Drugs - Science topic

I have a numeric dependent variable (drug reports in schools) with three binary categorical predictors - whether schools receive drug training, whether schools receive discipline training, and whether schools have a high or low number of intervention practices. I have made all of these factor variables, and I am now struggling to test the assumptions of my regression analysis. Why is the scatterplot showing vertical lines? Do I need to change my Rcode? I have attatched everything below and any help would be great!

model <- lm(log_drug ~ practice_hilo + alcohol_drugabuse_f + discipline_policies_f, data = school_safety)

summary(model)

Call:

lm(formula = log_drug ~ practice_hilo + alcohol_drugabuse_f +

discipline_policies_f, data = school_safety)

Residuals:

Min 1Q Median 3Q Max

-1.864 -1.079 -0.273 1.062 4.014

Coefficients:

Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)

(Intercept) 1.37159 0.06750 20.320 <2e-16 ***

practice_hiloLow Value -0.51009 0.05397 -9.451 <2e-16 ***

alcohol_drugabuse_fYes 0.49221 0.05727 8.594 <2e-16 ***

discipline_policies_fYes -0.09211 0.06485 -1.420 0.156

---

Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

Residual standard error: 1.323 on 2720 degrees of freedom

Multiple R-squared: 0.07806, Adjusted R-squared: 0.07704

F-statistic: 76.76 on 3 and 2720 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16

I need to prepare the above solution as a vehicle for a drug to be administered p.o. but I am struggling to find a clear protocol.

As I understand it, the methylcellulose should be added to heated H2O to aid solubility - i.e. heat H2O to 80 degrees celsius with stirring and then slowly add methylcellulose to the water until it forms a cloudy white solution, stirring for roughly 30 minutes.

Then keep the 0.5% methycellulose (2.5g in 500ml water for example) at 4 degrees with stirring overnight until the solution turns clear. Then add the appropriate volume of Tween80 to produce final of 0.2%.

Can anyone recommend any changes to the above protocol or is this correct?

There are many indications that artificial intelligence technology can be of great help in terms of discovering and creating new drugs. Artificial intelligence can help reduce the cost of developing new drugs, can significantly reduce the time it takes to design and create new drug formulations, the time it takes to conduct research and testing, and can thus provide patients with new therapies for treating various diseases and saving lives faster. Thanks to the use of new technologies and analytical methods, the way healthcare professionals treat patients has been changing rapidly in recent times. As scientists manage to overcome the complex problems associated with lengthy research processes, and the pharmaceutical industry seeks to reduce the time it takes to develop life-saving drugs, so-called precision medicine is coming to the rescue. It takes a lot of time to develop, analyze, test and bring a new drug to market. Artificial intelligence technology is particularly helpful in this regard, including reducing the aforementioned time to create a new drug. When creating most drugs, the first step is to synthesize a compound that can bind to a target molecule associated with the disease. The molecule in question is usually a protein, which is then tested for various influencing factors. In order to find the right compound, researchers analyze thousands of potential candidates of different molecules. When a compound that meets certain characteristics is successfully identified, then researchers search through huge libraries of similar compounds to find the optimal interaction with the protein responsible for the specific disease. In contrast, many years of time and many millions of dollars of funding are required to complete this labor-intensive process today. In a situation where artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning are involved in this process, then the entire process can be significantly reduced in time, costs can be significantly reduced and the new drug can be brought to the pharmaceutical market faster by pharmaceutical companies. However, can an artificial intelligence equipped with artificial neural networks that has been taught through deep learning to carry out the above-mentioned processes get it wrong when creating a new drug? What if the drug that was supposed to cure a person of a particular disease produces a number of new side effects that prove even more problematic for the patient than the original disease from which it was supposed to be cured? What if the patient dies due to previously unforeseen side effects? Will insurance companies recognize the artificial intelligence's mistake and compensate the family of the deceased patient? Who will bear the legal, financial, ethical, etc. responsibility for such a situation?

I described the key issues of opportunities and threats to the development of artificial intelligence technology in my article below:

OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS AND THE NEED FOR NORMATIVE REGULATION OF THIS DEVELOPMENT

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

I'm a beginner in ITC, does anyone have an idea why when measuring the heat of dilution and in measuring the interaction of HSA with the drug or even with the buffer itself, the curve goes up? HSA measurement at HEPES pH 7.4 and pH 6 give similar results. Different buffer concentrations and different ionic strength do not solve the problem...

I am keeping my cell line for drug treatment and monitoring its effect at 24 hrs, 48 hrs and 72 hrs? Should I change the medium every 24 hrs and give fresh drug treatment or just leave the medium as it is after treatment once at the beginning? What is the difference between the two? What is the norm that is followed for cytotoxic assays such as MTT and CCK-8?

How does Handersen Hasselbach equation affect this selection?

I made some solid dispersion samples with VAL (valsartan) as the active compound. I was expecting it to become amorphous form. However, when I first run it through DSC, the pure VAL drug has some peaks. On the other hand, one of the peaks of my solid dispersion sample has almost the same peak as the pure drug, just a bit broader. Also it has quite crowded peaks above the melting point of VAL. Could someone please help me?? Is it normal or what's the problem?:((

Thank you in advance🙏

Dear researchers,

I would like to investigate administration of some natural compounds in treating Digoxin toxicity. Most of studies investigated protective effect of drugs. Is there any other protocol investigating therapeutic effect of interventions in rat model?

Dear ResearchGate community, hello!

I'm going to do an MTT test on glioblastoma cells with our drugs. I plan to add 10,000 cells in 100 µl medium with FBS per well to a 96-well plate, incubate for 24 hours and then add 50 µl of drugs. Incubate the cells with treatment for 24 hours and add MTT dye.

Tell me, please, should I remove the medium before adding the drugs (they are diluted in DMEM without FBS) and should I remove the drugs before adding MTT dye?

Thank you in advance!

Hello Friends,

Currently, I'm working on a male infertility project. Can anyone suggest the best standard drug other than sildenafil citrate?

sir,

majorly used beta 2 adrenergic agonist as vasodilators? why not used surfactant with autophagy promoters with immunomodulators.

The broth dilution assay method was used to find antibacterial efficacy of drug loaded mesoporous silica and free drug in same con.c. is it possible to observe that drug-loaded mesoporous silica has a higher value MIC than free drug MIC against the same bacterial strains s.aureas. The MIC of drug-loaded mesoporous silica stay same for upto long period of times up to months with high accuracy while the MIC of free drug in the same amount gives 4 and times higher value and further decline from the next day of experiment as the drug become settle down and come out of solution. Commonly nanoparticles should increase the antibacterial effect of antibiotic. 1) Kindly give your suggestions what could be the possible reasons 2) what could be its justification 3) also suggest any authentic similar recent studies 4) is it . The release from nanoparticle was 69 to 73% initial burst release then sustained release. The drug is rifampicin derivative. the particle size of drug loaded silica was around 198-230 nm.

In a personal letter, the student wrote me a question.

I am particularly interested in exploring the application of UV-Vis spectroscopy as a method for assessing drug solubility in oils which serves as a crucial initial step in the selection of suitable oils for nanoemulsion formulation. However, I have encountered challenges regarding the immiscibility of oils with methanol that is used as a solvant, as commonly mentioned in literature. I am hopeful that you could provide guidance or insights into the procedure involved in utilizing UV-Vis spectroscopy for this purpose.

My answer:

1. What kind of emulsion? oil/methanol or oil/methanol,water?

2. The drug is distributed between two phases and must be absorbed in the UV-Vis region. Oil should also absorb in the UV area.

3.Oil/methanol heterogeneous system. It remains so after the formation of a nanoemulsion.

I am preparing a drug for oral gavage which needs to be dissolved in 0.5% methylcellulose. The drug powder remains as clump and refuses to go into solution. Any tips on this?

And how if one is known?

Hello there!

I am trying to dock ZIF-8 (MOF) with the drug doxorubicin using PyRx and discovery studio for visualization of results. My queries are:

1. When I convert .cif file to .pdb using openbabel, then the whole structure of MOF is deleted except few bonds. But, when I use discovery studio for this purpose, then it slightly changes its structure. (any better suggestion?)

2. Since, ZIF-8 is considered as a macromolecule as compared to the drug (doxorubicin). When I load the molecule on PyRx, split models are generated. From there, I am confused how to convert them to .pdbqt format? If I convert them 1 by 1 to .pdbqt, then I won't be able to select all the .pdbqt at the time of docking.

Kindly help me through this!

Pictures are attached for reference. Thanks

I’m trying to induce my drug of different concentrations into my cell line. I’m working with HepG2 cell line

please provide any methodology

We intend to integrate qualitative methods in a clinical trial that evaluates the risks and benefits of a certain intervention/drug. I am just wondering if you have examples of studies exploring risks and benefits of a drug/intervention using qualitative methods.

📢 The first volume of the book "Drug Discovery Stories: From Bench to Bedside" (including two sections) has been updated with a new table of contents and cover art, see https://lnkd.in/gxZ4sUbK, this volume will be available on October 1st, 2024.

⚡ We are seeking new chapters (40 chapters confirmed) for the second volume. For this volume, we will feature blockbuster drugs (especially those beyond anticancer medications) approved in last five years or other promising drug candidates entering clinical stages. Please let me know (send me a message on Linkedin or an email to [email protected]) if you are interested in contributing. Your help in sharing this post to a wider community would be highly appreciated.

🏆 *No fees will be applied to you, and all contributors will receive a complimentary e-copy (PDF) when the book publishes. As an Elsevier author, you are eligible for a discount of 30% off of the list price of Elsevier books.

🎯 Key features:

- Showcases the drug discovery stories of blockbuster drugs

- Covers key aspects related to the drug development of the drugs

 

#drugdiscovery #drugdevelopment #pharmaceuticals #drugdesign #medchem #medicinalchemistry #drugs #drugmanufacturing

In atopic dermatitis FLG gene loss of function mutation is one of the vital point of pathogenesis. Most of the therapy are targeted against filaggrin protein related barrier damage but I need your opinion if there any way to recover FLG gene mutation not the end product

I want to do mathematical modelling of Pharmacokinetic data from plasma drug concentration in mice. Can someone please suggest me any freely available software for PK Modelling.

The formula for converting oral dose to inhalation dose:

D(inhalation)= D(oral) * (bioavailability for inhalation/ bioavailability for oral administration)

if the bioavailability for inhalation not available in literature, how do i calculate the inhalation dose? any other method to calculate the inhalation dose?

Thank you

Hello Everyone..

I am trying to synthesise silver nanoparticles to encapsulate a chemical drug "X" using sodium citrate or NaBH4 as a reducing agent. I also have cited few publications doing the similar work. Now, I have encountered few articles where the drug "X" is used as a reducing agent to form Ag NPs.

Now, my question is kindly explain me that whether nanoformulations can encapsulate their own reducing agent?

Help me with the theory behind the answer.

Best Regards

I could understand that paraphrasing is important to avoid plagiarism. But the increasing rate of publishing is making paraphrasing more complex. Let me explain:

"Drug X has a cardio-protective effect when administered in small dose."

This is a core SENTENCE in any research discussing this drug.. Keep it in mind!

In 1999, there was only 10 researchers working on this drug. So, when each one of them was going to publish his article he would easily PARAPHRASE this sentence. The odds of changing the meaning while doing paraphrasing are unlikely.

Now, There are 1000 researchers trying to do the same! So, changing the meaning is LIKELY to happen because you have to write in different ways and utilize a wide range of vocabs which will affect the meaning. And worth yet, if you're citing a secondary article _ You're paraphrasing the paraphrased!!

And why all of this?

Just to get a paraphrasing report of <10%.

It does not make sense!

The novelty of research is not represented in the literature review!

So, why do they make it an obstacle for researchers?!

I want to develop a nanoparticle-based drug delivery platform for burst/instant release of any drug. Kindly suggest ways to do that? What type of release mechanism can be adopted?

Usually, applied drug release mechanisms like pH-sensitive drug delivery works in a sustained release manner, however, I am looking for techniques (external stimuli) that can promote instant release of drug from the carrier. Thanks in advance for your reply.

My question is about synthesis of nanostructure. the drug is doxycycline monohydrate. nanostructure consists of micelle TPGS and plunoric acid (f127).

at first stage, preparation of drug is needed and i used water and ethyl acetate(aqueous and organic solvent). the purpose of the stage is acid base extraction. I don't know if the solvents are good or not because doxycycline monohydrate very little dissolved in water and sonication used. stage 2 is synthesis of 40 mg micelle TPGS + 60mg f127 and i used ethanol (as a solvent). 2 mg drug added to solution. Rotary(30 min) and freeze dryer(2h) used and then 5mL PBS added. for 24h under the stirrer temperature was 37 centigrade. after that DLS was taken from the sample. but result is not good. two peaks showed and PDI is 0.4. z-average is about 24 nm. what is the problem in stages?

Hello,

I have 5 blood samples each from 6 patients treated with a drug: on day 1 (before treatment), 7, 14, 21 and 30. In these samples I have measurement of both the drug concentrations and quantification of many genes by RNAseq, which we believe are the targets of this drug.

What is the most appropriate way to analyze the correlations between the drug concentrations and the gene expression level across these 30 samples (6 patients x 5 time points)?

Would you recommend another PK/PD analysis other than the one I mentioned above? Please note that the genes are supposed to be "tagret engagement markers" due to the known mechanism of the drug so we hypothesize that they are correlated with the drug level.

Thanks

Iddo

Dear researchers

I'm currently editing a Research Topic entitled Five-membered Ring Heterocyclic Compounds as Anticancer Drug Candidates. It's being published in the journal Frontiers in Chemistry. Given your work in this field, would you be interested in contributing? I look forward to hearing from you. Best wishes,

Hi I am supporting a lady doing research into young people and the use of drugs and what works in terms of harm reduction in Ireland and abroad.

Thank you.

Hi everyone, please, I am new into cell culture and I am working on my protocol for cell treatment but I am unsure about the aspect of drug treatment. I intend to treat my cells with different drugs and observe the viability at 24, 48 and 72h. Therefore, my question is: (1) do I need to add my drug once, then observe some wells (in 96-well plate) at 24h, others at 48h and the last set of wells at 72h or (2) after 24h I have to observe the wells for 24h wells and withdraw (discard) the drug in wells for 48 and 72h and replace the drug with the same concentration and procedure, during the next 24h (at 48h) I will read the wells for 48h and again remove the drug from the 72h group and replace the drug? Please, which design best suits the objective mentioned in the beginning of my question (that's to study the drug sensitivity of a cell line for a 72 duration, with readings at every 24h interval)? I thought of the removal of the drug solution and replacement after each 24h considering the fact that I feel it is possible that my drug could get degraded or affected by evaporation if I administer it once to incubate for 72h and take my readings, I am worried that the result could be affected by evaporation or degradation (based on the drug half-life or something related to that). Most literature I found just mentioned "cells were treated with test compound (drug) for 72h or 48h" without clear explanation... Which I find confusing.

Thank you in advance for your kind responses and help.

Dear All,

I need to standardize synthesized drug concentration (IC50) for my in vitro experiment but I can't adopt MTT, LDH, or trypan blue kind of assay because I'm working on normal lung epithelial cells and even in my study I need to inhibit the enzyme from the synthesized drug.

Hence kindly suggest a method/ protocol/ idea to determine the drug concentration.

Hello, all i am currently working on polymeric nanoparticles and ,I have prepared one polymeric nano formulation of which I did SEM analysis. After doing the SEM analysis the morphology of unencapsulated nanoparticles was found to be Rod shape and that of drug encapsulated nanoparticles was found to be spherical-ellipsoidal and particles were agglomerated . Is the change of morphology in nanoparticle possible after encapsulating it with drug. Thank you in advance for any help

IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) is a measure of the potency of a substance in inhibiting a specific biological or biochemical function by 50%. It is commonly used in pharmacology and toxicology to assess the effectiveness of drugs or toxins in inhibiting a particular biological process or target.

Men will do anything for sex, and will behave quite out of character to achieve it, such as spending several hours being romantic, and paying attention to what a woman says. (Anthony Mason)

I have done the NLC formulation using ultrasonication and microemulsion techniques. Now I have the whole emulsion as a milky white liquid. How to separate the NLC from the aqueous solution. I have done a single centrifugation. I assumed that the pellet had the NLC and the supernatant had the free drug. And I have to spin the emulsion at 25,000 rpm for 10 minutes. But the pellet hasn't completely settled. So please suggest a protocol to separate the NLC from the aqueous phase

I need some suggestions on working with the drug 5-fluoroindole. I am working on green microalgae and trying to make my strain tryptophan auxotroph. However, I am unable to make proper drug plates as the desired drug concentration is extremely low, hence difficult to measure. Secondly, 5-FI being light sensitive, it takes longer for the colonies to be visible if there are any since I need to keep the plates away from light.

Thanks.

Is it required to optimize drug molecule before docking. I docked a drug against a receptor without the optimization. It performs pretty well. And the structures are stable and no changes of the bond seen. My question is will the reviewer of the journal reject my article if I do docking without drug optimization via gaussian or other method?

I would like to know why 29-R strain of HSV-1 is resistent to the drug acyclovir.

The text in context: "Here are a few alternative treatments for infants to help with cough and cold symptoms:

A cool mist humidifier helps nasal passages shrink and allow easier breathing. Do not use warm mist humidifiers. They can cause nasal passages to swell and make breathing more difficult"

Source: https://www.fda.gov/drugs/special-features/use-caution-when-giving-cough-and-cold-products-kids

I searched quite some time on the fda archives, Google scholar, NIH, but couldn't find anything close to that assertion.

It's just kind of irksome that all the reputable consumer product publications are all citing the same FDA web page or each other. And some flat out rejecting warm mist humidifiers without question when there are quite a number of research papers that discuss the subtle dangers of cold mist ultrasonic humidifiers, especially regarding their ability to eject mineral and metal contaminants into the air and aren't able to inhibit bacteria growth, leading to instances of humidifier lung.

i am doing oniom calculation QM/MM for CYP450 and a drug as ligand. here i put my input file and the log file. i have been building this system for 3 weeks. this time i can't find out where the error is. i still think it is the problem in my mm parameters. also, the former error is bond and angle are not defined (in my ligand and the heme molecule). so i deleted all the connections of them and this error was solved. is this operation okay?

How does it depend on the nature or class of nanoparticles?

Resuscitation drugs become ineffective during severe metabolic acidosis ...why can't bicarbonate be a part of ACLS protocol

Resuscitation drugs become ineffective during severe metabolic acidosis ...why can't bicarbonate be a part of ACLS protocol

Can everyone help me why in low doses of a drug grow impurity, but for the same drug in higher dose we have no impurity with over time?

I am trying to find the Hansen solubility parameters for screening miscible substances. Could anyone suggest an open-source online tool to calculate the Hansen Solubility parameter or any other equivalent solubility parameters?

Hi all,

I am currently helping my colleague to do a drug screening assay. We have use dTag to "turn off" the protein expression of our protein of interest and treat the cell line with drugs combined with dTag/DMSO. I am just wondering if it is possible to see the synergistic effect with just on/off of the protein of interest. Some similar systems such as tet on/off would raise the same question. I am very intrigued if there is anything we can do with these systems that can just be turned on and off, but not adjusted to various level like normal drugs.

Many thanks!

Poor countries suffer from weak food and drug security, and they depend on aid from major countries. Therefore, these poor countries are subordinate to the major countries, and this affects the sovereignty of those countries, and therefore, how can those countries build their food and drug security?

I looked into my paper this morning and saw references to mental illness which even 50 years ago would not have been there. Nor would these unproven reflections on human behaviour appeared in novels or articles. I will here raise the likely position that we are being brainwashed by the medical profession in tandem with the drug companies. My investigations, through clients and reading, indicates that psychotropic drugs are dangerous and always have been. Claims of mental health in lieu of misunderstood behaviour, life stresses, have grown alongside the development of drugs and diagnosis which reflect each new drug invented or simply repackaged by the drug companies.

We have seen the multifarious affects of Russian propaganda in Russia and the world (strangely effective in the USA, no matter the warnings), establishing viewpoints and changing history, affecting attitudes, so why cannot the West be equally susceptible to propaganda-especially one arriving from an authoritative source (medical profession) which we fail to see?

I'm going to perform drug treatment to my normal human epidermal keratinocyte cells (NHEKa). The drugs I'm using are anti-EGFRs and doxycycline.

Should I collect them right after the drug treatment or should i remove the old supernatant after the drug treatment and collect the ones reincubated with fresh medium? Why and why not to do so?

And how long can the supernatant be stored under -20 degree celcius condition?

A drug showing efficacy in humans when administered through oral route, but the same drug is lacking efficacy in mice admistered through same route.

What can be the possible reason?

I want to make formulation of crude drug extract, so which formulation would be best for diuretic?

Ayurvedic Allopathic

I am combining drug A (IC20 and IC50) with drug B (5 uM, 10 uM and 50 uM). Drug B reduces cell viability to 28% at 50 uM, while drug A IC20 combined with drug B 50 uM reduces cell viability to 32%. CompuSyn gives a CI=0.46. Is this correct? To have synergism shouldn't the viability be reduced to less than 28% when combining the 2 drugs at these concentrations?

Thanks for any help.

Association of the effect of the medication on the disease (efficiency), but also the effect of the drug the body in general (side effects). Furthermore, the association of the effect of the disease on the body (processes and functions).

Bioinformatics can be in charge of both: automatization of the tests and the vizualization of data and results.

Hi everyone

I am looking for a database that allows me to input the name of the ligand/drug/structure and a protein to predict if there is any potential interaction between them.

Do you have any suggestions?

Thank you

BBB we know prevent bacterial & viruses crossing but how Drug can pass through BBB & what is the role of Passive transport in it. Kindly explain it Diagrammatically preferably.

Hey all

I want to see the affect of a certain drug on my cell line (cancer cell line).

I want to see how it alters the expression of a certain nuclear protein.

Since my cells are fast growing and protein synthesis usually takes 72 hours in mammalian cells, how should I seed and give treatment to the cells?

Should I seed them in low cell density and give treatment after overnight incubation? So that the there will be enough space left for cells to grow and divide until 72 hours?

Should I use media devoid of serum to prevent cells overgrowing the flask?

thanks and best

20 mg of quantity i have taken for (EE).

Total quantity of drug used in formulation is 500mg.

Formulation 1, UV absorbance value: 0.0057 (10 times diluted).

y = 0.0164x + 0.0076 R² = 0.9991.

We are standardizing a protocol for studying cytotoxic drugs (mainly anticancer class of drugs) and we are using HepG2 cell line for that. My question is why only HepG2 cells while we can use HEK293 cell line also ?

i am working on the determination of the synergism activity of the herbal and allopathic drug. firstly i tried to find out the zone of inhibition of individual drug having lower (25, 50, 100 ppm), middle (250, 500, 1000 ppm) and upper (2500, 5000, 10,000 ppm) concentration against s. aureus bacteria. but the expected result was not obtained in case of herbal drug. kindly provide the valuable suggestions for the same with references. I tried the same experiment against E. Coli and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa & the expected result was obtained in both cases. I am facing a problem only in case of S. Aureus. I also like to add that i repeated the experiment 9-10 times by maintaining aseptic condition and other cares to be taken while performing the experiment. Kindly give the solution for S. Aureus to get desired result. Thank You

Are there any high-impact papers in top journals (Cell, Nature, Science publications) that show the possibility of mimicking mechanical stimulation tissue responses such as skin growth and muscle hypertrophy via drugs?

I need to co-deliver a hydrophobic drug and a hydrophilic drug. Is it possible using a hydrophobic polymer?

Hello

I am planning to deliver a cy5-labeled drug to mice, and then check its distribution in different organs. In case I wish to preserve the tissues for later research, will fixation (using 4% formaldehyde) damage the fluorescent signal of the cy5?

Does somebody have any experience with cy5 and fixation?

thanks in advance.

I am looking for a plain/empty gel system, which we can directly buy and load the drug for the purpose of transdermal delivery. Your kind help will be appreciated.

Neurons were treated with four different types of drugs, and then a full transcriptome was produced. I am interested in looking at the effects of these drugs on two specific pathways, each with around 20 genes. Would it be appropriate for me to just set up a simple comparative test (like a t-test) and run it for each gene? Or should I still use a differential gene expression package like DESeq2, even though only a few genes are going to be analysed? The aim of my experiment is a very targeted analysis, with the hopes that I may be able to uncover interesting relationships by cutting out the noise (i.e., the rest of the genes that are not of interest).

Psychology, according to Wundt, drew on definitions of human nature as distinct from prior religious interpretation, that human beings are neither bad nor good. Although thereby not conditioned or inhabited by supernatural forces they are driven by the forces within and of their environments.

Psychiatry believes mental illness is determined or pre-determined, and that even when environment plays a part people react to the environment in pre-determined ways. People can and do claim that psychiatry is a science because it can be measured. I believe this is suspect!

The role played by drugs in psychiatry is seen by some as evidence of its scientific basis, as drugs belong to science and fit the claims of medicine for almost three hundred years. Drugs will suppress so the good they do, combined with their addictive nature, is suspect. Or do you consider otherwise? Again the effects of drugs are subject to measuring, or are they? Psychiatry predetermines human nature but is the categorisation of human beings reliable?

I have used the Sono-photocatalysis process to degrade this antibiotic drug and I want to show its oxidation potential range in my schematic diagram. I really appreciate any help you can provide.

I have a few clinical trials results and would like to calculate the Weighted mean for these studies. I am unsure how to calculate for these few trials:

Trial 1:

Drug: 25/85 (25 patients out of 85 patients response to this drug)

Placebo: 11/75 (11 patients out of 75 patients response to placebo)

Trial 2:

Drug: 30/200 (30 patients out of 200 patients response to this drug)

Placebo: 10/170 (10 patients out of 170 patients response to placebo)

Trial 3:

Drug: 90/150 (90 patients out of 150 patients response to this drug)

Placebo: 10/250 (10 patients out of 250 patients response to placebo)

Can anyone teach me how to calculate?

Appreciate your kind help for this matter.

Through a Wnt inhibition assay, I have found out that my test drug, which is easily available in the market and used for Hyperlipidemia, is a good Wnt inhibitor. Now, I want to conduct an animal study. How can I determine the dose of my test drug?

Many articles are available for my drug for various diseases. Can I take doses from these articles? I need three doses: Low, Medium, and High."

Clinical Superiority ,inferiority

Hi there,

I had some trouble finding suitable concentrations for the synergism of two drugs. My experimental design is as follows, and the calculation is used CompuSyn:

Data for Drug: A [uM]

Dose Effect

50.0     0.0792

100.0     0.3117

250.0     0.3938

500.0     0.5575

1000.0     0.9502

Data for Drug: B [uM]

Dose Effect

50.0     0.017

150.0     0.1656

300.0     0.3788

500.0     0.6461

700.0     0.7935

CI Data for Non-Constant Combo: A+B

Dose A Dose B Effect CI

10.0     500.0     0.6129     1.12282

25.0     500.0     0.6742     1.02014

50.0     500.0     0.6381     1.17713

100.0     500.0     0.6313     1.33936

250.0     500.0     0.6847     1.55157

I would like to find suitable concentrations for A+B (CI<1.0), but failed. Please give me some suggestions, thanks a lot!

Antibiotics drug

Viral diseases

Dear all -

we would like to produce and study biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We are not well equipped, only a simple microscope. I wonder if it could be possible to make estimations on the drug (peptide) activity on the biofilm by using a plate reader to grow the biofilm and somehow use this setup to follow the live and dead cell staining?

Thank you very much for your response!

Have a nice day

Kornelius

I use the following equation to calculate:

Where:

Second question: My results show that P1 and P2 are equal or less than the A1 and A2. The color of positive control(P1 and P2) becomes bright pink. I think the control absorbance (suspension of cells without drugs + resazurin) should always be more than the group of cells treated with drugs to calculate correctly. While the absorbance of my control is less than the samples. I checked the resazurin and the ELISA reader and I am sure of the authenticity of them.

Thanks.

I have to do a clonogenic experiment, and the interventions contain drugs + radiation.

I was wondering which of the following protocols is better to use, as I have seen both in related articles.

.

.

.

A) 1. Seed cells in a high number (e.g. 100,000 cells)

2. Add drugs and radiation exposure

3. 24h after radiation exposure, trypsinize cells again and seed them in a low number (e.g. 500-2000 cells) for colony assay

4. Let them grow for 9-14 days

.

.

.

B) 1. Seed cells in a low number (e.g. 500-2000 cells)

2. Add drugs and radiation exposure