Ecology - Science method

What are some trends within environmental sciences and habitat biodiversity? Any ideas are appreciated. Thanks very much.

Ongoing research shows that included in Goal 15 (out of the UN's 17 Sustainable Development Goals) is the restoration of the natural environment of biodiverse ecosystems in post-industrial areas, the restoration of highly biodiverse forest ecosystems, the development of afforestation programs, which should already be implemented on a large scale by 2020 (Task 15.1. included in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: By 2020, ensure the protection, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and other ecosystems, particularly forests, wetlands and drylands, and mountains, in accordance with international commitments). has still not been implemented in some countries. In some countries, in recent years, there are still many post-industrial areas, including mining spoil heaps, that have not been developed in accordance with the principles of sustainable development, i.e. restoration of the natural environment has not been undertaken. In addition, in some countries, still instead of sustainable forest management consisting of strict protection of old-growth, natural highly biodiverse forest ecosystems, restoration of biodiverse forest ecosystems referring to the natural ones occurring for thousands of years in a specific area characterized by a specific mix of natural and climatic conditions, industrial cultivation of only some tree species for industrial cutting is carried out, and predatory pseudo forest management consisting of cutting all trees in a specific area is carried out, including cutting down old-growth forests and by the way destroying entire biodiverse ecosystems, which also results in accelerated degradation, soil barrenness, deterioration of water retention and local microclimate. On the other hand, it has been widely known for many years on the basis of the results of thousands of research works that restoration of the natural environment, including biodiverse forest ecosystems, increases the scale of sustainability in terms of human-biosphere, climate and biodiversity relations. In turn, the restoration of the natural environment in post-industrial and other areas degraded by unsustainable human activity increases the areas of the biosphere and reduces the scale of the negative effects of civilizational unsustainable human activity, including reducing the scale of environmental pollution and reducing the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The effect is to slow down the progressive greenhouse effect and thus reduce the scale of global warming. Reducing the scale and slowing down the progressive process of global warming generates a reduction in the scale of the negative effects of the ongoing climate change, i.e. a reduction in the scale and frequency of weather anomalies and climatic disasters, including, above all, the increasingly severe periods of drought covering more and more land areas, in addition to the yearly occurrence of higher and higher summer temperatures, increasingly severe shortages of drinking water and/or increasingly violent storms with torrential rains and floods. Therefore, the restoration of the natural environment in areas degraded by the development of industry, ongoing mining activities or unsustainable agriculture in the industrial formula, including the development of afforestation programs, restoration of biodiverse forest ecosystems contributes to improving the local microclimate, improves water retention processes, slows down the processes of soil barrenness and/or reverses these processes, contributes to the restoration of highly fertile and biodiverse microbial soils, results in increasing the scale of ecological and climatic sustainability, increases the scale of resilience of the planet's highly biodiverse natural ecosystems and/or flexibility to adapt to a changing climate, and improves livelihoods for humans as well. Therefore, taking into account the above-mentioned great positive qualities of the processes of restoration of the natural natural environment, including biodiverse forest ecosystems then, in parallel, the scale of strict nature conservation should be increased, including increasing the areas of natural ecosystems, including natural natural ecosystems and those being restored. In this way, the amount of greenhouse gases accumulating in the atmosphere will increase more slowly, and thus the process of global warming, which has been accelerating over the past several decades, can be slowed down. In view of the above, due to the high level of relevance of the process of restoration of the natural environment, reclamation of areas of natural ecosystems devastated by man, protection of highly biodiverse natural ecosystems for the climate and biosphere of the planet and also for future generations of people, restoration of the natural environment, including biodiverse forest ecosystems in post-industrial and other areas degraded by unsustainable human activities should be considered one of the priority elements of the green transformation of the economy. Implemented fully and seriously, the green transformation of the economy, in which an important role is played by pro-climate, pro-environmental, pro-biodiversity and thus realistically also pro-social policies, should also fully take into account the UN 17 Sustainable Development Goals. Unfortunately, this is still not practiced in all parts of the world.

I am conducting research on this issue. I have included the conclusions of my research in the following article:

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Regards,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In recent years, more and more different political options during election campaigns before parliamentary and other political elections have added to their election slogans the issues of sustainable economic development, green transformation of the economy, increasing pro-climate and pro-environmental policy measures, including a significant increase in the development of renewable energy sources, decarbonization of industry, development of sustainable organic agriculture, sustainable energy-efficient construction, electromobility, recycling, development of sustainable tourism, development of urban agglomerations in accordance with the concept of green smart city, significant increase in the scale of reclamation of natural environments in areas degraded by industrial development, increase in the scale of protection of biodiverse natural ecosystems, natural forest ecosystems, increase in the scale of reforestation and other aspects of a sustainable green circular economy, and after winning the elections, they only slightly implement their election promises to citizens, or do not implement these promises at all. Since the scale of this phenomenon is growing so the importance of the discussions held in the issues of not fulfilling election promises on the issues of sustainable economic development, green transformation of the economy, increasing pro-climate and pro-environmental policy measures by the political options winning the elections is also increasing. When this kind of situation is repeated repeatedly in a certain country then citizens begin to consider the possibility of recognizing this kind of unreliable political activity as antisocial and perhaps also not in accordance with basic human rights and the Constitution.

I am conducting research on this issue. I have included the conclusions of my research in the following article:

I invite you to discuss this important topic for the future of the planet's biosphere and climate.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Since the beginning of the first industrial revolution, anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases resulting from human activities have been increasing. During this period, the average level of atmospheric temperature has also been rising as a result of the greenhouse effect generated by the accumulation of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the planet's atmosphere, including primarily methane, a particularly greenhouse gas. The said greenhouse effect is the source of climate change, the main element of which is the accelerating process of global warming. The accelerating process of global warming is causing many adverse effects on human existence and on the planet's biosphere. The negative effects of the accelerating process of global warming include increasingly severe droughts occurring more frequently and covering larger and larger land areas, shortages of drinking water appearing in more and more new areas in many parts of the various continents, violent storms with heavy downpours becoming more frequent in some places, soil barrenness, increasingly higher temperatures and heat in the summer, a decline in the biodiversity of natural ecosystems, and so on. The impact of these processes varies considerably across the world's land regions. For example, according to the World Meteorological Organization and the Copernicus program, i.e. the European Union's Earth observation program, Europe is the fastest warming continent. Since the beginning of the industrial age, the average temperature of the planet has risen by about 2.5 degrees C. Globally, the increase has been about 1 deg C lower. Also, the impact of the ongoing global warming process, i.e. the negative impact on individual industries and sectors of the economy, is and will also vary considerably. Agriculture, for example, is one of those sectors of the economy that will be particularly extremely negatively affected by the global warming process. Accordingly, in some countries, the agriculture carried out in the formula of traditional, intensive, production-intensive, unsustainable agriculture is already being converted to sustainable organic agriculture, which not only produces healthy and mainly or exclusively vegetable crops without the use of pesticides, herbicides and other chemical pesticides and fertilizers, and also applies the goals of sustainable development, the principles of the circular economy and generates energy from renewable and emission-free energy sources. In addition to the conversion of intensive-production formula agriculture to sustainable, emission-free organic farming, in some countries farms are already being prepared and hedged for the future scenario of deepening global warming in the coming years. In order to ensure that the level of crop yields does not drop significantly in the coming years, it is becoming necessary to build rainwater catchment facilities, building ponds and other retention tanks to collect rainwater. To this end, financial subsidies are offered to farmers from the state's public finance system for building such rainwater catching and collecting installations. In a situation where the green transformation of the economy is proceeding far too slowly relative to the needs, i.e. so as to quickly reduce the level of greenhouse gas emissions and slow down the process of global warming, the potential negative scenario of failure to carry out the plan to stop the increase in the average temperature level of the planet's atmosphere at up to 1.5 degrees C (since the beginning of the first industrial revolution) should be considered highly probable. However, if possible, it is necessary to carry out the green transformation of the economy as quickly and efficiently as possible, so that the exceedance of the 1.5 deg C level is as low as possible and thus the escalation of the negative effects of the progressive global warming process is as low as possible. Since agriculture is one of those sectors that are most vulnerable to the negative effects of the progressive process of global warming, then in addition to the green transformation of agriculture that is being carried out, it is necessary to protect farms from the negative effects of climate change, which are steadily increasing from year to year, including increasingly frequent periods of drought, summer heat, weather anomalies, severe storms, etc., in a multifaceted way. In addition to this, it is also necessary to create new crop varieties that will be more resistant to the mentioned negative effects of climate change.

I am conducting research on this issue. I have included the conclusions of my research in the following article:

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

As the level of pro-climate and pro-environmental awareness of citizens increases, so does the number of companies and enterprises that portray themselves in advertising campaigns as business entities pursuing specific sustainable development goals, in line with the trends of green transformation of the economy. To a large extent, these issues are highly correlated with each other and act in feedbacks to each other. On the one hand, the growing level of pro-climate and pro-environmental awareness of citizens motivates business entities to add to their missions and development strategies the issue of achieving sustainable development goals, undertaking business ventures that are part of the green transformation of the economy. On the other hand, in a situation where more and more companies, enterprises, financial and public institutions are presenting themselves as green business entities presenting in various brand promotion activities and advertising campaigns informing about the company's product and/or service offerings also descriptions and characteristics of green business ventures, presenting the business entity's implementation of certain sustainable development goals and green investment projects undertaken, where they develop their own energy sources based on renewable and emission-free energy sources, building wastewater treatment plants so as not to generate waste that pollutes the environment, developing and improving waste segregation and recycling techniques, carrying out economic projects involving environmental reclamation and restoration in post-industrially degraded areas, reforestation of industrially exploited areas and implementation of other green economic activities that are part of the processes of green transformation of the economy. however, as an institutional system for assessing the level of “greenness” of the aforementioned activities presented as realizing the goals of sustainable development and/or being part of pro-climate, pro-environmental, pro-ecological economic ventures has still not been built, so a significant number of business entities are overemphasizing the issue of presenting themselves in the framework of company brand promotion campaigns as green entities implementing ventures that are part of the green transformation of the economy. In recent years, there has been a strong increase in the number of companies, enterprises and financial institutions that portray themselves as green economic entities pursuing certain goals, including pro-environmental and pro-climate sustainability goals, while the scale of real activities in this regard is negligible or almost nonexistent. In addition, the introduction of mandatory expanded, non-financial ESG reporting motivates business entities to pursue green business ventures, which are often not green in reality. This is because a system of verification of the level of “greenness” of companies and enterprises, the level of factually inconsistent portrayal in the media and advertising campaigns carried out by business entities as green, pursuing sustainable development goals, respecting norms and standards for the protection of the climate, biosphere and environment, has still not been built to effectively systemically reduce the development of greenwashing, i.e. the so-called “eco-cheating”, eco-lying.

I am conducting research on this issue. I have included the conclusions of my research in the following article:

I invite you to discuss this important topic for the future of the planet's biosphere and climate.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Message from Tom M. L. Wigley

Hello,

These NPPs were found in modern soil samples from the central Tunisian Dorsale mountain range. NPP6, 7, 8 and 9 seem to belong to Glomus-type. Could anyone provide a more precise identification?

Thank you in advance for your help,

Best regards,

Yannick Miras

Based on my research, I conclude that the green business transformation of business entities, including companies, enterprises, financial and public institutions, should be a key component of corporate social responsibility, namely environmental social responsibility and climate social responsibility. Accordingly, environmental social responsibility and climate social responsibility should be recognized as key factors in corporate reputation and non-financial ESG reporting. An important factor for effectively carrying out the pro-environmental and pro-climate transformation of the classic growth brown linear economy of excess to a sustainable green zero-carbon growth zero-carbon economy and a closed loop economy is to increase the pro-environmental and pro-climate awareness of citizens. Awareness of the urgent and effective implementation of the green transformation of the economy, including the implementation of the plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions until the creation of a zero-carbon economy, to slow down the process of progressive global warming to save the climate, biosphere and biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems is a key determinant of ensuring the conditions of existence on the planet for future generations of people. Accordingly, the issue of pro-environmental and pro-climate awareness of citizens should be correlated with the environmental social responsibility and climate social responsibility of business, i.e. economic entities, including companies, enterprises, financial institutions and other organizations. Meanwhile, environmental social responsibility and climate social responsibility should be an important factor in the green reputation of companies, businesses, financial and public institutions, and also an important element of non-financial ESG reporting.

Key aspects of the implementation of the goals of sustainable development and the necessary acceleration of the processes of green transformation of the economy to decarbonize the economy, slow down the process of global warming, protect the climate, biosphere and biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems I described in the article:

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Name of literature review: Plastic and Human Health: A Micro Issue?

For example, in the country where I operate during the winter season, during a period where for many previous decades of time there was usually snow and temperatures were minus temperatures reaching as high as 20-30 degrees Frost is during the current "winter" in February 2024 there are positive temperatures all over the country, even positive double digits. Hoteliers, owners of ski slopes in the Tatra mountains are reporting much lower interest in their services. Fruit growers fear the return of morning frosts, which would cause the buds of flowers, which appear exceptionally early on shrubs and fruit trees, to freeze. Beekeepers fear for their bees, which have begun to leave their hives unusually early. But these are not the only effects of weather anomalies, climate disasters, climate change, the process of global warming, which has been occurring with increasing frequency in recent years. The negative effects of the increasingly rapid process of global warming on the environment, on agriculture, on the economy as a whole, on human existence in cities and in the countryside are constantly increasing, and the scale of the negative impact of climate change is constantly growing. In the country in which I operate in the summer season in recent years there have been record high temperatures, increasingly persistent heat, longer and longer periods of drought, little rainfall and increasingly frequent forest fires. In some regions of the country, water supplies are already beginning to run out during periods when citizens are watering their gardens and flowerbeds, washing cars, filling swimming pools, etc. At that time, local authorities are recommending restrictions on the use of tap water and imposing periodic bans on the use of clean water from the municipal water supply for watering lawns, washing cars and filling swimming pools. On the other hand, financial incentives, i.e. subsidies for the creation of water reservoirs for rainwater collection, rainwater catchment systems and irrigation of gardens, lawns, green areas, etc. with the help of rainwater thus collected, are being introduced as part of the increase in the scale of economical water consumption. The scale of the negative effects of the ongoing process of global warming is increasing every year. In many regions of the world, due to the accelerating process of global warming, the productivity of agricultural crops in agriculture is declining, the number of pollinating insects is declining, green areas in cities are drying up, living conditions in urban areas are deteriorating, the demand for electricity is increasing, which is caused, among other things, by the increase in the scale of use of cooling equipment during summer heat waves, the level of biodiversity in areas of natural natural ecosystems is decreasing, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate the processes of green transformation of the economy, including green transformation of such economic sectors as energy, agriculture, transportation, construction, heavy industry, etc.

I am conducting research on this issue. I study in a multifaceted and interdisciplinary way the issue of factors, determinants of climate change, the increasingly rapid process of global warming, and the effects of these processes on the environment, on civilization, agriculture, the economy, etc. On the other hand, I analyze the possibilities of smoothly carrying out a pro-environmental and pro-climate transformation of the classic growth, brown, linear economy of excess into a sustainable, green, zero-carbon zero-growth and closed-cycle economy. By building a green, sustainable closed loop economy, it will be possible to slow down the still accelerating global warming process and reduce the negative effects of these climate change processes. Will it be possible to reverse these processes? Unfortunately, this is unlikely with the green transformation of the economy progressing as slowly as it is now, and the still low level of awareness of many citizens on this topic, ignoring the high level of relevance of this issue in the business and political world. I have included the conclusions of my research in the following article:

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

The journal could be multidisciplinary or scoped in environmental sciences/chemistry .

Thanks in advance

Monopolistically operating large energy companies, including mainly government-controlled state-owned companies, apply pricing policies that are not conducive to the development of renewable energy sources in the form of small household power plants set up by citizens, who would thus become prosumers of electricity. This point is also confirmed by the pricing policy applied by these large energy companies, which are government-controlled SOEs in the context of the 2022 energy crisis. In addition, it has happened over the past few years that in areas where such power plants have been set up as part of solar or wind power, they have produced so much electricity in situations of high sunshine or strong winds that the technologically outdated and underinvested transmission power grids have not been able to absorb this electricity produced by prosumer citizens. This is a kind of paradoxical and almost surreal situation in a country facing a serious energy crisis in 2022 due to the still existing archaic energy model based 3/4 on the production of electricity and even more on thermal energy from burning coal and lignite. It is therefore necessary to develop independent, local cooperatives running small renewable energy power plants, i.e. independent of large energy companies, including government-controlled state-owned companies with monopolistic pricing policies, limiting the development of renewable energy sources by citizens and increasingly portraying themselves in the media in advertising and umbrella campaigns as green, generating energy mainly from renewable energy sources which is at variance with the facts, so is an example of greenwashing. In view of the above, the development of local cooperatives operating small renewable energy power plants can significantly reduce the scale of monopolistic participation of large energy companies in the entire energy sector and thus can significantly increase the energy security of citizens and the security of the national energy sector.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion on this?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Topic: Using of plasma activated water in seed science in point of view of environmental science

School: Comenius University Bratislava

Start of studies: school year 2024/25

Teaching language: English

More information: https://fns.uniba.sk/en/study/doctoral-studies/phd-english/admision-and-phd-positions/

Supervisor: [email protected]

Hello to everyone. I ran into this issue that most likely is a simple one. But, when performing the Sørensen-Dice index, what happens when there's no shared species with lower abundance? I mean, I have these two communities with n number of shared species, but all of them has the same abundance, what next? is it possible to calculate this index anway? the formula goes as follows: S-D index=2pN/aN+bN

Where pN is the sum of the lower abundances of all the shared species between communities. aN is the total number of individuals from site A and bN is the total number of individuals from site B.

Thanks for your attention.

In recent years, the establishment of additional urban parks, green areas, flower meadows, botanical gardens, etc., in the areas of urban agglomerations has been growing in importance. The purpose of increasing the scale of green areas in cities while reducing areas of concrete sidewalks and asphalt roadways is to improve living conditions for residents, reduce atmospheric temperatures and increase humidity, which is particularly important during increasingly severe summer heat and dry periods, improve aesthetics and increase the scale of pro-climate land use, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve air quality, create places for recreation and rest, create conditions that allow pollinating insects, birds and other animals to feed. On the other hand, the scale of establishing home flower gardens, flower and vegetable gardens, vegetable and fruit gardens, etc. is also growing. The functions of home flower gardens, mini botanical gardens are analogous to those described above. However, the purpose of establishing also home vegetable and/or fruit gardens is to create a source of one's own crops, fruits and vegetables, which are usually grown without the use of pesticides and other pesticides and most of the cultivation, gardening, agricultural work is done by hand. As a result, most small-scale home flower, vegetable and/or fruit gardens are run in the formula of sustainable, pro-environmental and pro-climate gardening. In this way, those who run home vegetable and fruit gardens save money by spending less of it on groceries, eat healthier by eating less highly processed and industrially produced food products. Besides, the decreasing scale of citizens' purchases of agricultural crops and food products processed from them in stores, shopping centers, hypermarkets and discount stores generates a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions emitted by vehicles transporting the said food products from factories, agro-processing plants to wholesalers, logistics centers and then to the said retail stores. Besides, in connection with the trend towards sustainability, within the framework of creating sustainable gardens, the said gardens are designed to be as naturalistic as possible, highly biodiverse, consisting of different species of meadow flower plants, species of fruit plants, vegetables, shrubs, trees, etc., selecting certain different species of the said plants so that they can coexist with each other. A good solution for running sustainable, pro-environmental and pro-climate gardens is also to create one's own water source, i.e. by building deep water wells and creating retention systems and ministaves to catch and collect rainwater. A good solution to increase the scale of biodiversity, humidity and improve aesthetic value is the creation of byways, ministaws, water reservoirs, where specially selected species and varieties of aquatic plants, fish and other pond animals exist. In addition, in order to increase the ecological security of flower pollination, a good solution is to establish a small apiary, adapted to the size of the local garden and/or nearby other gardens and green areas, where populations, honeybee colonies will exist. The design of this kind of nice, highly biodiverse flower garden containing zones of shrubs, trees, vegetable and fruit crops, as well as ponds, naturalized rest zones, etc., requires the application of a great deal of time and knowledge in the fields of horticulture, crop cultivation, landscaping design, plant biology, ecology of ecosystems composed of coexisting multiple plant species, but also animals such as specific species of fish and other pond animals. In addition, in this kind of multifunctional, biodiverse garden, an important role can be played by a composter which will be an important element of sustainability and closed-loop economy, reduction of post-horticultural, agricultural and other organic waste. Therefore, new ICT information technologies, knowledge resources available on the Internet and their multi-criteria and intelligent processing implemented with the help of generative artificial intelligence may prove helpful in this kind of design, in which it is necessary to take into account many different conditions of the specific location of the planned garden, specific terrain, local climate, etc., and the various determinants mentioned above.

I am conducting research on this issue. I have included the conclusions of my research in the following article:

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY

I invite you to discuss this important topic for the future of the planet's biosphere and climate.

I have described the key issues of opportunities and threats to the development of artificial intelligence technology in my article below:

OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS AND THE NEED FOR NORMATIVE REGULATION OF THIS DEVELOPMENT

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Generative artificial intelligence technology is currently being used to carry out various complex activities, to solve tasks intelligently, to implement multi-criteria processes, to create multi-faceted simulations and generate complex dynamic models, to creatively perform manufacturing processes that require processing large sets of data and information, etc., which until recently only humans could do. Recently, there have been attempts to create computerized, intelligent analytical platforms, through which it would be possible to forecast complex, multi-faceted, multi-criteria, dynamically changing macroprocesses, including, first of all, long-term objectively realized economic, social, political, climatic, natural and other macroprocesses. Based on the experience to date from research work on the analysis of the development of generative artificial intelligence technology and other technologies typical of the current Fourth Technological Revolution, technologies categorized as Industry 4.0/5.0, the rapidly developing various forms and fields of application of AI technologies, it is clear that the dynamic technological progress that is currently taking place will probably increase the possibilities of building complex intelligent predictive models for multi-faceted, complex macroprocesses in the years to come. The current capabilities of generative artificial intelligence technology in the field of improving forecasting models and carrying out forecasts of the formation of specific trends within complex macroprocesses are still limited and imperfect. The imperfection of forecasting models may be due to the human factor, i.e., their design by humans, the determination by humans of the key criteria and determinants that determine the functioning of certain forecasting models. In a situation where in the future forecasting models will be designed and improved, corrected, adapted to changing, for example, environmental conditions at each stage by artificial intelligence technology then they will probably be able to be much more perfect than the currently functioning and built forecasting models. Another shortcoming is the issue of data obsolescence and data limitation. There is currently no way to connect an AI-equipped analytical platform to the entire resources of the Internet, taking into account the processing of all the data and information contained in the Internet in real time. Even today's fastest quantum computers and the most advanced Big Data Analytics systems do not have such capabilities. However, it is not out of the question that in the future the dynamic development of generative artificial intelligence technology, the ongoing competition among leading technology companies developing technologies for intelligent chatbots, robots equipped with artificial intelligence, creating intelligent control systems for machines and processes, etc., will lead to the creation of general artificial intelligence, i.e. advanced, general artificial intelligence that will be capable of self-improvement. However, it is important that the said advanced general advanced artificial intelligence does not become fully autonomous, does not become completely independent, does not become out of the control of man, because there would be a risk of this highly advanced technology turning against man which would involve the creation of high levels of risks and threats to man, including the risk of losing the possibility of human existence on planet Earth.

I have described the key issues of opportunities and threats to the development of artificial intelligence technology in my article below:

OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS AND THE NEED FOR NORMATIVE REGULATION OF THIS DEVELOPMENT

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion about it?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

I am interested in learning about environmental science, climate change, and sustainable development concepts in children's and teachers minds and would like to do some research and review on the related topics. I need some help to know the topic of the environmental education subject and related reputed journals (UGC care list with less publishing time)

What is the role of physics in environmental science research?

The restoration of biodiverse natural forest ecosystems in civilization-degraded areas, post-industrial areas, post-mining spoil heap areas, post-agricultural areas characterized by permanent drought and depleted soil, areas increasingly exposed to the negative effects of climate change, including global warming, etc., is one of several key elements of restoration. is one of several key elements in the reclamation of the natural environment, and thus also one of the main factors in the green transformation of the economy, building a sustainable closed-loop economy, achieving the goals of sustainable development, protecting the planet's biosphere, biodiversity and climate. The technological advances taking place should help smoothly carry out the green transformation of the economy, protecting nature, biodiversity and the planet's climate. Accordingly, new technologies, including Big Data Analytics, artificial intelligence and other Industry 4.0/5.0 technologies, should be used in the restoration of biodiverse natural forest ecosystems. However, the aforementioned new technologies, including Big Data Analytics technology, artificial intelligence and other Industry 4.0/5.0 technologies, especially when they are used in large computerized data centers then consume large amounts of energy. Therefore, in order for the process of using new technologies, including Big Data Analytics, artificial intelligence and other technologies that consume large amounts of energy when they are used in large data centers to fit in with the trend of green transformation of the economy and the realization of sustainable development goals, they should be powered by electricity generated from renewable and zero-carbon energy sources.

I described the key issues of opportunities and threats to the development of artificial intelligence technology in my article below:

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think on this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Sustainable construction, which involves the use of environmentally and climate-friendly and highly energy-efficient or zero-energy building materials, is one of several key segments of the ongoing green economy transformation process to build a zero-carbon, sustainable, green circular economy. In recent years, many examples of construction have been appearing, confirming the thesis that the new sustainable construction is, among other things, a return to the old, first construction techniques based on the use of natural building materials such as wood, straw and clay. In view of the above, the return to the old first construction technologies, such as the use of straw, wood, waste paper, lumber waste, in addition to sand, rock and clay in sustainable construction is therefore an important element of the green sustainable closed loop economy.

In terms of sustainable construction materials, among other things, partially processed raw materials of natural origin such as particle board and prefabricated building insulation products made from straw, waste paper, lumber waste, etc. are also used. In addition, clay is used to produce clay plaster, which can be an excellent substitute for traditional plaster.

The level of fire resistance of such building materials is also an important issue. When straw is compressed, combined with other materials and used as an insulating material it has a flammability class of S i.e. comparable to Styrofoam. In contrast, slabs, materials made from compressed straw when covered by other materials with a much lower flammability rating then the building can be highly resistant to fires. This kind of sustainable construction has been growing rapidly in some countries in recent years. In France, for example, there are already more than 10,000 buildings insulated with prefabricated products made from straw.

I am conducting research on this issue. I have included the conclusions of my research in the following article:

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think on this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Immigration: Filter @Borders

Refugee: Establish @Nation

Voluntary: Move @USA #States

Bio-Economic Ecology

Dear Researchers, Scientists, Friends,

In recent years, the need to accelerate and increase the efficiency of the green transformation of the economy has been growing in importance. This is due to the need to increase the scale of reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, as generated by energy, industry, transportation, livestock farms, etc. continue to generate high greenhouse gas emissions and the global warming process is accelerating as a result. If the processes of green transformation of the economy are not significantly accelerated then the exceeding of 1.5 degrees C of the average temperature of the planet's atmosphere (counting from the beginning of the first industrial revolution) will happen even before the end of the current decade and the occurrence of a global climate catastrophe in the second half of this 21st century will become inevitable. One of the key elements of the green transformation of the economy is the cessation of deforestation processes and the development of reforestation programs for civilizationally degraded areas, post-industrial areas, post-mining heaps, urban areas as part of the reduction of concretions, and post-agricultural areas where the soil has been depleted due to the intensification of agriculture in the industrial model. By 2023, the deforestation rate in the rainforests of the Amazon natural rainforest has been almost halved in Brazil. This is a very good trend, in which perhaps finally the scale of protection of these natural highly biodiverse forests is beginning to improve significantly. This is especially important because the highly biodiverse rainforest ecosystems of the tropical natural forests of the Amazon contain more than 300 million unique species of flora and fauna and the Amazon forest is still the largest natural area of forest ecosystem that plays a key role in the natural process of absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere and emitting oxygen. The ongoing logging of trees in the Amazon forest, and the logging of trees in other areas of natural forest ecosystems as well, which is being carried out in a formula of predatory pseudo-management, should be recognized as a crime of destroying the planet's strategic natural resources generating an increase in the threat to human existence on planet Earth. Perhaps in this way, through appropriate changes in legal regulations, the large-scale deforestation of forest areas still taking place in many parts of the world and/or the predatory pseudo-management of forests that is being carried out would finally be ended.

I presented the issue of human security in connection with the green transformation of the economy, pro-environmental policies and the implementation of sustainable development goals in the article:

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Throughout the literature, it is unclear whether algal turfs (i.e. dense assemblages of short, turf-forming algae) are a form of algae that occurs due to the effects of disturbance (waves, herbivory) or if they represent a morphological advantage that has evolved over time.

In order to save the climate, biosphere and biodiversity of natural ecosystems for future generations of people, it is necessary to significantly accelerate and increase the scale of implementation of the green economy transformation process. Given the large scale of degradation of the biosphere, loss of biodiversity and climate change that has occurred so far, so one of the most important challenges for humanity in the 21st century is to protect the earth's biosphere and natural biodiversity. One of the natural ecosystems characterized by high biodiversity is the tropical rainforests of the subtropical zone. The area of these forests is decreasing year by year. Thus, planet Earth is becoming poorer in terms of biodiversity, including the many unique species of flora and fauna that live in these forest formations. Besides, other climate zones also have significant forest resources that absorb CO2, i.e. one of the main greenhouse gases. Unfortunately, the importance of forests, including natural biodiverse forest ecosystems for maintaining natural and climatic balance, in terms of absorbing cCO2 from the atmosphere, etc. is still underestimated in many countries. Still many countries' policies are primarily influenced by business, which counts on quick profit and does not care about the state of the environment, the state of the biosphere, biodiversity and the planet's climate. As a result, still in many countries, instead of developing programs for reforestation of post-industrial, civilization-degraded areas, instead of restoration of damaged natural environments, instead of restoration of green areas on areas of soil exhausted by the use of intensive agriculture carried out in the model of industrial production of agricultural crops, etc., it is cutting down more areas of forest. The ongoing deforestation on planet Earth is one of the most serious problems of environmental policy. Thus, the magnitude of negative climate change is increasing and the planet's natural biodiversity is rapidly decreasing, as well as nature's ability to absorb CO2, the production of oxygen to the atmosphere is decreasing. In view of the above, in order to counteract the adverse effects of climate change, including the increasingly rapid process of global warming, it is necessary to increase investment and development of afforestation programs, increase areas of green space and expand the protection of natural forest ecosystems. The impact of forest trees is particularly important as one of the important factors in counteracting adverse climate change and counteracting the increasingly rapid process of global warming. It is therefore necessary to increase forest areas. The most naturally and ecologically effective forest ecosystems are restored according to the formula of restoring these ecosystems in such a way that they are as close as possible in species composition of flora and fauna to their natural counterparts, i.e. natural forest ecosystems that in a given area and/or climate zone occur in their original state or that in a given area in the past occurred before they were cut down during the development of civilization.

In this connection, it is necessary to develop afforestation programs for civilization-degraded areas and green areas also in areas of urban agglomerations. In this connection, it is also necessary to increase investment and development of afforestation programs within the framework of national environmental policies. Within the framework of these programs, it is also necessary to increase the scope of protection of natural forest ecosystems.

On the importance of the above issues, including the importance of afforestation as an essential element in carrying out a green transformation of the economy and saving the planet's biosphere and climate, I have included the following article and several others of my articles available on my Research Gate portal profile:

I invite you to discuss this important topic for the future of the biosphere and climate of the planet.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion about it?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

To consider the question of the role of so-called "carbon credits" in the context of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, one would have to assume that such a system actually reliably works. However, from what is reported by independent journalists, environmentalists, people who care about protecting the climate, biosphere and biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems, including the forests of the Amazon, even those declared patches of natural Amazon Rainforest taken for protection under the so-called carbon credits are nevertheless often cut down.

Perhaps something will finally begin to change, to improve, in terms of protecting the climate, biosphere and biodiversity of the natural ecosystems of the Amazon Rainforest in connection with the first Amazon Forest Conservation Summit in 14 years, currently being held in Belém, Brazil. Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon fell by 60 percent in July compared to the same month last year. The announcement of the positive trend coincides with the start of a summit in Belém of the 8 countries whose territories include the Amazon forest. This summit is attended by representatives of the governments of the 8 countries whose territory includes the natural Amazon Forest. Perhaps plans and commitments will be made to realistically protect this largest terrestrial reservoir of natural biodiversity and natural forests characterized by a particularly high contribution to absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere and producing oxygen. It may also be that the processes of increasing the scale of protection of these forests and reducing their still large-scale logging will be accelerated so that by 2030 at the latest, the deforestation of these forests will be completely ended. This is a particularly important issue because more than 20 percent of the Amazon rainforest has already disappeared due to human activity.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Another security line has been crossed in 2023. The increase in average global temperature will reach 1.4 degrees Celsius above the level of the Industrial Revolution this year, the World Meteorological Organization is warning.

This year's preliminary report by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), titled "State of the Global Climate," confirms that 2023 will be the warmest year on record for measurements, surpassing the so far record-breaking year of 2016, when an increase of 1.2 degrees Celsius in average global temperature was recorded. This signals that the world, despite declarations to the contrary, is moving away from its stated goals for action to limit temperature increases. Climatology research shows that there has been a record increase in average atmospheric temperature in the global scla in 2023. The World Meteorological Organization has published a report presenting the results of research conducted on long-term climate change analysis. The publication of this report took place in early December 2023, i.e. at the beginning of the UN Climate Summit COP28 in Dubai.

The crossing of the aforementioned next security limit confirming the thesis of the increasing scale of the natural and climate catastrophe unequivocally means that the declarations made by the leaders of the world's leading countries on combating climate change at the UN Climate COP, among others, do not fully coincide with actions and the actions taken are still far too limited. Unfortunately, individual countries are not meeting their declared targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions to a sufficient degree. The recent UN Climate Summit COP28 in Dubai indicates that this does not look like it will change any time soon. WMO Secretary-General Peterri Taalas, commenting on the theses of a report prepared by the organization he heads, said, "Greenhouse gas emissions are at record levels. The average global temperature is at record levels, water levels in the oceans and seas are rising, the Antarctic ice sheet is at record thinness."

WMO Secretary-General Peterri Taalas also announced that "these are not just statistics. We risk losing the battle to save the glaciers and halt the rise in sea and ocean levels. We can't go back to the 20th century, but we must act today to reduce the risk of a climate that is very unfavorable to life." In support of these words, the report's authors point out that in 2023, the Arctic's ice cap area is only one million square kilometers, less than the previous infamous record in this category. In addition, glaciers in the Swiss Alps have shrunk by 10 percent in the past two years. The scale of forest fires has increased. Forest fires in Canada that occurred in 2023 covered a record 5 percent of the country's total forested areas. These are just some examples of events that are related to climate change. But from the aforementioned report there is also a small spark of hope for humanity and the planet's biosphere.

Well, the conclusions of the authors of the WMO report, however, do not mean that we have already permanently crossed the threshold of a 1.5-degree increase in average temperature, which the Paris Agreement defined as a level that means catastrophic and irreversible global climate change. On the other hand, however, it is a threatening prediction, a highly probable long-term forecast of what may happen in the near future. Besides, what until recently was referred to as a long-term prediction of how climate change will shape up over the next few decades is likely to take place over a much shorter period, as the processes of climate change, including the progressive process of global warming, have accelerated significantly in recent years.

According to data reported by Reuters, there are many indications that 2024 may see further records of the planet's atmospheric temperature increase. As a result, 2024 could be another year of records in terms of changes in average global temperature. One of the additional factors intensifying the magnitude of the planet's temperature increase in 2024 is the phenomenon known as El Nino, i.e. the phenomenon of the persistence of above-average surface temperatures in the equatorial zone of the Pacific. Well, during the operation of the El Nino phenomenon, large amounts of energy flow from the ocean to the atmosphere, causing a short-term increase in the average temperature of the Earth's surface and increasing the likelihood of a year with record high average temperatures. The full release of the State of the Global Climate 2023 report is expected in the first half of 2024.

In view of the above, there is not much time left to save the planet's climate, biosphere and biodiversity. To what extent it will be possible to save the climate, biosphere and biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems for future generations depends on how quickly and efficiently the green transformation of the economy can be carried out, including the green transformation of the energy sector, and succeed in building a green, zero-emission, sustainable closed-loop economy.

I am conducting research on this issue. I have described key aspects of the above issue in the article: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AS A KEY ELEMENT OF THE PRO-ECOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE ECONOMY TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY

I invite you to scientific cooperation in this problematic,

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion on this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

A key premise for formulating such questions is the adage that a drop beats a rock. Often, when we wonder whether to choose a bicycle instead of an internal combustion car as a means of transportation in a situation of driving to a nearby store, the answer appears that, after all, with this one gesture, this action performed only by us in a situation where many other people, including neighbors, friends, etc. do not do it, we ourselves will not save the climate and the biosphere. But, after all, this is what many people think. And each individual, if this thinking would change and replace the car with a bicycle then one drop will turn into thousands and then into millions of drops, into rain, into a river and large-scale changes will be realized. The same applies, for example, to the issue of segregating waste, to the use of pesticides in the home garden, to the creation of a flower meadow instead of mowing the lawn, to changing consumption habits to more prudent and sustainable ones, on the reuse of used products and recyclables in the sharing economy, etc. Of course, green financial subsidies, regulatory change are key instruments to motivate this kind of change, to systemically address the issue of smoothly carrying out the green transformation of the economy to build a sustainable, zero-carbon, green closed-loop economy. However, the adage that a drop drills the scale is valid. In this regard, it is particularly important to change the consciousness and mentality of individual people individually and, at the same time, of many people in society.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion about it?

What is your opinion on this topic?

Please answer,

I invite you all to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In the global agricultural sector, sustainable organic agriculture is still in a significant minority vis-à-vis unsustainable production and expansive agriculture, which, within the production of meat raw material, is one of several major GHG-emitting sectors of the economy. The sector of unsustainable, high-carbon, expansive agriculture conducted in a production model that does not respect the planet's climate and biosphere should be included in the green economy transformation programs being developed. This is one of the key issues of the necessary increase in the scale and efficiency of green economy transformation processes. The aforementioned increase in the scale and efficiency of the processes of green transformation of the economy is necessary in order to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase the chances of stopping the increasingly rapid process of global warming, including, above all, stopping the increase in the average temp. of the planet's atmosphere at a level in the neighborhood of 1.5 degrees C compared to the state before the first industrial revolution. The development of sustainable organic agriculture of the production of vegetable crops without the use of pesticides and other pesticides is not only the production of healthier vegetable crops, devoid of chemicals in their composition. The development of sustainable organic agriculture of the production of vegetable crops in a formula that takes into account the realization of the goals of sustainable development, social climate responsibility and environmental responsibility are also, among other things. protection of pollinating insects, protection of soils from barrenness, stopping deforestation of forests and replacing this process with aforestation of wasteland and civilizationally degraded areas, increasing the scale of use of vegetable agricultural waste for the production of compost for fertilization of agricultural fields and soil fertilization, a significant reduction in the level of environmental pollution, powering the farm with energy from renewable and emission-free energy sources, building rainwater catchment and collection facilities for irrigation of gardens and farmland, replacing carbon-intensive production of meat raw material with alternative sustainable technologies for animal protein production, building biogas plants to produce biofuels to power agricultural machinery, creating areas and green belts separating individual farm fields, developing sustainable agro-tourism and manufactories for the production of local food products from agricultural crops the origin of sustainable organic farming, etc.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion on this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In my opinion, both unfavorable processes, ie the global warming and the depletion of the ozone layer in the atmosphere will increase in the future.

However, there is still some time to implement the necessary pro-ecological reforms to slow down these processes. It is estimated that there has been a decade of time to carry out the necessary pro-ecological investments, thanks to which it would be possible to implement sustainable pro-ecological development in the global economy.

Hedgehogs do not take these actions in the next decade, then these unfavorable climate processes will accelerate in the future and become permanently irreversible. Then, at the end of the twenty-first century, there will be a global climate cataclysm that will threaten the life of all humanity and a large part of other life forms that inhabit the planet Earth.

The problem is therefore serious and underestimated by politicians, entrepreneurs, industrialists and many other social groups. The problem of global warming and decreasing ozone layer in the atmosphere is too little publicized and the educated society is not educated enough.

In view of the above, the current question is: Are the biggest global problems of the future underestimated and ignored?

Please, answer, comments. I invite you to the discussion.

The effective economic development of a region, municipality or local economy may also depend, among other things, on the development of cooperation developed between local government units and commercially operating business entities. The development of cooperation developed between local government units and commercial operators can activate the development of green entrepreneurship and eco-innovation. The development of cooperation developed between local government units and locally or regionally operating economic entities of the SME sector may be activated in order to increase the scale of development of pro-environmental, green entrepreneurship and eco-innovativeness. The development of the aforementioned cooperation can be an important element in increasing the effectiveness of the green economy transformation process. The green transformation of the economy should lead to the implementation of sustainable development goals, increasing the scale of biosphere, biodiversity and climate protection. The implementation of green economic projects can be carried out more efficiently and effectively through the systemic cooperation of public institutions, local governments and commercially operating companies and enterprises, which cooperate and implement joint green projects together, which should increase the scale of sustainability.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Local government units carry out local or regional socio-economic policies. The said local or regional socio-economic policy plays an important role in the context of the government and central institutions of state power conducting socio-economic policies implemented on a national scale. Local authorities have opportunities to implement new development concepts, which are an important factor in activating local economic development, including the development of companies and enterprises operating in the region and their level of innovation, the development of cooperation with other local operating institutions. In addition, the local government has the opportunity to take into account the needs of the local community so that socio-economic, as well as cultural, environmental, climate policy, etc. can be more fully implemented to meet the expectations of citizens. As a result, local governments can also be pioneering entities, innovators implementing into locally or regionally implemented socio-economic policies also new environmental and climate policy goals, including the goals of sustainable development, the goals of green transformation of the economy, etc., which are extremely important for citizens currently living in the municipalities and future generations of citizens. As a result, these pro-environmental, pro-climate and therefore viable pro-social goals are finally being implemented in some local government units in Poland. For example, the concept of urban development, which has been developing since the beginning of the country's systemic and economic transformation, but also earlier, since the time of real socialism functioning until 1989, carried out within the framework of the so-called "betonosis", is being replaced by a pro-environmental and pro-climate strategy for the development of green areas in cities, areas of urban parks, the development of urban flower meadows and so on. But unfortunately, still this pro-climate, pro-environmental, pro-ecological and thus realistically pro-social trend is developing too slowly and too little in relation to needs.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion about it?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In the 21st century, the dominant model of economic development in many countries will be based on a combination of the concept of a social market economy with the realization of the goals of sustainable development and a smoothly carried out green transformation of the economy. There is still much room for improvement on many issues, both at the level of economic policy taking into account the realization of the goals of sustainable development and the process of green transformation of the economy, i.e. at the macroeconomic scale, as well as in the effective operation of economic entities that implement green economic ventures and are socially, climatically and environmentally responsible, i.e. at the microeconomic scale. Many issues at the aforementioned various levels of research are still to be improved in order to increase the efficiency and accelerate the implementation of the process of green transformation of the economy and activate economic entities, including companies, enterprises, financial institutions and also public institutions to undertake green investments, implement the principles of sustainable development, the principles of green closed-loop economics, increase social climate and environmental responsibility, switch manufacturing processes to generate less greenhouse gas emissions and environmental pollution, etc. The new green technologies and eco-innovations being created can increase the possibilities and improve the efficiency of the aforementioned processes of green transformation of the economy. With the aforementioned new green technologies and eco-innovations, there may also be increased opportunities to combine the concept of a social market economy with commercially operating private companies and enterprises, public institutions and the government pursuing certain social and economic policies with the realization of the goals of sustainable development and efficient green transformation of the economy.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion on this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

The 28th UN Climate Conference (COP 28) will be held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, from November 30 to December 12, 2023. In view of the fact that 2023 was the warmest year in 125,000 years, so the question is increasingly topical: Why are the pledges made by governments and corporations at the UN COP Climate Summits to accelerate the processes of green transformation of the economy not being implemented or only marginally implemented? The COP28 Climate Summit once again points to the need to raise funds to help economically underdeveloped countries and those particularly burdened by the negative effects of the accelerating process of global warming to finance pro-environmental and pro-climate economic ventures, create solutions to reduce the aforementioned negative effects of climate change, and prevent the development of these negative effects, including but not limited to building power plants based on renewable and zero-emission energy sources, building additional irrigation systems, desalinating seawater, developing climate-resilient construction, developing sustainable agriculture adequately protected against increasingly frequent and severe periods of drought, counteracting the progressive process of soil aridity, stopping the progressive process of deforestation of tropical rainforests, and so on. In addition, once again, as at previous UN COP climate conferences, the same demands were made, including, among others, that there should be no more support for fossil fuels, as unfortunately these subsidies are still in place. In addition, that the continuing processes of forest deforestation should be replaced with aforestation, among other things, in industrially degraded areas, that the rapid decline in the biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems should be halted, that expansive industrial agriculture should be replaced with sustainable organic farming, that waste generation should be reduced and closed-loop economics should be developed, and so on. However, at the current UN Climate Conference COP28, strongly controversial issues have emerged, which may suggest that the issue of urgently accelerating the green transformation of the economy is still not taken seriously by some countries. Well, the UN Climate Conference COP28 will be chaired by a board member of one of the world's largest oil companies. The hosts of this year's COP28 Climate Conference, the Saudis want to promote technologies to capture CO2 from the atmosphere and do not want to reduce oil production. Unfortunately, this way the climate crisis will not be solved. This issue evidently confirms the thesis that countries that have developed large-scale fossil fuel extraction and/or processing industries are not interested in seriously, efficiently and quickly implementing the green transformation of the economy.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion on this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In recent years, in connection with the inclusion of the agricultural sector in the process of green transformation of the economy as well, new solutions are being sought, created and implemented to enable the transformation of productive farms into sustainable, pro-environmental, pro-climate, organic farms growing crops and other aspects of agricultural activity in accordance with the principles of organic farming and with the simultaneous implementation of sustainable development goals. Accordingly, on a farm operated in accordance with the formula of sustainable organic agriculture, pesticides and other chemical pesticides and chemically produced fertilizers are not used in agricultural crops, energy is obtained from renewable and emission-free energy sources, water is obtained mainly from rainwater catchment facilities, organic manure and processed organic waste from composters are used to fertilize farm fields, crop rotations are used within the framework of multi-year cycles to restore high soil quality and prevent soil aridity, individual farm fields are separated by green belts and flower meadows to provide foraging areas for pollinating insects, on-farm mini-treatment plants are built to treat wastewater generated on the farm and not used in a specific way for farm purposes, etc. Besides, on a farm run according to the formula of sustainable organic farming, available technologies for the production of biofuels based on organic compost, from organic waste from agricultural crops, through which motor fuel is produced to power tractors and other agricultural machinery, should be used. These may include the construction of biogas plants, where biogas can be produced, which can then be used to power agricultural machinery. Besides, in a sustainable, ecological, pro-environmental, pro-climate farm, agro-tourism activities may also be developed, and certain preserves, food products, such as jams, juices, cheeses, etc., may be produced within the framework of a micro-production activity or manufactory, within the framework of local brands on the basis of organically produced, cultivated crops. In addition, such sustainable, organic agritourism farms may be associated within a local producers' cooperative with silos, warehouses, etc. in which crops from the cultivation of several or more locally operating farms and/or agritourism farms are stored, including or mainly, only those operating under the formula of sustainable organic farming.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion on this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Highly biodiverse natural forests have been forming for thousands of years, and through the use of predatory pseudo-management of forests, predatory logging of entire stands, including aged old-growth forests, burning of forests for productive unsustainable agricultural crops, etc., forest areas are rapidly decreasing year by year. Highly biodiverse natural forests are characterized by an abundance of many species of flora, fauna and other types of forms of living organisms linked by various ecological relationships and relations. They create a specific microclimate softening the local climate. They significantly increase water retention and water absorption by the biosphere of the forest ecosystem. High biodiversity of life forms, including ecologically interacting different life forms of flora, fauna, fungi and microorganisms creates sustainability of the adapted to specific climatic, geological, etc. natural ecosystems. Highly biodiverse natural forests are characterized by high levels of absorption of part of human-generated CO2 emissions and oxygen production. Highly biodiverse natural forests are also characterized by a high level of ecological, natural and environmental sustainability, as well as a high level of resilience to various adverse influences, the actions of external abiotic and biotic factors that could throw a sustainable natural ecosystem out of balance if it were susceptible to certain factors. Considering the more than 3 billion year period of evolutionary development of life forms, sustainability and biodiversity are the greatest achievements of the evolution of life on planet Earth. In view of the accelerating climate crisis, the accelerating process of global warming of the planet's atmosphere, the role of 21st century man who appreciates these resources and achievements of nature should be the ever-increasing scale of the protection of natural biodiversity and the pursuit of sustainability. In this regard, the unfavorable civilizational processes acting on natural biodiverse ecosystems should be reversed. Forest deforestation processes should be replaced by aforestation processes after industrial degraded areas. The increasingly frequent climatic disasters resulting from climate change, the increasingly rapid process of global warming, in addition to the Covid-19 pandemic of 2020, force us to reflect on the scale of imbalance in nature by the development of civilization. It is necessary to reverse these negative processes, restore the balance, reduce environmental pollution, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, develop renewable energy sources, implement the principles of sustainable development based on the concept of sustainable green closed-loop economics, etc. It is necessary to change the development of civilization so as to increase the scope of sustainability, rehabilitate areas degraded by industrial development, significantly increase the level of protection of biodiverse natural forests, develop programs for reforestation of wasteland, areas of depleted soils, replace intensive and industrial agriculture with sustainable organic agriculture, etc. It is essential to increase the areas under strict nature protection and create more national and landscape parks. The entire area of the natural, highly biodiverse, containing unique species of flora and fauna, natural rainforests of the Amazon should be established not only as a national park but also as a planetary natural heritage park, and therefore the entire natural area of the Amazon should be placed under strict protection.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion about it?

What do you think about this topic?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

I deleted the question because of RG QA rules.

I found this lonely flower in almost all the site where I found the red clover. Is it the partner of the red clover or something like that cause i saw it every time? I didn´t find information but I think it is a Taraxacum officinale? If someone has information, let me know.

For example, a journal to which I am considering submitting a manuscript is included in different quartiles (Q2 and Q3) of WoS in both environmental sciences and sustainable science and technology. My study complies with both fields, which one would you recommend I consider?

Within the framework of the agroecological concept of a sustainable farm or agritourism farm engaged in organic farming, an important issue is the application of the principles of sustainable development, circular economy, energy supply from sources of green clean energy, increasing the scale of recycling, efficient harvesting of rainwater through the establishment of rainwater catchment facilities, etc., and also increasing the scale of biodiversity both in terms of organic production of vegetable crops and additionally created green areas in the area of the farm or agritourism farm. Research shows that if on a farm, for example, 10 percent of the existing area of crop production, crops grown intensively in the production and unsustainable model is allocated to the creation of additional green areas, primarily additional areas of forests, then the issue of water retention, the natural process of rainwater accumulation in the surface layers of the earth, the scale of soil erosion is reduced, the soil becomes more agriculturally productive, the scale of humus formation in the soil is increased, and so on. Therefore, increasing the scale of biodiversity in the agro-ecological concept of sustainable farming or agro-tourism practicing organic farming can increase the productivity of crop production under the conditions of progressive climate change.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Thank you,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.

In writing this text I did not use other sources or automatic text generation systems.

Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz

Ecologists should pay attention to which aspects when applying mathematics?

I have a curiosity about the different perspectives on emergence. In biology, we usually assume that there are diverse biological entities, such as cells, tissues, organs, systems, organisms, populations, and communities. We can study each entity from a reductionist perspective to describe how we can understand its properties based on its smaller components. We also study these entities from a holistic perspective because we assume that each entity has emergent properties that cannot be reduced to their smaller parts. Both approaches are necessary because there is dualism in emergence (i.e., we can identidy two different units), but they are not independent (i.e., tissues depend on cells to exist).

What exactly causes emergence? Is it the interaction between the components of the system (in a specific way)? And what are the limits to describe something as a new level of organization that cannot be reduced to its smaller parts? In summary, how can we recognize and classify something as presenting emergent properties in practice? I think these discussions are at the heart of many misinterpretations of scientific discoveries that are usually interpreted from either a reductionist or a holistic view, but not both.

In your opinion, can the new technologies of Industry 4.0, including especially artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning applied in combination with big data, information and knowledge collected and processed on Big Data Analytics platforms help the development of sustainable organic agriculture based on planning, arranging and managing biodiverse, multi-species crops of agricultural crops?

The process of planning, designing, arranging sustainable crops of agricultural crops grown according to the formula of organic agriculture, which aims to restore highly sustainable, biodiverse natural agricultural ecosystems, should take into account many factors that are a mix of natural biotic, climatic, geological and abiotic factors and changes in these factors that have taken place over the last centuries or millennia within the framework of the development of human, unsustainable civilisation, the development of a robber economy based on intensive industrial development with ignoring the issue of negative externalities towards the surrounding environment.

Considering how this should be a complex, multifaceted process of planning, designing, managing and restoring highly sustainable biodiverse forest and sustainable agricultural ecosystems, the application in this process of new generations of Industry 4.0 technologies, including, above all, artificial intelligence based on large sets of data, information and knowledge concerning many different aspects of nature, ecology, climate, civilisation, etc. collected and processed on Big Data Analytics platforms may prove to be of great help.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What is your opinion?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

With a rapidly growing global population, concerns and questions about the ability to feed the ever-increasing number of people living on planet Earth have been around for many years, but still remain. With a growing population, the scale of civilisation's processing of environmental matter, the scale of industrialisation, the consumption of renewable and increasingly also non-renewable raw materials, the increasing scale of waste generation, environmental pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, etc., the possibilities of feeding the world's population in the future will diminish rather than increase. In addition, the negative effects of the development of civilisation, including above all the accelerating process of global warming, may develop at an even faster rate. Therefore, it is necessary to urgently shift the development of civilisation towards sustainability, to significantly increase the scale of implementation of sustainable development goals, to carry out a green transformation of the economy, including a green transformation of agriculture, and to create new forms of sustainable organic farming, which will be more resistant to negative biotic and abiotic external factors, including, above all, limited resources of agricultural land and the successively increasing negative impact of the progressing process of global warming, including increasingly frequent periods of drought, soil barrenness, plagues of pests and various diseases affecting agricultural crops, etc., which will have a negative impact on the development of civilisation.

Therefore, combining the seemingly contradictory goals of increasing the production of food for people with a reduction in the agricultural areas on which agriculture is practised according to the traditional production formula, stopping deforestation turned into aforestation, increasing the production of crops for human rather than livestock consumption, significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing the scale of pro-environmental agriculture, etc., it is precisely the development of vertical farming that can help in this process of green transformation of agriculture.

Vertical farming, also referred to by such terms as vertical farming, vertical farms, consists of growing crops in a vertical formula, in which individual plants are placed one above the other on multi-level platforms. This results in a more efficient use of space, practically multiplying the cultivation area. In addition, vertical cultivation can be established and cultivated anywhere, even in the centre of a large city. Vertical cultivation can be established both in specially designed halls and by adapting existing buildings. Crops such as lettuce, strawberries, herbs and mushrooms, for example, are grown in vertical racks, towers with troughs or purpose-built systems with continuous irrigation and additional artificial lighting.

In view of the above, vertical farming is becoming an excellent alternative to traditional agriculture. The vertical positioning of plants allows a very good use of space, as a result of which significant yields can be obtained from a small area. Vertical farming uses up to 10 times less water compared to traditional agriculture. In addition, vertical farming does not use pesticides and other chemical plant protection products, as the plants are grown in closed, air-conditioned rooms with artificial lighting.

These can even be created in multi-storey buildings in cities or in halls located on the outskirts of cities. This also saves on transport and increases the food self-sufficiency of cities. The problem of droughts occurring more and more frequently in areas of fields cultivated under traditional agriculture does not apply to vertical farming. Therefore, vertical agriculture can be an excellent complement and can also partially replace traditional agriculture in the context of the progressive process of global warming. Therefore, in the context of a progressive global warming process, vertical farming can be an excellent complement to traditionally practised sustainable organic farming. In addition, vertical farming, due to the absence of pesticides and other chemical plant protection products, can also be carried out according to the basic principles that apply to organic farming.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion on this?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Hoping to hear your opinions, to know your personal opinion, to have an honest approach to discussing scientific issues and not ChatGPT-generated ready-made answers, I deliberately used the phrase "in your opinion" in the question.

The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.

I have not used other sources or automatic text generation systems such as ChatGPT in writing this text.

Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

As part of the technological advances that have been taking place in recent years, which are also rapidly advancing as part of the development of ICT information technologies and Industry 4.0, more and more sophisticated analytical instruments and research techniques are being developed to carry out increasingly complex, multifaceted and Big Data-based analyses of the various processes taking place in nature and to obtain increasingly precise results from the research conducted. With the combination of ICT information technology and Industry 4.0 with satellite analysis technology, the analyses of changes in the biodiversity of the planet's various natural ecosystems carried out using satellites placed in planetary orbit are also being improved. Taking into account the negative human impact on the biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems that has been taking place since the beginning of the development of the first technological and industrial revolution, and especially in the Anthropocene epoch from the mid-20th century onwards, there is a growing need to counteract these negative processes, a need to increase the scale and outlays allocated to the improvement of nature conservation systems and instruments, including the protection of the biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems.

Improving nature conservation and biodiversity protection systems also requires cyclic surveys of the state of biodiversity of individual terrestrial and marine natural ecosystems of the planet and analyses of progressive environmental degradation and the rate of biodiversity loss. In the situation of obtaining more precise results of research concerning changes in the state of the natural environment and the rate of loss of biodiversity of particular terrestrial and marine natural ecosystems of the planet occurring in various climate zones, changes in the state of the climate and diagnosing key civilisational determinants generating those changes, it is possible to apply specific actions and systemic solutions within the framework of counteracting negative processes of degradation of the natural environment and loss of biodiversity within the framework of improving nature protection techniques more effectively and adapted to the specific nature of a given local biosphere, climate conditions, diagnosed processes of the aforementioned changes but also economic factors. In this connection, the technology of artificial intelligence, which has been developing particularly rapidly in recent years, can also prove helpful in the process of improving the planning, design, management and restoration of natural ecosystems, taking into account a high degree of sustainability, biodiversity and naturalness, i.e. the restoration of natural ecosystems that existed in a specific area centuries ago. In the process of the aforementioned restoration of sustainable, highly biodiverse terrestrial and marine natural ecosystems of the planet, many primary factors must also be taken into account, including geological and climatic factors as well as the modifications previously applied to the area by man concerning geology, land irrigation, drainage, microclimate, soil quality, environmental pollution, the presence of certain invasive species of flora, fauna, fungi and microorganisms. Therefore, the process of planning, design, management and restoration of biodiverse natural ecosystems should take into account many of the above-mentioned factors that are a mix of natural biotic, climatic, geological and abiotic factors and changes in these factors that have taken place over the last centuries or millennia, i.e. changes and side-effects of the development of human, unsustainable civilisation, the development of a robber economy based on intensive industrial development with ignoring the issue of negative externalities towards the surrounding natural environment.

Considering how this should be a complex, multifaceted process of planning, designing, arranging and restoring the planet's biodiverse, natural ecosystems, the application in this process of the new generations of Industry 4.0 technologies, including, above all, artificial intelligence based on large sets of data, information and knowledge concerning many different aspects of nature, ecology, climate, civilisation, etc., collected and processed on Big Data Analytics platforms, can be of great help. On the other hand, artificial intelligence technology combined with satellite analytics can also be of great help in improving research processes aimed at investigating changes in the state of the planet's biosphere, including analysis of the decline in biodiversity of individual ecosystems occurring in specific natural areas and precise diagnosis of the rate of the aforementioned negative changes resulting in environmental degradation and the key determinants causing specific changes.

I will write more about this in the book I am currently writing. In this monograph, I will include the results of my research on this issue. I invite you to join me in scientific cooperation on this issue.

Counting on your opinions, on getting to know your personal opinion, on an honest approach to discussions in scientific problems, and not on ready-made answers generated in ChatGPT, I deliberately used the phrase "in your opinion" in the question.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Counting on your opinions, on getting to know your personal opinion, on an honest approach to discussing scientific issues and not ChatGPT-generated ready-made answers, I deliberately used the phrase "in your opinion" in the question.

The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.

I have not used other sources or automatic text generation systems such as ChatGPT in writing this text.

Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Increasingly, future global climate catastrophe is being combined with global biodiversity catastrophe in scientific deliberations. Still high civilization's greenhouse gas emissions are causing global warming to accelerate. If nothing changes in this regard, according to the predictions of climatologists, climate geophysicists, ecologists, researchers operating in interdisciplinary areas, etc., in a few decades planet Earth will face a global climate catastrophe, which will result, among other things, in a many times higher frequency and scale of emerging periods of severe drought, heat, forest fires, etc., which will result in the impossibility of human existence on most of the planet's land areas. This will be associated with lack of water, permanently breaking out fires, inability to grow crops, etc. In addition, in these areas, the level of biodiversity of natural ecosystems will decline many times over. To a large extent, most of the planet's biosphere will be affected. The scale of the ongoing mass extinction of many species of flora and fauna, the scale of the current great 6 species extinctions (6 within the history of life on Earth) will increase many times over. The biodiversity of the planet will decrease many times over, that is, what has evolved for hundreds of millions of years as part of the evolution of life on Earth, man will destroy in a relatively short period of a few centuries at most (counting from the period of the first industrial revolution). Therefore, the results of many scientific studies already support the thesis that a global climate catastrophe will also generate a global biodiversity catastrophe, and therefore the two catastrophes should be studied simultaneously as closely related. Do you agree with this thesis? Whether you agree or not then please provide substantive arguments, studies, publications.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite you all to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

What hints or key points should someone talking about this shouldn't miss?

Can anyone recommend resources (videos, books, articles,...) on how to collect, process and interpret Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data in geology, environmental sciences, and archaeology?

J is a bias correction factor that used to remove the small-sample-size bias of the standardized differences of means.

Banks, wanting to move with the times, are modifying their offers of financial products and services, including banking, adapting them to changing social trends and customer preferences. Modifications of banking offers mainly concerning the issue of organization, the channel of access to offers are also determined by the technological progress taking place. On the other hand, in terms of changes regarding social trends, changes in customers' worldview, customers' awareness of certain topics considered current and developing, it is the banks that are now recognizing the increasing level of customers' awareness of the climate change taking place, the ongoing process of global warming, the role of humans in these processes, potential threats to the biosphere and people in the future if these processes continue, the need to urgently carry out a green transformation of the economy, to build a green closed loop economy, a sustainable and zero-carbon economy, a sharing economy, the implementation of sustainable development goals. Accordingly, banks, on the one hand, for part of their loan offerings, give names to green loans, which they provide as investment business loans for borrowers planning to implement a green business venture involving, for example, setting up photovoltaic panels on the roof of a house, apartment building, store, business, etc, purchasing an electric or hydrogen-powered car, setting up a household sewage treatment plant, a rainwater catchment system for watering the lawn, building a composter next to the home garden, building a biogas plant producing biogas for energy needs from organic and post-agricultural waste, insulating the facade of a residential building to increase the scale of savings in energy consumption, setting up a system of intelligent blinds to optimize the temperature of the building and increase energy independence, building a system to optimize waste sorting and increase the scale of recycling, building a retention reservoir in an area threatened by long-term drought, carrying out a zoning change investment to reduce the area covered with concrete or asphalt and increase the area of greenery in the city, etc. On the other hand, companies, financial institutions, including commercial banks are modifying their missions and development strategies by adding green business issues, environmental social responsibility, sustainable development goals and fashionable green slogans. Some enterprises, companies and banks also in advertising spots, videos promoting the organization's logo present this logo in the form of an animation that suggests the changes already made in the organization, that the company, enterprise or bank has become green in terms of mission and strategy, that it pursues certain selected or all sustainability goals. But this is not always consistent with the facts. Increasingly, it is greenwashing. The scale of greenwashing is growing rapidly because there is no system for verifying and certifying business entities on the question of whether they are indeed green, whether they are pursuing sustainability goals, at what scale they are doing so in the context of their overall business operations. However, some of the banks that offer, for example, green loans actually finance with their help the green business ventures that the borrowers implement. But, after all, in a significant part of the banks that modify their offerings of banking products in this way, including loans they are still only realizing what they have been doing for many years. The only difference is that previously, before the modification of the bank's offer, the financing of the borrower's project of setting up a photovoltaic panel on the roof of the house or buying an electric car was done by the bank through the granting of an investment loan and not, as now, the granting of a green investment loan. In addition, the difference is also only that green technologies are rapidly developing and becoming cheaper. Until a dozen years ago, the purchase of an electric car or the installation of a photovoltaic panel on the roof of a residential building involved a much higher expense or was practically unaffordable for citizens with an average income level. However, much has been changing in this regard in recent years, and as a result, banks are also modifying their banking product offerings and adding the issues of ecology, green transformation and implementation of sustainable development goals to their missions and development strategies. With increasing competition among banks on the issue of green banking product offerings, it is becoming more and more common for individual banks, as part of advertising campaigns, in advertising spots and promotional videos introducing their green banking products, to also give examples of a specific type of green business venture that can be financed with, for example, a specific type of green loan or green lease. In view of the above, I give one example: One bank in Poland advertises green financing in the form of photovoltaic leasing for companies and SMEs, as well as leasing an electric car. What other similar examples of advertising green banking products and/or financing certain types of green business ventures with them are used by commercial banks?

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

As we know, trees, forests, especially old, natural forests, primeval forests with old-growth forests without human interference, without the influence of civilization, are the refuge of the greatest resources of biodiversity of natural ecosystems. Besides, forests play a particularly important role in the issue of slowing down the human-induced global warming process, which is progressing faster and faster. Forests also play a very important role in mitigating weather and climate anomalies, maintaining a mild microclimate friendly to living organisms, keeping the soil and air moist, maintaining the high level of biodiversity and soil fertility created over thousands or millions of years, and so on.

Deforestation still dominates over afforestation in many regions of the world. Forests are still being cut down and burned to acquire new areas for agricultural development, the cultivation of crops, which is usually carried out in the form of unsustainable robbery. In addition, this practice is carried out mainly in the tropics and subtropics, where after logging, forests created new arable land is quickly subject to drought and the soil becomes barren. Restoring a forest that has functioned for thousands of years or more in a specific area on the depleted soil requires huge expenditures. In addition, vegetable crops are grown on these new agricultural areas, which are either transported thousands of kilometers to other countries, which generates high greenhouse gas emissions, or are not used for human food but for livestock feed, which also generates high emissions, as industrial livestock farming is a source of high emissions of the potent greenhouse gas methane. Therefore, with a view to protecting the climate, biosphere and biodiversity of the planet's natural ecosystems, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and counteract the ongoing process of global warming.

Various examples of reducing paper consumption and saving forests are as follows:

In some countries, the scale of printing notebooks, notebooks, books, including school books, has been reduced and students as early as elementary school write at school on tablets or laptops rather than in paper notebooks. Green economic activities involving, for example, the production of furniture from recycled materials are also emerging.

Another example is the replacement of dirty energy based on burning firewood with renewable and emission-free sources of clean energy. Unfortunately, in some countries, in order to falsify statistics on the development of renewable energy at the behest of the government, central statistical institutions, ministries and government agencies dealing with climate and environmental issues also count firewood as a renewable energy source. Such absurdities unfortunately still exist in some countries.

Another example is the use of secondary raw materials of various origins in the construction industry instead of using wood, and especially instead of newly harvested wood from companies producing building materials based on fresh, new wood raw material from a sawmill.

As of 1.8.2023, paper receipts are not printed in France to save trees. You have to ask for a printed receipt if the customer needs one.

What other examples of reducing paper consumption and saving forests are as follows?

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please respond,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Counting on your opinions, on getting to know your personal opinion, on a fair approach to the discussion of scientific issues, I deliberately used the phrase "in your opinion" in the question.

The above text is entirely my own work written by me on the basis of my research.

In writing this text I did not use other sources or automatic text generation systems.

Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz

In recent years, large-scale green investment projects have been launched in some countries, which are being carried out as part of the green transformation of the economy to build a sustainable, green, zero-carbon zero-growth and closed-loop economy. The essence of the ongoing large-scale implementation of the aforementioned processes in some regions of the world is to carry out a pro-environmental and pro-climate transformation of the classic growth, brown, linear economy of excess into a sustainable, green, zero-carbon zero-growth and closed-loop economy. One of the economic regions of the world where these issues have been prioritized, ambitious plans have been set out to smoothly carry out the green transformation of the economy is the European Union. One of the many components of the green transformation of the economy is the large-scale creation and implementation of new green technologies and eco-innovations. Well, in recent years, many new green technologies and eco-innovations are being created in the framework of clean emission-free energy, biodegradable materials, electromobility, cleaning up the polluted environment, increasing the scale of recycling, economical use of natural resources, conservation of clean water resources, restoration of green areas in cities, reforestation of wasteland and civilization-degraded areas, and so on. If such processes of efficiently carried out green transformation of the economy are carried out on a large scale in all countries of the world, there is still a chance to significantly slow down the progressive process of global warming and save the net from the projected global climate catastrophe. Therefore, the chance to save at least in part the remaining biosphere of the planet, to save the biodiversity of the natural ecosystems of the planet, i.e. the greatest value of the planet Earth that has been created by the many millions of years of evolution of life on the planet, increases. The issue of conservation, protecting the planet's biosphere and saving the remaining biodiversity and its restoration through the use of new green technologies and eco-innovations man can at least partially repair what he destroyed in the past. Man should protect the biosphere and climate, should restore the biodiversity of natural ecosystems with a view to the future of future generations of people, the future of the planet, the achievements of the evolution of life on planet Earth, and so on. If man in his nature is friendly towards the biosphere and not selfish towards the planet, the only planet he has, then he probably wants to save the climate, biosphere and biodiversity from total degradation. Accordingly, in recent years there has been a growing demand for the creation and implementation of new green technologies and eco-innovations. New research and implementation centers and new research projects are being established to develop new technological solutions so that the process of green transformation can be carried out more efficiently and quickly. And time is of the essence, as the process of global warming continues to accelerate and there is little time left to reach a critically high state of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Besides, thanks to the developing cooperation between scientists and researchers studying this issue, working in different parts of the world, the chances of realizing the plan to save the climate, biosphere and biodiversity from total degradation are becoming greater.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

And what is your opinion on this topic?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite everyone to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Warm regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

The above text is entirely my own work written by me based on my research.

Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz

The venomous Australian bird spider lives in cities in Australia and is also dangerous to humans. The venom of the Australian bird spider kills a variety of insects that feed in grasslands and agricultural fields but apart from bees. Therefore, research work is underway to create a natural, organic insecticide based on the venom of the Australian bird spider, which could be used in agricultural fields instead of chemical pesticides, which poison the environment and also kill bees. This is an excellent example of how, in an evolutionary process lasting millions of years, nature has created unique organic compounds that can solve many problems for the development of human civilisation. There are undoubtedly many species of flora, fauna, fungi and micro-organisms that are not yet fully known, which could be used in medicine and pharmacy based on natural organic compounds, in the development of herbal medicine, in the development of sustainable organic farming that does not use chemical pesticides and fertilisers, in the protection of trees in forests against pests as part of sustainable forest management, in the restoration of natural ecosystems in areas degraded by civilisation, in counteracting the progressive sterilisation of soils, etc. Such scientific discoveries, which could and probably will be realised in the future, will also be particularly helpful in the modern ecological and intelligent shaping of restored natural highly biodiverse ecosystems. Such scientific discoveries, which could and probably still will be realised in the future, will also be particularly helpful in the modern, ecological and intelligent shaping of restored natural, highly biodiverse ecosystems, restored and rehabilitated, functioning in various geo-climatic environments, geological zones, climatic zones, etc., and carried out in accordance with the principles of sustainability, the achievement of sustainable development goals and the use of the achievements of modern sustainable biotechnology and genetics. Of course, the fields of application beyond sustainable organic agriculture of not yet fully discovered, studied and described unique natural ecosystems and species of flora, fauna and fungi, the unique organic compounds produced by individual species of the biosphere, their medicinal and other properties are numerous. Above all, in the field of herbal medicine and natural medicine, there are many possibilities for the applications of not yet fully discovered, studied and described unique natural ecosystems and species of flora, fauna and fungi for the treatment of various diseases, including many diseases currently considered incurable. Probably many such opportunities to learn about not yet fully discovered, researched and described unique natural ecosystems and species of flora, fauna and fungi, to learn about the unique organic compounds produced by individual species of the biosphere, their healing and other properties have already been irretrievably lost due to the human-induced extinction of many species of flora and fauna, i.e. the ongoing and human-induced 6th great extinction of many species of life forms in the context of the more than 3 billion years of development of life on planet Earth. It is therefore essential to increase the scale of nature conservation and bio-diversity of the planet's natural ecosystems and to stop the deforestation of forests.

In view of the above, I address the following question to the esteemed community of scientists and researchers:

What is your opinion on this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

The above text is entirely my own work written by me based on my research.

In writing this text I did not use other sources or automatic text generation systems such as ChatGPT.

Copyright by Dariusz Prokopowicz

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

In some countries, especially poorer developing countries in recent years, the scale of the problem of illegal toxic waste dumps, which greatly contribute to environmental pollution, threaten the biosphere and the health of people, local residents, has grown. The problem is caused, among other things, by the low scale of waste segregation and recycling and the illegal import of toxic waste from other countries. This illegal practice has become one of the most profitable illegal businesses run by organized crime groups. Some of the illegal toxic waste dumps become fires after some time, in whose combustion processes toxic, carcinogenic, carcinogenic chemical compounds that are harmful to human health are formed and enter the atmosphere, soil and water. In addition, some illegally created toxic waste dumps, before they become a source of dangerous fires for the environment and human health, can also be a source of pollution of the surrounding groundwater, subsoil and surface water, if the landfill was created without adequate protection of the land on which it was created. This problem also affects the country in which I operate. I am very much asking for your recommendations, advice, recommendations on how to solve this problem. I ask for publications that describe the results of research on this issue and recommendations for solving this serious problem. What are the practical and effective solutions to this problem used in various countries? What technologies should be used to dispose of illegally stored toxic chemicals? What changes in national legal norms should be applied to effectively reduce to a large extent the scale of the aforementioned practice of creating more illegal toxic waste dumps? How should environmental and waste management policies be improved? How to increase the scale of waste sorting and recycling? How to increase the scale of development of sharing economy? How to solve the problem of illegal toxic waste dumps, which greatly contribute to environmental pollution, threaten the biosphere and the health of people, local residents? How to solve the problem of illegal toxic waste dumps?

And what is your opinion on this topic?

And what is your opinion about it?

What is your opinion on this issue?

Please answer,

I invite you all to join the discussion,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

More than Marvel films, insane influencers, and stupid politicians, the world is in desperate need of insect vector control using and applying sound ecological information !!! Along with John Beier, we have just launched the Special Issue above:

Acta Tropica is one the best journals in the field (IF: 3.22) !!!

Please send your best shot. I do not promise acceptance but fast, equilibrated and friendly handling (and a beer if we coincide somewhere) !!!

The submission gate will be closed by Sept 10th so spread the word...

In order to slow down the progressive process of global warming, it is necessary to increase the efficiency and accelerate the implementation of the green transformation of the economy in order to create a sustainable, zero-emission, green circular economy as quickly as possible. In the process of efficiently implementing the green economy transition, there are several essential components, which include the green energy transition based on the development of renewable and zero-emission energy sources, the development of electro-mobility, the development of sustainable organic agriculture, sustainable energy-efficient construction, low-carbon mining and industry, etc. The development of agricultural cooperatives that run sustainable business ventures supporting farm management, the development of composting facilities, the improvement of the post-agricultural waste separation system and increasing recycling, the development of small-scale renewable and zero-emission energy power plants supplying energy to farms, and the development of biogas plants are important factors in the development of sustainable, zero-emission organic agriculture that also realises the objectives of sustainable development and the principles of a sharing economy and a closed loop economy. Biogas plants, including microbial energy plants that generate energy from biogas that can be produced from livestock manure, can play an important role in bringing about a green transformation of agriculture to create sustainable, emission-free, climate- and environment-friendly organic agriculture, including both sustainable, emission-free agriculture based on crop production and emission-free livestock farming. Biogas plants can be set up and built primarily by farmers' cooperatives and microbial gas plants can be built within individual farms. In this way, farms can be self-sufficient in energy. In addition, a positive pro-climate effect results from the combustion of methane, which is particularly strong in terms of generating the greenhouse effect, because even if the CO2 produced by combustion is not bound into certain rock materials and is released into the atmosphere, the greenhouse effect will be much weaker compared to methane. However, a much better pro-climate solution would be not to emit CO2 into the atmosphere, but to bind it to a specific rock form or to inject it deep into the earth's crust in rock layers that will absorb and chemically bind the gas. In view of the above, biogas plants can play an important role in the development of sustainable, emission-free organic agriculture. However, fully climate-friendly biogas plants will be those that do not generate other greenhouse gases when burning methane. Biogas plants can also produce bioethanol, the combustion of which can be a source of energy and has low emissions.

In view of the above, I would like to address the following question to the scientific and research community:

What do you think about this topic?

What is your opinion on this subject?

Please respond,

I invite you all to discuss,

Thank you very much,

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz