Electrodes - Science topic

What command do I need to use to plot the L-V plot for an LED in Silvaco TCAD. I am able to plot Luminescent Power(W/um) vs Anode Voltage, or is there any relation that i can use to convert the luminescent power(Watts/um) to Luminance(cd/m2).

Hi researchers. I have deposited a polymer, PANI on Glassy carbon electrode by electrodeposition method. CV results of It showing only the oxidation peak taken in 100mM ferri+ferro solution in 0.1M KCl solution. Why is it so. how can I resolve it?

When I refined my XRD data by using GSAS software, the GOF value always came out at more than 4. My material is an O3-type layered transition metal oxide cathode material.

Hello,

My lab recently acquired a combination ORP electrode, with the refrence being Ag/AgCl and the working electrode being platinum.

We are hoping to use this electrode to measure the reduction potential of buffers prepared using biologically active compounds, such as GSH and GSSG and probe redox active systems by artificially setting the potential.

Recently, I was trying to validate the electrode by preparing 1 mM total concentration solutions of varying ratios of GSH and GSSG. This was done as, to my understanding regardless of concentration the ratio of Ox vs Red determines the potential value of the solution via the Nernst Equation. However the readings I got were all positive, and nowhere close to the expected potential, even when correcting for the electrode difference between Ag/AgCl and SHE.

Secondly, in 1x PBS pH 7.4, I added increasing amounts of BME up to 1 M and got an exponential decay like curve asymptotically approaching ~-120 (SHE) mV.

I am having trouble making sense of these results, namely the GSH vs GSSG ratio, and why the readings would not follow the nersnt equation.

Can anyone explain how to use these ORP electrodes, and where I may be going wrong in these experiments? All the information I can find online are referring to waste water treatment.

sometimes cyclic voltammetric study exhibits two anodic or cathodic peaks. what is the reason behind this? is any specific reason for this?

Hello. In our laboratory, we have a non-refillable electrode, but its KCl level has decreased, and now we want to add an electrolyte solution. However, there isn't any hole. Can we make a hole?

We are facing hurdles in achieving desired deposition rates while depositing cathode-based materials via thermal evaporation. Despite starting with a vacuum setup reaching up to 10^-7 torrs, initial deposition stages show promising rates. However, these rates decline significantly over time, seemingly linked to the depletion of lithium content. Even with the power input increased to 200 W, I still fell short of reaching the minimum desired deposition rate (>0.02 nm/sec). Although my power supply can go up to 2000 W, going beyond 200 W is problematic due to significant power fluctuations with these cathode materials.

Since electron beam deposition isn't feasible due to challenges in pellet formation without binders, I'm considering the possibility of incorporating dopants or flux agents to lower the melting point. This could potentially counteract the observed reduction in deposition rate.

I'm seeking advice on optimizing thermal evaporation parameters or exploring alternative methods to enhance deposition efficiency for cathode materials, considering the limitations and basic principles of material deposition processes

Your opinion and expertise answers on the above question is needed?

Since I received the new orders of this nichrome wire sold by Phymep but fabricated by A-M Systems, it is totally impossible for me (and for others) to build the twisted electrodes as usual without them breaking all the time... Lateron, I learned that the reason was a change in their fabrication, and in particular the coating. Thus, I cannot use this new wire at all but need the same as before to build my electrodes. Would you know another company fabricating it ?

I observed that activated carbon is employed as anode materials and manganese oxide as a cathode material for supercapacitor application using two-electrode system in KOH electrolyte. Please explain me regarding the criteria that determine the nature (anode or cathode) of the materials.

It is observed that MnO2 stores charge by means of potassium (+) ion while cobalt oxide store energy by hydroxide (-) ion while both materials are employed as cathodes in separate systems.

hello I'm having a problem with my cyclic voltammetry graphs using the autolab potentiostat. where I use a vitreo carbon working electrode and Ag/AgCl reference electrode and platinum contra electrode. the material deposited on the working electrode is Pt/C + Nafion. the graphics are having strange behavior like figures with different sweep speeds 100-50mV/s

please if anyone can help with this problem i would appreciate it

Please explain Why the charging time is more than discharging time in some cases of GCD measurements of electrode in 3-electrode system.

The file I attatched;schematic of perovskite solar cell, I'm wondering why the blue circled part(FTO) should be etched. Metal electrode structure looks like the second picture.

Is there a big difference between etched and not etched?

Thank you.

I want to design electrode shadow masks for photodetectors .The shadow mask can be made from uncontaminated materials.

We do not have lithography fabrication at my university, so i want to design a shadow mask as a template to fabricate an electrode for a photodetector.

The design is shown in the picture below .

The silver wire has been used as a reference in an organic electrolyte in many artcles. What is the standard electrode potential of the silver wire reference electrode and how to calibrate its standard potential.

Hello, I want to do EMSA with native PAGE to check protein-dna interactions.

The PIs of my proteins are between 8.1-8.5. I know that the pH of my buffer must be higher, so that the net charge is negative and the protein goes "downwards" to the anode. But do I have to adjust the pH (e.g. let's say 9.5) of everything? So separating gel, running buffer and loading dye? Or is the gel enough? I cannot find anything about running buffer and loading dye.

I my group we only did discontinous native gels so far, but in all recipes the pH of the stacking gel is around 6.8. Then my protein would run out of the gel, wouldn't it? Can I also change the pH of the stacking gel without changing the purpose of the stacking gel? I also found continuous native gels on the internet. Does that really work without getting a big smear?

I have a plan to experimental setup for electrocatalytic overall water splitting reaction with temperature control system for studying how much potential required to electrocatalytic water splitting into hydrogen and oxygen. Also, I am going to study the effect of temperature on electrocatalytic overall water splitting reaction.

Thermo Fisher

Hello everyone!

Glow discharge treatment of TEM carbon-coated grids is a commonly used routine.

Usually the grids are placed onto the cathode, and they are separated from the cathode by a glass slide and/or parafilm layer. Ion bombardment of the grids removes the contaminants and generates the free radicals, which increase the adhesion.

However, the most glow discharge manuals and application notes claim that the surface charge is NEGATIVE (unless we treat the surface with magnesium salt or use some other specific tricks). This is very confusing for me, because if the grids are placed on the cathode, it attracts the positively-charged ions, and they bring positive charge to the grids. At the same time, the grids are isolated from the cathode, and they can not get electrons to negate the positive charge of the ions.

Is it correct? If yes, then why do we say that placing the grids onto the cathode yields negative charge?

I want to interpret the data for the cathode catalyst analysis from the cyclic voltammetry curve therefore I want to know how to read the reduction potential for the oxygen reduction reaction. And also for ERHE (reversible hydrogen electrode) how to use the Nernst equation.

So, I am doing electrodeposition of Zn onto carbon fabric, which is my working electrode. As reference electrode, I used Ag7AgCl in 3M KCl, and as counter electrode, I used a Zn plate. After varying the current density, I see that the cathodic potential increases. Is it something to do with Gibbs energy? or the ease of overcoming the barrier to form Zn onto the cathode?

In an electrochemical cell with Na2SO4 as electrolyte, I ran a comsol simulation with secondary current distribution and transport of diluted species. The results showed that Sulphate ions (SO42-) are moving towards the cathode(-vely charged). On the cathode hydrogen peroxide is generating via 4 e- oxygen reduction reaction and at anode water splitting is happening.

Can anyone help me how to investigate this phenomena?

I am trying to prepare high loaded electrodes. Hence, Is it a good idea to coat multiple layers of slurry onto a copper foil to prepare a high loaded electrode? Also, what can be the possible drawbacks?

Thank you

Subject: Seeking Expert Advice on Suitable Electrolyte Solution and Voltage Parameters for Pure Aluminum Electropolishing Study

Dear Research Community,

I hope this message finds you well. I am a student facing a critical issue that could potentially jeopardize my future. I am reaching out to seek your assistance or recommendations for someone who can help me overcome this challenge.

Currently, our research project focuses on the electropolishing of pure aluminum. However, we have encountered a significant obstacle that has impeded our progress. Our samples vary in size, with the maximum dimension being 0.5 cm.

In our study, we initially prepared the samples through sanding and subsequent polishing with powder. We have now reached the stage where we are ready to initiate the electropolishing process.

For the electrolyte solution, we have utilized a mixture of acids, including nitric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, and ethanol. Initially, we created an electrolyte solution consisting of 25% nitric acid and 75% ethanol. The process was conducted at room temperature without employing a heater to raise the temperature. However, despite experimenting with voltage values ranging from 0 to 10 V, we have been unable to achieve desirable results. Instead, we observed the formation of H.

In a subsequent experiment, we modified the electrolyte solution by using 70% phosphoric acid, 15% acetic acid, and 5% nitric acid at room temperature. We increased the voltage to 20 V, resulting in a current density of 30. The electropolishing process was carried out for durations ranging from 30 seconds to 1 minute. Unfortunately, we encountered the same issue of excessive H production, leading to a completely white surface on our samples. We were unable to progress to the final stage of the process.

Additionally, we attempted to use the same electrolyte solution at 30 V for 10 seconds, but satisfactory outcomes were not achieved.

Given the aforementioned circumstances, I kindly request your professional advice regarding the appropriate electrolyte solution and voltage parameters for my future experiments.

Thank you in advance for your prompt response.

Yours sincerely,

Alireza Saravani

Cyclic Voltramettry

Wire explosion

Electrode well with respect to electronics and electrochemistry, electrophysiology.

Can we able to Ni-foam use as a anode substrate for Li ion Battery?

I have seen in many journals that sample-coated Nickel foam has been used as the working electrode for electrocatalytic OER studies. But Ni foam themselves are also known to show OER activity. So how much reliable would it be to use Ni foam as a substrate in this case?

Hi everyone,

I am trying to immobilize a thiol-modified and electroactive indicator tethered probe onto the glassy carbon electrode surface. Therefore, I have prepared a 3 mM gold chloride solution (from tetrachloroauric(III) acid trihydrate 99%) in 0.1 M NaNO3. However, when I deposited gold nanoparticles onto the electrode surface of more than one electrode by utilizing electrochemical deposition with cyclic voltammetry, I observed a dramatic current decrease and even no current in square-wave voltammetry (from 50 μA to almost none). There is no problem with the thiol-modified probe since I tested it in a bare gold electrode.

Therefore, I am suspecting from gold chloride solution reusability. Do I have to prepare a gold chloride solution for each electrode, freshly? Do you know the reusability of a 3 mM gold chloride solution? Could it be because of the electrolyte (NaNO3) used in the study?

Thank you all for your answers in advance.

How do we calculate the surface coverage area of the electrode using electrochemical study?

all variables were obtained from the charge-discharge test in three electrode system.

1. The DNA probe was modified with thiol at the 5 ' end and MB at the 3 ' end. And the sequence of DNA is 5′-MB−ACCCCGCAGGCGATTTAGGCGATTCGGGGTACCAGA-MB-3′

2. The gold electrode was polished with alumina powder, ultrasonically cleaned with ethanol and deionized water, and scanned in 0.1 M sulfuric acid ( 0.2-1.6 V ).

3. The thiolated DNA was reduced by TCEP, and then dropped on a clean gold electrode and placed overnight at 4 degrees Celsius.

4. The modified electrode was placed in PBS solution to test DPV, but there was no redox peak near 0.3V. What is the matter ? Can anyone guide me ? Thank you very much.

Hello,

I am currently working on a cyclic voltammetry test for ferrocene in acetonitrile I would like to ask you about some details, please:

-which work and counter electrode do you use?

-What cell do you use for measurement?

-How is the measurement process done?

-What potential range do you use?

-wich scanrat (v/s) ?

-How many repetitions are required?

Sorry for the large amount of questions, but the results I get are not completely satisfactory،I use a platinum wire as a reference electrode, platinum electrode as work electrode and glass carbon as counter electrode in acetonitrile,1mM Ferrocen and 100 mM TBAP as conductive salt.

An ordinary beaker from the laboratory was used as a cell.

I greatly appreciate your response and I would be grateful if I could get answers from you.

Hello,

I haven't had the chance to examine an LPR (Linear Polarization Resistance) device closely, and I'm having trouble visualizing what a three-electrode linear polarization resistance tester used in industry would look like. While I understand the principles of the device, I'm particularly curious about its electrodes. How is the reference electrode configured in this device?

Could you please guide me if possible?

I am using Ag/AgCl electrode for alkaline seawater splitting. As 1M KOH is not suitable for Ag/AgCl nbecause high alkaline condition electrode potential is Ag2O. I am using 0.5M KOH. For extra care we rinsed the electrode with 3M KCl solution before each measurement. We have Hg/HgO electrode but I found that Hg is sensitive to chloride anion. We know that salt concentration is high for sea water condition. Will it be accurate or minimum error in electrode potential in this condition (seawater+0.5M KOH)?

Why is one GCE showing three peaks while other giving two peaks in cyclic voltammogram under same conditions and parameters? Is it related to electrode cleaning?

Please explain the proper modification method of the electrode on paper using the screen printing technique. Another question is: when we properly modify the electrodes (RE, CE, & WE) on paper or any other substrate, then how do we use electrolytic solution on that chip? Because, we need an electrolytic solution to analyse the analyte.

..

I prepare several material for electrocatalyst appliction for HER then I test them on potientiostat to measure the overpotiential, when i use the glassy carbon electrode the overpotiential recorded was very high so i try again but with using nickle working electrode the overpotential recorded became much lower than the first case, so what is the reason and is it right to sumbit the second case or the first one?

I am running polarization tests to get tale plots of 304L SS and CP-Ti, and getting noisy anodic curves. the cathodic curve is fine, but the anodic curve has a good amount of noise in it. Why would just one of the curves have noise but not the other? I using HCl with a ph of 3 diluted in distilled water as the electrolyte.

Attached is a picture.

Could someone assist me, please? I'm seeking guidance on how to determine the pH value from a CV curve and convert Potential vs Ag/AgCl/KCl to pH measurements for a standard buffer solution using Optentiomentric analysis based on the CV results. Additionally, I would appreciate advice on how to ascertain pH sensing for an unknown solution utilizing a 3-electrode system (with the working electrode being GCE/Active material, reference electrode as Ag.AgCl/KCl, and counter electrode as Pt foil). Suggestions and answers supported by references would be greatly appreciated.

I applied cuprous oxide onto a Titanium plate and subjected it to sulfur treatment, employing Ammonium sulfide vapor. This process was undertaken to create a supercapacitor, which involved the use of a gel electrolyte. What is the procedure for calculating the Active mass of the electrode material?

Hello,

In numerous research papers, they mention N/P ratios, measured in mA/cm2 units. I am curious about the specific area considered in a coin cell. When envisioning the cathode as a cylinder, do you include the entire surface area, or only the cross-sectional area (a circle)? For instance, if we have an NMC cell with a Li Anode, how would we calculate the N/P ratio? Also, what essential information can be derived from this value?

Thank you in advance.

Iam doing electrodeposition on carbon cloth of area 1x1 cm² and 5x5 cm² with same volume of electrolyte and electrochemical cell(all parameters are same for both) .When doing CV of electrodeposited carbon cloths 5x5 cm² is not showing cathodic peak but 1x1 cm² is showing cathodic peak (Anodic peaks are shown by both).

I have good rate performance in the supercapacitor electrode in a three-electrode system, however, the device shows low rate performance. what could be th possible reasons for low rate performance in supercapacitor device?

Is it normal, please if someone did it guide me, or give me a link

I am working on new electrocatalysts for HER and OER so I need to determine their Overpotiential, so can I cast them on nickel working electrode intead of glassy carbon working electrode?

How can I convert the potential of reference electrode Hg/Hg₂Cl₂ to NHE? The electrolyte is 0.5 M Na₂SO₄ and the pH is 7 and the flat band was obtained from M-S plot. Is it same as Ag/AgCl ?

Usually equation used for Ag/AgCl is E_NHE​=E_Ag/AgCl​ + 0.197 + 0.059pH then what is it for Hg/Hg₂Cl₂

I am using silver nanowires -778095 from sigma Aldrich, as top electrode in semi transparent OPV for agrivoltaic application.

the solution as recieved is very diluted and can not get the conductive layer after one cycle in case of spin coating and one deposion in case of slot die coating, please let me how can we increase the concentration to get the conductivity? is there any other way to play with to achieve conductive layer.

thanks

Dear All,

I have been trying to use BioLogic Electrochemical Equipment to investigate my gravimetric capacity. I am aware that the capacity would be divided by the mass of the active working electrode. But I am wondering which of the parameters is actually my Q from the attached image below? Any suggestion is welcome.

which reference electrode can be used to study corrosion of the metal in Li-based battery electrolyte?

As LiPF6 can produce HF which can dissolve the glass, or if you use Ag/AgCl reference electrode then the leaking of the KCl solution can contaminate the electrolyte.

Any suggestion on a suitable reference electrode which can be used with LiPF6 in EMC:DMC solution?

I have a PBS solution with pH= 7.40. The solution consists of Sodium chloride, monosodiumdihydrogen phosphate, and disodiumhydrogen phosphate. I want to determine both monosodiumdihydrogenphosphate and disodiumhydrogen phosphate potentiometrically using a pH electrode. Is that possible?

I made two electrode devices for the supercapacitor. I combined activated carbon and PVDF for negative electrodes in an 80:10:10 ratio. I combined active working material, PVDF, and activated carbon for the positive electrode in an 80:10:10 ratio. We used nickel foam as the substrate for both electrodes. We received the device's CV but need help getting the capacitance value using GCD. We obtained a low capacitance value compared to the working material in a three-electrode system. In a three-electrode system, we obtained 1350 F/g specific capacitance, whereas in a two-electrode system, we received just 25 f/g specific capacitance.

For the device, we used N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) to create a slurry solution of both negative and positive electrode materials. After the material has been deposited over the nickel foam, we heat it for 12 hours at 80 degrees Celsius. I've included an image of our devices; what should I do to figure out the capacitance value?

Dear All

I need help in troubleshooting mossy fiber recordings. All my PhD and Post-doc experience so far was in SC-CA1 recordings (Both field and whole-cell recordings). For a new project, I am trying to record mossy fiber-evoked responses in CA3 cells with a low current stimulus strength (20-60uA). However, I am seeing a lot of polysynaptic activity in the recordings. I initially started the stimulation with a cluster bipolar electrode (which I frequently use for SC-CA1 recordings). However, most of the mossy fiber recording papers used a glass electrode for stimulation. So, I realized I might be stimulating a large set of fibers and hence changed the stimulating electrode to a monopolar glass electrode filled with recording aCSF (3-5MOhms, same pipettes used for CA3 recordings as well). But I still see a lot of polysynaptic activity and spontaneous activity.

Cutting and incubation in half sucrose and half NaCl-based solution. The hippocampal slices were cut at 10 degrees magic-cut whole hemispheres, both based on protocols from Peter Jonas's lab.

Recordings were obtained in a regular aCSF with 100uM PTX (No NMDAR blocker as I am clamping at -70mV). I do not have a fixed place for stimulating electrode position, I keep varying it from the inner DG to Hilus to proximity to the recording electrode. All positions gave me similar results.

I do start evoking within 3 minutes of breaking in. Should I wait for a longer period like 10 minutes?

I appreciate it if anyone could help me to get rid of the polysynaptic activity in these recordings.

I want to perform GCD for symmetric as well as asymmetric supercapacitor devices. In that regard, can anyone suggest specific current (consideration of the mass of one or the sum of two electrode active materials) and specific capacitance formulas?

Thanks in advance

Dear scientific community

Do you know how to make the metal electrodes radioactive

I noticed that many researchers compared electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions with the activity of 20%Pt/C and RuO2, respectively. Could you please tell me how to prepare those electrodes or recommend a suitable supplier for purchase? When I visited the Sigma Aldrich website, they only had 10% Pt/C electrodes. I would greatly appreciate it if you could respond or offer advice in this regard.

Thank you

For supercapacitor electrodes obtained from for example graphite powder, what kind of material is used to bond / combine the powders?

I have problem of making Tungsten ultramicroelectrode(UME).

I tried several method followed by literature refereces, but still have same problem in CV.

The reason for the artifact spike is due to unstable OCV.

I have no idea how to solve this. Is there anyone who get through this kind of problem?

working electrode is tungsten wire UME, reference is SHE, and counter electrode is Pt.

Hello everyone,

I recently encountered a noise problem in my patch clamp experiments. I happened to observe a small current and a noise when the electrode holder was in the open circuit. The observed current was 20 pA in the open circuit and 8 pA when the reference electrode was immersed in bath. The observed noise was at 50 Hz in both instances. (Image 1: open circuit without bath) (Image 4; when both the reference and recording electrodes are immersed in bath)

All the devices are grounded in a common earth/ground line, in which all the equipment and cage around the system are grounded to the grounding bus, which is then connected to the Axopatch 200B signal ground.

My RMS (pA) values are around 9 during the membrane test, and they are between 2-6 pA during the episodic scope run. (Image 2: Episodic scope)

I use a microperfusion system without a vacuum suction unit to aspirate the perfusion out of the bath. And I use the help of gravitation to make the solutions flow.

I’ve tried grounding the microscope to the rear gold connector of the head stage, but unfortunately, it wasn’t helpful.

I checked to locate the source of noise by turning it off and unplugging them one by one, but the RMS value remained around 9 all the time. I’ve covered the light source on the roof with copper mesh that’s used to make Faraday cages. I’ve attached two more images for your kind reference of noise when only the reference electrode is in the bath (Image 3; Reference electrode only in bath) and when both the reference and recording electrodes are in the bath (Image 4; when both Reference and recording electrodes are immersed in bath)

.

I’m currently focused on endogenous currents of ligand-gated and voltage-gated ion channels using a whole-cell voltage clamp configuration.

Please help me figure out the problem, and I’m grateful for your kind responses.

Thank you very much.

Nirujan

Why metal ions with high half potential can't be detected on a bare electrode even though corrosion doesn't happen and I'm using the suitable carbon working electrode and Ag/AgCl for the reference electrode and the right setting and range?

If the mass of ny electrode is 3 mg and the surface area is 1 cm2, can i say my electrode's active mass is 0.003 g/cm2?

1. I want to understand clearly. In calculating the capacity of a battery anode electrode, Is it the same as calculating the capacitance of a supercapacitor?

2. what is the difference?

3. How can I calculate the capacity of a battery electrode?

in battery

I want to evaluate the cathode's capacity as soon as possible. In the beginning, can I test the half-cell using a 1C rate?

Then, If the capacity is acceptable, I use the standard charge-discharge protocol.

I need to evaluate the corrosion performance of a metal in the LiFP6 electrolyte (for battery application) but I do not know what are the reference and counter electrodes that are suitable for this purpose.

The copper oxide is porous for supercapacitor application. In most papers, the potential is between 0-0.7v vs. Ag/AgCl reference electrode.

I am going to determine the potential and faradic efficiency of the overall electrocatalytic water splitting. That's why I need to set up water splitting system.

What actually the reason of change of anode material, why due to charging anode material act again as electron reservoir so that Li ion or Na ion can take it. It would be helpful if I got the answer of this reversible behaviour during charging and discharging.

while I use active materials, binders, solvents. On the other hand, before adding the active materials slurry on the cathode I also used micro pipette here . so actual amounts of active materials how can I find out.

I am trying to measure Charge/Discharge curves of anode free lithium-metal battery and trying to fix both areal capacity and current density in Landbattery software. For example, areal capacity ~ 0.785 mAh and current density ~ 1 mA/cm2 should be fixed, we can calculate current ~ 1.77 mA by dividing with 0.785 mAh, we can get time in "h" which is 2.25h. Now, should I give a current 1.77 mA as shown in Fig with a time of 2.25 h and then how to fix the voltage? I am really confuse for a measurement setup, I will be very thankful if you can help me in this regard. Thanks

I dipp the electrode in 3M KCl solution but it's still so milky.please give me some suggestions to clean it.

Hey All,

I am using glassy carbon electrode in my experiment using Na2SO4 2.0 PH buffer as an electrolyte.

When i was doing the experiment, the overloading get started in my potentiostat due to which the bubbling of the electrode get started. I remove the electrodes washed it out but again the overloading started. After this when i used this electrode for th experiment after 1 day it was not giving any peak for CV . I think that the electrode surface has got destroyed.

Do you think the same?

If yes, then hoe can i recover its surface?

The peak current densitiy of HiPIMS is usually 0.5~2.0 A/cm², nearly equal to that of the cathodic arc evaporation. The duty of the HiPIMS is always less than 10%. However, the deposition rate of the HiPIMS films is close to ARC film, several μm per hour, they didn't show a more than tenfold of difference. Why?