 hours.
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Although you can mitigate pH changes using HEPES or other appropriate buffer, I would be more worried about the duration of the light exposure heating the sample above 37 deg C. If the light is turned off between users, there should not be much of a problem, but if you have student after student looking at the constantly illuminated sample, there could be a problem.
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Something went wrong with our cell incubator over the weekend so to my knowledge the cells inside were deprived of a sufficient level of Carbon Dioxide for about 24 hours. The photo attached shows the state of the cells.
The cells are NTERA-D2 cells. Passage number 16.
Magnification is 10X.
Cells were passaged 3 days ago into a T-25 flask.
My question is; Can I salvage these cells so they can be used for rtq-PCR and colony formation assays? Or should I just thaw a new vial of NTERA cells?
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Without CO2 supply, cells are adversely affected within five minutes. Usually, when there is a technical fault in the CO2 incubator and CO2 supply is shut, one can minimize pH change by supplementing the media with 25 mM HEPES buffer. Cells can proliferate without CO2 if the medium is buffered with 25 mM HEPES at pH 7.4, but this environment is viable for no more than 10 hours and is highly dependent upon type of cell line and cell concentration.
Cells deprived of sufficient level of CO2 for about 24 hours may be stressful to the cells, and may result in irreversible damage. I would recommend that you should not waste time salvaging these cells as they would not be healthy as before and therefore unsuitable for any cell-based assay. Since you have NTERA-D2 cells in stock, you should go ahead and thaw a new vial.
Best.
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Hi everyone
I have access to some HUVECs from LONZA. However, I am considering using an alternative media instead of Lonza EGM Endothelial Cell Growth Medium BulletKit.
Has anyone ever used other media with these cells?
For example, can DMEM/F12 and 10% FBS be a good alternative?
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Yes, you may consider using an alternative media for HUVEC. Please refer to the link below.
Best.
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Dear everyone,
I am currently working with SH-SY5Y cells obtained from ATCC. The cells were received at passage 26 and displayed normal morphology up to passage 32 (lab passage 6). However, at passage 32 (lab 6), they start to grow weird and display aberrant morphology. I have attached images at passage 36, but similar things start to happen already at p32.
I have previously worked with SH-SY5Y cells from ECACC, which were obtained at passage 14. These cells exhibited a faster growth rate compared to the current ATCC cells, which have an estimated doubling time of 2-3 days.
Culture Conditions:
  • Medium: DMEM/F12 with 10% FBS, 1% NEAA, 1% P/S, 1% L-glutamine (consistent with the conditions used for the ECACC cells).
  • Medium change every 2-3 days based on confluence.
  • Floating cells are centrifuged during medium changes.
I am seeking insights regarding the observed changes in morphology and growth rate. Could the observed differences be attributed to the higher passage number at which the cells were obtained from ATCC? Are there any known peculiarities or recommendations for the culture of SH-SY5Y cells from ATCC?
I have also included images of ATCC cells that were frozen at passage 3. The image was taken 2 days post-thaw, and during the thawing process, I employed centrifugation to eliminate DMSO. For thawing I used 20% FBS instead of the usual 10%.
Any guidance or relevant literature on optimizing the culture conditions for SH-SY5Y cells from ATCC and potential modifications to the thawing process would be highly appreciated.
Thank you for your expertise and assistance.
Sincerely,
Ivan Mamic, MPharm
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Dear Adam! Thank you for your response. I have been using these cells for quite some time to differentiate them into dopaminergic-like cells for toxicity testing.
I make 50 mL aliqouts of complete culture medium, and I warm up all of it.
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How can I confirm that the cells isolated from the abdominal cavity of rats, following peritoneal lavage with dPBS and antibiotics, and subsequently centrifuged and plated, are indeed macrophages, given their rounded morphology (with only the nucleus visible under an inverted optical microscope)?
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you should use flowcytometry or IHC for CD markers of cells
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Hi everyone , I have attchated the photo of the most recent infections that i faced in my cell culture , its strange that they seem to not kill my cell lines , the most reason for them is the infection in incubator but i want to know if anyone also solve this problem and how ??
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Hi Mandana, It looks to me like you have a lot of debris in your media. Especially since it doesn't kill your cells. Try filtering your media and see if that clears it up.
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I intend to explore the integration of computational biology and artificial intelligence (AI) with laboratory and experimental work, encompassing animal models, cell culture, clinical trials, and molecular studies. As a clinical biochemistry student with a keen interest in AI, I believe this interdisciplinary approach holds immense potential for advancement and innovation.
However, I face the challenge of identifying relevant literature in this emerging field. I would greatly appreciate guidance on effective keywords and search strategies to navigate this landscape of research and achieve my research goals.
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I think that Ross King (currently at Chalmers University of Technology) has a good number of publications that have made significant contributions to the subject of AI in science. You can look at some of his publications at one of the following links.
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In some studies (especially cancer research), a relevant cell line (e.g. endometrial cell line) is used in cell culture together with an unrelated cell line (e.g. kidney cell line). However, the unrelated cell line is not used in all subsequent experiments. What is the reason for this?
Do I have to use different cell lines in my study?
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Using two different cell lines in culture studies can offer several advantages and help researchers obtain more comprehensive and reliable results. Here are some reasons why researchers might choose to use multiple cell lines:
  1. Relevance to Human Diversity:Different cell lines may better represent the diversity of human tissues. Using only one cell line may limit the generalizability of the findings. Researchers often aim to study the response of various cell types to understand how different tissues or organs might react.
  2. Modeling Disease Variability:Diseases can manifest differently in different tissues or cell types. By using multiple cell lines, researchers can model the variability of disease responses across different tissues, providing a more accurate representation of the complexity of diseases.
  3. Confirmation of Results:Obtaining consistent results across different cell lines adds robustness to the findings. If a particular effect or response is observed in multiple cell lines, it increases confidence in the validity of the results and suggests that the observed phenomenon is not limited to a specific cell type.
  4. Cross-Validation of Findings:Using different cell lines helps validate the results and ensures that the observed effects are not specific to a particular cell line's characteristics. This cross-validation is important for drawing more reliable conclusions about the biological processes being studied.
  5. Avoiding Cell Line-Specific Artifacts:Some cell lines may have unique characteristics or mutations that could influence experimental outcomes. By using multiple cell lines, researchers can identify whether an observed effect is due to the experimental conditions or is an artifact of a particular cell line.
  6. Enhancing Translational Relevance:To make research findings more applicable to human biology, researchers may choose cell lines that are more representative of the target tissue or organ. This enhances the translational relevance of the study and increases the likelihood that findings can be extrapolated to clinical settings.
  7. Understanding Cellular Crosstalk:Different cell types within an organism often communicate with each other. Using multiple cell lines allows researchers to investigate the crosstalk between different cell types, providing insights into complex cellular interactions.
  8. Exploring Mechanistic Differences:Various cell lines may exhibit differences in gene expression, signaling pathways, or other molecular characteristics. Studying these differences can help researchers understand the mechanistic details of a biological process and identify factors that contribute to variability in cellular responses.
In summary, using two or more different cell lines in culture studies helps researchers account for biological diversity, validate findings, and enhance the overall reliability and applicability of their results.
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Hi, I'm exploring ways to sterilise my instruments used in cell culture to dissecte unfixed live human eye tissue. Does anyone have an ideal protocol for sonication or other sterilisation methods?
thanks
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I agree with Anne. I clean the surgicals thoroughly with 70% ethanol and then autoclave for use in cell culture.
Thanks,
Samir
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The experiment consist in testing 2 types of b cells with different stimuli and measure the antibody title concentration after 3 days of culture. I don´t know how to calculate how many people do I need to obtain enough b cells for cell culture
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I briefly wanted to reach out concerning your inquiry. I had very good results with the negative selection kits for B cells from Miltenyi, irrespective if you use mice or humans as per:
They do provide nice yields for healthy, non-immunocompromised individuals in the paper.
You may also consider density gradient centrifugation for PBMC isolation, as per:
If you use the optimized protocol as an estimate you can expect 10 M cells/ per 10 mL blood (with up to 20 M being possible). In circulation you will have between 10-20% B cells, which should yield on ca. 1 M B cells per healthy individual and (and in the absolute best case 4 M B cells) per 10 mL blood. Again, these are ballpark numbers, which strongly depend on the health status of your study individuals.
For mice, please check the attached papers (for protocols, stimulation and functional readouts.
All the best & good luck with your experiment!
Michael
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I was doing a rough test for infection in L-15 media (supplemented with FBS and anti-anti), and observed this in the flask after incubating overnight. To be clear, I put pure media in a flask, and incubated it over night at 37 C. The flask doesn't contain any cell cultures. 
Are these crystals from the media precipitating out? Or could it be some type of bacteria?
The pictures attached are of the structure under microscope, and then a higher magnification of the same structure. 
Thank you!
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hi lily , i also faced the same infection in my cell cultures , i use DMEM with antibiotic but i think they are more like non-bacterial infections ,can you let me know if you noticed the kind of this infection or how we can treat them??
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Hi everyone,
i might have a dumb question... my fish cells keep detaching and dying after a few days of culture so no i am trying to find a solution to this problem.
They grow at 19°C without CO2. I only have experience with mammalian cells. I bought a new incubator, which has no extra water tank. Now my question is: Do i need to place a tray or something in the incubator, even if the cells grow at low temperature? Might this be the reason they keep dying?
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The try used to saturate the air with water should be of the same osmotic strength as the medium the cells are in. If this is not done there will be a slow transfer of water from the osmotically weaker to the stronger solution. Depending on how frequently you change the medium this may or may not be a problem. The pH of the media may also increase due to CO2 loss therefore the atmosphere above the cells should have the appropriate CO2 concentration to circumvent this effect.
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Hello,
Just a question from any immunologist or cell culture expert who would know what the black granules that look sort of like eosinophilic granules are in the cultured immortalized B-cells.
Thank you for your time!
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I am not immunologist but in my opinion the description you provided, it's possible that the black granules in the cultured immortalized B-cells could be a result of cellular debris, contamination, or a reaction to the culture conditions. To accurately identify these granules and their significance, it would be best to consult a specialist or conduct further laboratory analysis.
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I have been experiencing difficulty growing SKBr3 cells. They grow for a day or two then round up, float off the surface, and die. I use McCoy's media with 10% serum. I suspect it may have something to do with the surface I grow them on. Any suggestions? How do you grow SKBr3s?
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We cultured SKBR3 cells in DMEM low glucose medium with 12% FBS. it had very good morphology and get confluent with in 2 days after seeding. it is advised to split them before reaching above 80% confluency. For subculturing use 1x trypsin EDTA (300ul for T25 and 1ml For T75 flask, with incubation time 3 min)
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Hello,
Our lab is struggling with contamination despite taking every precaution necessary to maintain a sterile environment. The images shown are mature iPSC-derived neurons, but the contamination is also found in NPCs and neuroblastoma cells. We have had this contamination off and on since December, and it tends to occur every 4-5 weeks. For the NPCs and mature neurons we use media from Stemcell technologies and Anti-Anti. The neuroblastoma cells are in EMEM/F12, FBS, and pen-strep.
Can anyone identify what this contamination this is, and how we can fight it?
Thank you so much for your help!
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hello
Your photos show contamination with fungal hyphae
sterilise your whole incubator, materials to remove spores that may have contaminated your cell lab .
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I've been growing these cells for a while, but they're not growing as fast as they should, and they're look weak and I've Spheral shapes round cells, does anyone know what these are?
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just cells that instead of growing on the side, grow on top of each other. very common with colon cancer cell lines that tend to be sticky and hard to dissociate.
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Is that ok to use DMEM media for maintaining beas2b cell line?
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The recommended media is BEGM (Bronchial Epithelial Cell Growth Medium) which is specially designed to support the growth of human primary bronchial epithelial cells such as BEAS-2B. You may refer to the link below.
You may also use LHC-9 media. Please see the link below.
You may use DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS. But I would not recommend this media because it is likely to change the cell phenotype which may be visible in culture after a week’s time.
Please refer to the below attached paper in which DMEM has been used to culture BEAS-2B cells.
Best.
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I am trying to do a lentiviral transduction of U87 cells. I propagated viruses with PEI in HEK2923T cells. Although the protocol I used was previously optimized by our team, I failed to infect U87 cells. The only difference from our other experiments is that we're doing it with younger U87 cells. The dose I used for the blasticidine selection is 3 µg / ml. What are your suggestions for a more effective transduction?
Thanks
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Hello
Has anyone tried using gene pulser electroporator on U87?. Ive been trying 240V, 15ms squared wave but my efficiency is low.
try with GFP?
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Hi,
I have extensive 2D and 3D spheroid cell culture experience and I am considering a multi-cellular culture whereby I layer cell types on top of each other, for example stromal fibroblasts followed by epithelial cells.
Is it as simple as timing the addition of the second layer (the top) of cells addition so that both layers become confluent at a similar time, providing I use the correct mix of media and supplements for both cell types?
Or is there a little more to it such as an ECM coating of say fibronectin to stick the second layer to the first layer?
Many Thanks,
Ethan
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If you don't want to use robot -printed matrices or microfluidics, the old fashioned way is to seed the fibroblasts in a collagen coating , then plate the epithelial cells onto the collagen. An example:
If you are interested in diffusible factor effects, cells can be seeded on opposite sides of cell culture inserts.
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I'm trying to develop a reliable protocol for a caco-2 transport assay, but I'm encountering a problem with the TEER not being stable over the course of the assay.
I measure the TEER before I start the assay, after a 15 min wash in buffer, after I add the test compound, and after a 4-hour incubation before collecting the samples.
All my wells are seeded at the same time and have similar TEER values before I start the experiment, but over the course of it, some of them randomly drop by varying amounts. There doesn't seem to be a strong correlation between the drop and my treatment compounds. For each condition, some drop, and some don't, even with my controls. Sometimes it's an entire plate and sometimes it's one or two wells. I'll run a test of my conditions, and the TEER will be fine and then I'll do it again with cells of a similar age and passage number and all of the TEER values will be bad.
This is a huge problem because once the TEER falls past a certain point, the transport of my control (lucifer yellow) and my target start to exponentially increase, although at different rates, rendering the data useless. Given the time and cost of these experiments, I really can't afford this.
I'm fairly new to caco-2 cell culture. Does anyone have more experience and know what causes this or how to prevent it? The TEER doesn't fall all the way like it would if I were scraping the monolayer with the probe or something.
Conditions:
-Cells cultured on transwell inserts for 21 days, TEER around 1350 ohms/cm2.
-Culture media: DMEM +10% FBS, 1x antibiotic/antimycotic, changed twice a week
-Transport assay:
-rinse cells 1x with 1x HBSS +Ca, Mg
-Replace rinse with treatment buffer: 1x HBSS + Ca, Mg, 20 mM HEPES, 25 mM Glucose pH 7.0
-Remove buffer, add test compounds prepared in treatment buffer to apical wells
- place plate in receiver wells containing plain treatment buffer
-Incubate 4 hr at 37 degrees in a cell culture incubator
-Collect basal samples
*All test solutions are adjusted to pH 7.0 (due to different natural buffer capacities, this results in differences in salt concentrations but again, drops don't correlate strongly to any given test compound).
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Yes. Your experience is quite real One of the frustrations of measuring TEER and relying upon it only for BBB integrity. I suggest you do not move the probes from cell to cell in a multi chamber system.
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The caveat with manufacturer recommended media is that it's expensive. Or can I just search literatures and use media recommended in the papers?
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Malcolm Nobre Bénédicte Giroudot Thank you guys, for your suggestion. You guys are awesone. Probably, will have to find an alternate way out.
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I have this problem for sometime that Microglia cells in these PLL coated wells are dying after sometime cause they don't adhere to the coverglasses, I've tried different strategies and it shouldn't be a complicated process but still nothing :(
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Remove the DPBS at the last minute!