Extracts - Science topic

I wanted to know the value of total flavonoid content in mgQE/gm. Total volume I kept in well plate is 200 µl in which extract was 20 µl. Anyone please help me with this problem

for context, they are methanol/water extracts that were concentrated in a rotavapor and then freeze-dried.

thank U.

So, I want to extract bone marrow from mice for an experiment, but I don't need all tens of millions of cells that I would get. So I was thinking that I could freeze down the left over cells for future use. I would want to eventually culture the cells into eosinophils with SCF/Flt-3 and IL-5 media. But I've never frozen down freshly extracted bone marrow (or anything, actually) and neither has anyone in my lab. What would be the best procedure for this?

Which database should I use to extract phenotype data related to protein and yield traits and genotype data consisting of SNP markers from the selected sources?

Hi All,

I use AMOS. Firstly, my study has the AVE values are less than 0.5 for 3 constructs but this issue can be solved using justification from Fornell & Larcker, 1981 then I carried on with the analysis but now I have issues discriminant validity where the MSV values are higher than the AVE values for 3 out of 6 constructs. What should I do about it? Pls see the table attached. Any insight is appreciated.

During GC-MS analysis of green tea extract (Camellia sinensis var. assamica).there are multiple compounds detected per peak So which one will be the compound corresponding to the peak.Are all the compounds are said to be present in the single peak (whichever is detected).do i need to add all the compound names for each peak ?

Please can you answer my question I have an extract that I dried and made different concentrations to calculate the percentage of phenolic compounds using Gallic acid as a standard using the Folin reagent method. After I took all the readings and represented them graphically I have calculated x value and it was 27.834 microgram by this equation y = 0.0175x + 0.0029 R² = 0.9994, where y is the absorbance of my sample which was 0.49 . now I want a way to convert x value into mg/ml and then calculate the amount of phenolic content present in the extract, knowing that the weight of the extract is 15.748 grams. If possible, a clear method for all calculations... Many thanks in advance

simply asking about the isolation of the pure compounds of fungal cultural filtrate as like the distillation of the essential oils..

I possess data on JV, current, voltage, and current density obtained from a simple diode (metal-semiconductor). Currently, I aim to plot the Richardson curve and Arrhenius plot to determine the Schottky barrier height (SBH). However, I am encountering a challenge as the plotted curve exhibits a negative slope, deviating from the typical trend. Additionally, I am uncertain about the appropriate values of Js or Io to employ, as well as the extraction method, despite my prior research efforts. Could someone provide a step-by-step guide, preferably utilizing Origin software, to extract the SBH and ideality factor from the Richardson or Arrhenius plot? I have attached the dataset for reference. Your assistance would be greatly appreciated, and I would be grateful for a sample data or worksheet demonstrating the procedure

Hi,

I've attempted to dissolve a plant extract in water, but it's not dissolve in water. I dissolved the extract in ethanol and then diluted it with water, but this time the dissolved extract precipitate. Could you suggest a method to prevent the extract from precipitating or to successfully dissolve it in water?

Normally, after extracting a plant with solvents such as ethanol, methanol, and water, the solvent is removed, and the extracts are pulverized. A stock solution is then prepared from the powdered extracts and used in bioactivity studies. Is using the extraction liquid directly in bioactivity studies right without performing this entire procedure? If it can be used directly, how can I calculate how much extract is in this liquid?

I am currently trying to do chromosome counts on algal cells. However, I don't have the reagents necessary to extract full protoplasts. But I can make small holes which can allow the DAPI stain to get through. Is there a methodology to do chromosome counts with the cell wall still intact?

I am trying to purify protein extracts but polyphenols are covalently bound with proteins during roasting. Is there any method to remove covalently-bound polyphenols and purify proteins? Thank you!

Hi everyone, I'm trying to extract fungal DNA from wheat common bunt using chelex100 and I've tried several different protocols without any success. I've used different concentrations of chelex100 (5%, 10%, 20%) with different ways of heating (heat block, water bath, boiling water) and different timings (2x 15 mins, 1x 30 mins plus 1x 15 mins, 2x 20 mins). Only 2 things were fixed in all my tries, 1st thing is that I dissolved chelex100 in double distilled injection water and 2nd thing is that I centrifuged the complex at 13000 rpm for 1 min every time it needed centrifugation. I'm not sure what am doing wrong, Like should I try dissolving chelex100 in any specific buffer or something? or should I change my centrifugation speed and time? or do I need to add anything to the complex in different steps?

I'd appreciate if you take the time and kindly answer my question.

It was extracted from a sediment sample in the subtidal zone

I will try to dry a 50% ethanol solution to obtain my dry extract. When I tried to have a 3rd party remove the solvent from my 20mL sample using purely the rotavap, they told me there was difficulty in drying it so I was thinking of only removing the ethanol such that I can safely lyophilize it. I was thinking of concentrating the sample to around 10% of its initial volume such that even if there's still some ethanol in it, I can simply dilute the extract with water to avoid any problems in the freeze dryer.

Hi,

I am currently looking for a reliable method to extract miRNA from cell and serum samples.

I have read some papers stating TRIzol is suitable for both samples, but the result highly depends on the user's skills, and using a column-based method is more reliable and consistent.

I also saw some pretty positive reviews on Qiagen miRNeasy serum/plasma kit, and miRNeasy kit for tissue/cells.

I also want to know if the advanced version is better in terms of extraction efficiency, RNA quality, and RNA quantity.

P.S. I am new to RNA extraction, and not an experienced user.

Hoping for some suggestions from you guys.

Many thanks

I am a PhD student working in Exp. Condensed Matter Physics. I am working on some Hall Resistivity data. I have few question regarding the Anomalous Hall Effect.

1). How I will know that AHE is present in my Hall Data ?

2). If it is present, How I can extract it ?

I would be happy to if someone explain it for me.

I have 4 Bidens pilosa extracts prepared from fresh and air-dried plant material. they are annotated as fresh acetone, dry acetone, fresh water and dry water crude extracts. the acetone crude extracts were extracted by maceration in acetone for 48 hours (100g in 1L for dry plant and 500g in 1L for fresh plant), filtered and dried using cold air in fume hood, while the water extracts were boiled for an hour at 100degreesC in the water bath (100g in 1L for dry plant and 500g in 1L for fresh plant), filtered, frozen (-20) and freeze dried at -80degreesC.the mass of the crude extracts after freeze drying (water extracts) and fume hood evaporation (acetone) was 10.19g (fresh water), 14.04g (dry water), 13.73g (fresh acetone) and 2.24g (dry acetone) The percentage yield for each was: 2.75% (fresh acetone), 2.24% (dry acetone) and 2.04% (fresh water) and 14.04% (dry water). what could be the reason for having the highest percentage yield from dry water crude extract and slightly high yield from fresh acetone crude extract while the rest are low?

what could be the reason behind having the above varying plant extracts percentage yield? please help with explanations together with references I could use to reference my discussion. Thank you

I found a kit that they separated plasmid and genomic DNA form mammalian cell, but I want to extract both plasmid and genomic DNA manually.

I also want to use the extracted DNA for qPCR.

I want to understand how to configure and apply such a model to identify significant or popular locations in a geographic dataset.

I am having difficulty extracting DNA from ophiuroids. I am using GeneAll Exgene Cell SV kit and I have also tried Qiagen Blood and Tissue Kit but with little success. Both these kits work well for most other samples. I am using samples preserved in absolute ethanol kept at room temperature for a few weeks. I take a portion of the arm but after extraction there is no DNA extracted irrespective of the length or region of arm I use. Does anyone have any suggestions or do you think I maybe doing something wrong?

I have used 50 ml 1 mM silver nitrate solution and 5 ml extract and 30 microliters of base

Can we stop global climate change? Does human scientific power reach the world's climate change? How do researchers respond?

As you know, humans are very intelligent and can predict the future climate of the world with hydrology, climatology and paleontology. But don't countries, especially industrialized countries, that produce the most harmful gases in the earth's atmosphere and think about the future of the earth's atmosphere? Do they listen to the research of climatologists? What would have to happen to force them to listen to climate scientists?

Miloud Chakit added a reply

Climate change is an important and complex global challenge, and scientific theories about it are based on extensive research and evidence. The future path of the world depends on various factors including human actions, political decisions and international cooperation.

Efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change continue. While complete reversal may be challenging, important steps can be taken to slow progression and lessen its effects. This requires global cooperation, sustainable practices and the development and implementation of clean energy technologies.

Human scientific abilities play an important role, but dealing with climate change also requires social, economic and political changes. The goal is to limit global warming and its associated impacts, and collective action at the local, national, and international levels is essential for a more sustainable future.

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Osama Bahnas added a reply

It is impossible to stop global climate change. The human scientific power can not reach the world's climate change.

Borys Kapochkin added a reply

Mathematical models of increasing planetary temperature as a function of the argument - anthropogenic influence - are erroneous.

Alastair Bain McDonald added a reply

We could stop climate change but we won't! We have the scientific knowldge but not the political will. One could blame Russia and China from refusing to cooperate but half the population of the USA (Republicans) deny climate change is a problem and prefer their profligate life styles reply:

All climate change has been loaded on the CO2 responsible for the greenhouse effect. Therefore, there must be scientific experiments from several independent scientific institutes worldwide to find out what the greenhouse impact is on various CO2 concentrations. Then, there must be a conference from a reliable, professional organization with the participation of all independent scientific institutions to establish standards on CO2 concentrations and propose political actions accordingly.

The second action that can be done is to plant as many trees and plants as possible to breathe the CO2 and free the oxygen. Stop any deforestation and plant trees immediately in any bunt areas.

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Effect of Injecting Hydrogen Peroxide into Heavy Clay Loam Soil on Plant Water Status, NET CO2 Assimilation, Biomass, and Vascular Anatomy of Avocado Trees

In Chile, avocado (Persea americana Mill.) orchards are often located in poorly drained, low-oxygen soils, situation which limits fruit production and quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of injecting soil with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a source of molecular oxygen, on plant water status, net CO2 assimilation, biomass and anatomy of avocado trees set in clay loam soil with water content maintained at field capacity. Three-year-old ‘Hass’ avocado trees were planted outdoors in containers filled with heavy loam clay soil with moisture content sustained at field capacity. Plants were divided into two treatments, (a) H2O2 injected into the soil through subsurface drip irrigation and (b) soil with no H2O2 added (control). Stem and root vascular anatomical characteristics were determined for plants in each treatment in addition to physical soil characteristics, net CO2 assimilation (A), transpiration (T), stomatal conductance (gs), stem water potential (SWP), shoot and root biomass, water use efficiency (plant biomass per water applied [WUEb]). Injecting H2O2 into the soil significantly increased the biomass of the aerial portions of the plant and WUEb, but had no significant effect on measured A, T, gs, or SWP. Xylem vessel diameter and xylem/phloem ratio tended to be greater for trees in soil injected with H2O2 than for controls. The increased biomass of the aerial portions of plants in treated soil indicates that injecting H2O2 into heavy loam clay soils may be a useful management tool in poorly aerated soil.

Shade trees reduce building energy use and CO2 emissions from power plants

Urban shade trees offer significant benefits in reducing building air-conditioning demand and improving urban air quality by reducing smog. The savings associated with these benefits vary by climate region and can be up to $200 per tree. The cost of planting trees and maintaining them can vary from $10 to $500 per tree. Tree-planting programs can be designed to have lower costs so that they offer potential savings to communities that plant trees. Our calculations suggest that urban trees play a major role in sequestering CO2 and thereby delay global warming. We estimate that a tree planted in Los Angeles avoids the combustion of 18 kg of carbon annually, even though it sequesters only 4.5-11 kg (as it would if growing in a forest). In this sense, one shade tree in Los Angeles is equivalent to three to five forest trees. In a recent analysis for Baton Rouge, Sacramento, and Salt Lake City, we estimated that planting an average of four shade trees per house (each with a top view cross section of 50 m2) would lead to an annual reduction in carbon emissions from power plants of 16,000, 41,000, and 9000 t, respectively (the per-tree reduction in carbon emissions is about 10-11 kg per year). These reductions only account for the direct reduction in the net cooling- and heating-energy use of buildings. Once the impact of the community cooling is included, these savings are increased by at least 25%.

Can Moisture-Indicating Understory Plants Be Used to Predict Survivorship of Large Lodgepole Pine Trees During Severe Outbreaks of Mountain Pine Beetle?

Why do some mature lodgepole pines survive mountain pine beetle outbreaks while most are killed? Here we test the hypothesis that mature trees growing in sites with vascular plant indicators of high relative soil moisture are more likely to survive mountain pine beetle outbreaks than mature trees associated with indicators of lower relative soil moisture. Working in the Clearwater Valley of south central British Columbia, we inventoried understory plants growing near large-diameter and small-diameter survivors and nonsurvivors of a mountain pine beetle outbreak in the mid-2000s. When key understory species were ranked according to their accepted soil moisture indicator value, a significant positive correlation was found between survivorship in large-diameter pine and inferred relative high soil moisture status—a finding consistent with the well-documented importance of soil moisture in the mobilization of defense compounds in lodgepole pine. We suggest that indicators of soil moisture may be useful in predicting the survival of large pine trees in future pine beetle outbreaks. Study Implications: A recent outbreak of the mountain pine beetle resulted in unprecedented levels of lodgepole pine mortality across southern inland British Columbia. Here, we use moisture-dependent understory plants to show that large lodgepole pine trees growing in sites with high relative moisture are more likely than similar trees in drier sites to survive severe outbreaks of mountain pine beetle—a finding that may be related to a superior ability to mobilize chemical defense compounds compared with drought-stressed trees.

Can Functional Traits Explain Plant Coexistence? A Case Study with Tropical Lianas and Trees

Organisms are adapted to their environment through a suite of anatomical, morphological, and physiological traits. These functional traits are commonly thought to determine an organism’s tolerance to environmental conditions. However, the differences in functional traits among co-occurring species, and whether trait differences mediate competition and coexistence is still poorly understood. Here we review studies comparing functional traits in two co-occurring tropical woody plant guilds, lianas and trees, to understand whether competing plant guilds differ in functional traits and how these differences may help to explain tropical woody plant coexistence. We examined 36 separate studies that compared a total of 140 different functional traits of co-occurring lianas and trees. We conducted a meta-analysis for ten of these functional traits, those that were present in at least five studies. We found that the mean trait value between lianas and trees differed significantly in four of the ten functional traits. Lianas differed from trees mainly in functional traits related to a faster resource acquisition life history strategy. However, the lack of difference in the remaining six functional traits indicates that lianas are not restricted to the fast end of the plant life–history continuum. Differences in functional traits between lianas and trees suggest these plant guilds may coexist in tropical forests by specializing in different life–history strategies, but there is still a significant overlap in the life–history strategies between these two competing guilds.

The use of operator action event trees to improve plant-specific emergency operating procedures

Even with plant standardization and generic emergency procedure guidelines (EPGs), there are sufficient dissimilarities in nuclear power plants that implementation of the guidelines at each plant must be performed in a manner that ensures consideration of plant-specific design features and operating characteristics. The use of operator action event tress (OAETs) results in identification of key features unique to each plant and yields insights into accident prevention and mitigation that can be factored into plant-specific emergency procedures. Operator action event trees were developed as a logical extension of the event trees developed during probabilistic risk analyses. The dominant accident sequences developed from a plant-specific probabilistic risk assessment represent the utility's best understanding of the most likely combination of events that must occur to create a situation in which core cooling is threatened or significant releases occur. It is desirable that emergency operating procedures (EOPs) provide adequate guidance leading to appropriate operator actions for these sequences. The OAETs provide a structured approach for assuring that the EOPs address these situations.

Plant and Wood Area Index of Solitary Trees for Urban Contexts in Nordic Cities

Background: We present the plant area index (PAI) measurements taken for 63 deciduous broadleaved tree species and 1 deciduous conifer tree species suitable for urban areas in Nordic cities. The aim was to evaluate PAI and wood area index (WAI) of solitary-grown broadleaved tree species and cultivars of the same age in order to present a data resource of individual tree characteristics viewed in summer (PAI) and in winter (WAI). Methods: All trees were planted as individuals in 2001 at the Hørsholm Arboretum in Denmark. The field method included a Digital Plant Canopy Imager where each scan and contrast values were set to consistent values. Results: The results illustrate that solitary trees differ widely in their WAI and PAI and reflect the integrated effects of leaf material and the woody component of tree crowns. The indications also show highly significant (P < 0.001) differences between species and genotypes. The WAI had an overall mean of 0.91 (± 0.03), ranging from Tilia platyphyllos ‘Orebro’ with a WAI of 0.32 (± 0.04) to Carpinus betulus ‘Fastigiata’ with a WAI of 1.94 (± 0.09). The lowest mean PAI in the dataset was Fraxinus angustifolia ‘Raywood’ with a PAI of 1.93 (± 0.05), whereas Acer campestre ‘Kuglennar’ represents the cultivar with the largest PAI of 8.15 (± 0.14). Conclusions: Understanding how this variation in crown architectural structure changes over the year can be applied to climate responsive design and microclimate modeling where plant and wood area index of solitary-grown trees in urban contexts are of interest.

Do Exotic Trees Threaten Southern Arid Areas of Tunisia? A Case Study Indian Journal of Ecology (2020) 00(0): 000-000 Plant-plant interactions

an afforested steppe planted This study was conducted in with aims to compare the effects of exotic and native Stipa tenacissima trees (and , respectively) on the understory vegetation and soil properties. For each tree species, two sub-Acacia salicina Pinus halepensis habitats were distinguished: the canopied sub-habitat (under the tree crown) and the un-canopied sub-habitat (open grassland). Soil moisture was measured in both sub-habitats at 10 cm depth. In parallel to soil moisture, investigated the effect of tree species on soil fertility. Soil samples were collected from the upper 10 cm soil, excluding litter and stones. The nutrient status of soil (organic matter, total N, extractable P) was significantly higher under compared to and open areas. This tendency remained constant with the soil water A. salicina P. halepensis content which was significantly higher under trees compared to open sub-habitats. For water content, there were no significant differences between studied trees. Total plant cover, species richness and the density of perennial species were significantly higher under the exotic species compared to other sub-habitats. Among the two tree species, had the strongest positive effect on the understory Acacia salicina vegetation. It seems to be more useful as a restoration tool in arid areas and more suitable to create islands of resources and foster succession than the other investigated tree species.

Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 on Microbial Community Structure at the Plant-Soil Interface of Young Beech Trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) Grown at Two Sites with Contrasting Climatic Conditions

Soil microbial community responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations (eCO2) occur mainly indirectly via CO2-induced plant growth stimulation leading to quantitative as well as qualitative changes in rhizodeposition and plant litter. In order to gain insight into short-term, site-specific effects of eCO2 on the microbial community structure at the plant-soil interface, young beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) from two opposing mountainous slopes with contrasting climatic conditions were incubated under ambient (360 ppm) CO2 concentrations in a greenhouse. One week before harvest, half of the trees were incubated for 2 days under eCO2 (1,100 ppm) conditions. Shifts in the microbial community structure in the adhering soil as well as in the root rhizosphere complex (RRC) were investigated via TRFLP and 454 pyrosequencing based on 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Multivariate analysis of the community profiles showed clear changes of microbial community structure between plants grown under ambient and elevated CO2 mainly in RRC. Both TRFLP and 454 pyrosequencing showed a significant decrease in the microbial diversity and evenness as a response of CO2 enrichment. While Alphaproteobacteria dominated by Rhizobiales decreased at eCO2, Betaproteobacteria, mainly Burkholderiales, remained unaffected. In contrast, Gammaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria, predominated by Pseudomonadales and Myxococcales, respectively, increased at eCO2. Members of the order Actinomycetales increased, whereas within the phylum Acidobacteria subgroup Gp1 decreased, and the subgroups Gp4 and Gp6 increased under atmospheric CO2 enrichment. Moreover, Planctomycetes and Firmicutes, mainly members of Bacilli, increased under eCO2. Overall, the effect intensity of eCO2 on soil microbial communities was dependent on the distance to the roots. This effect was consistent for all trees under investigation; a site-specific effect of eCO2 in response to the origin of the trees was not observed.

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Michael Senteza added a reply

We have to separate science from business and politics in the first place , before we can adequately discuss the resolution of this global challenge .

The considerations to global warming can be logically broken down in the following

1. What are the factors that have affected the earths climate over the last million years ? 100,000 years , 10,000 years and 1,000 years .

2. Observations , the climatic changes , formations , and archaeological data to support the changes

3. The actualities of the earth dynamics , for example we know that approx 2/3 of the earth is water and we also know that of the 1/3 we have approximately 60% un inhabitable , and the 40% habitable has approximately 10% who contribute to the alleged pollution , where for example as of 2022 (https://www.whichcar.com.au/news/how-many-cars-are-there-in-the-world) The US had 290 Million cars compared to Africa (50+ Countries ) 26 Million cars the EU (33 + countries ) 413 million cars then Asia pacific with 543 Million cars ( with a population of close to 2 billion ) . We estimate that as of may there are 1.45 billion cars . this means that North America , Western Europe and Asia pacific combined have approx 1.3 billion cars , and yet close to 70% of vegetation cover and forest space is concentrated in africa , south america , northern europe and canada. we need to analyse this

4. We need to also analyse the actualities of the cause separating factors outside our reach , for example global worming as opposed to climate change . We know that climate change which has been geologically and scientifically observed to have been the reason things like Oil came into place , species became extinct and other formations created . We need to realise that a fair share of changes in climate (which some times may be confused with global worming ) have been due to changes in the earth's rotation , axis and orbit around the sun . These are factors that greatly affect the distribution of the sun's radiation on to the surface of the earth and the atmospheric impact , them make consideration of how much we produce , the dispersion rate , natural chemical balances and volumetric analysis of concentration , assimilation and alteration of elements .

5. The extent to which non scientific factors are contributing to attenuating strength of scientific argument . It is not uncommon to have politicians alter the rhetoric to serve their agenda , however it's even worse when the sponsors of the scientific research are intent on achieving specific goals and not facts .

In conclusion humans are intelligent enough to either end of mitigation the impact of global worming if it can be detached from capitalism and politics . Science can and will provide answers

Prepared CaFe12O19 hexaferrites using Azadirachta indica and Murraya koenigii extracts showed altered properties. SEM revealed spongy morphology, and VSM indicated higher saturation magnetization for Murraya koenigii-derived samples

#GreenSynthesis #Ferrites

I typically extract DNA from whole blood using a Qiagen kit link here: https://www.qiagen.com/ja-us/products/discovery-and-translational-research/dna-rna-purification/dna-purification/genomic-dna/qiaamp-dna-blood-kits/ (RBC lysis, cell lysis, then within 2 years, protein precipitation, DNA precipitation after adding isopropanol, wash with ethanol, rehydrate DNA). I want to extract DNA from PBMCs which have been frozen in aliquots of 5 million cells in media comprised of 90% FBS, 10% DMSO. I've tried this before by thawing the PBMCs and proceeding onto the cell lysis step in my normal DNA extraction protocol but have had no success. Can anyone offer tips on how to extract DNA from frozen PBMCs? Thank you in advance!

Hello, I'm having a bit of trouble doing the Western blot experiment.

Even though I load the same sample, the band appears inconsistently (in all the trials).

(I usually store the samples at -20°C and boil them at 95°C for 5 min before loading.)

This sample is harvested from bacteria-infected mammalian cells and I extracted only the mammalian cell protein by RIPA-buffer lysis method.

I wonder if anyone has an experience like this and how to solve this problem.

Thank you so much in advance!

To extract Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), we mustconvert satellite images from digital number to reflectance form? In other words, it is possible to extract NDVI directly from satellite images which are in Digital Number (DN) mood?

I have been conducting an alpha-amylase inhibitory activity assay using the DNSA (3,5-di-nitrosalicylic acid) method with Acarbose as the standard inhibitor. The absorbance values obtained for Acarbose exhibit the expected trend of decreasing absorbance with increasing concentrations, indicating inhibition of alpha-amylase activity. However, when testing sample extracts, the absorbance values show an unexpected trend of decreasing absorbance from low to high concentrations. we tried passing the extract through charcoal as well, yet the trend is not changing. could anyone please recommend modifications for the DNSA method or possibly a different working protocol to carry OUT the experiment. THANK YOU.

Initially, I conducted maceration with a 70% ethanol solvent for 3x24 hours to obtain the thick extract.

For the AgNP synthesis, the thick plant extract needs to be dissolved using deionized water as a solvent. However, upon dissolution, a significant amount of precipitate forms. I sonicated it for 20 minutes to aid dissolution, yet there was still precipitate present. Subsequently, I filtered it, resulting in a clear extract solution.

However, the resulting clear solution is unstable, even after storing it for only a day in the refrigerator, as precipitate forms again despite initially being a clear, filtered solution.

Are there any suggestions regarding storage or procedures for preparing the extract? Is it okay to filter the extract? Are there any suggestions regarding which filter paper to use?

*I do not use water as a solvent during maceration to ensure obtaining a thick extract so it will not be hard to determine the final extract concentration.

I would greatly appreciate any insights or advice on these questions. Thank you in advance for your help.

I want to know how can we extract essential oils from rose that can scale up industrial level?

Anthocyanin in lotus petal extract

Can someone guide me to an extraction method to extract polycyclic aromatic compounds, etc., from soil samples

Right now, I'm doing an experiment by using spiked sample with porcine DNA. I wanna know what is the LoD from the primer that I used. For sample, I used 10% spiked, 1% spiked, and 0.1% spiked.

After I extract the DNA, I checked the nanodrop and then dilluted the 10% sparked for standard curve and then these three samples as unknown and NTC. However, I wondered that is this acceptable? I've search like what kind of sample that could be used as a standard but nowhere to find it, everything is just seem to use their dilluted sample and then do the procedure.

I would like to know how I can prepare my sample of supercritical extract of green coffee beans if I want to analyze chlorogenic acid and I need to prepare the sample to analyze it by HPLC.

I would like it to be a quick method that does not require many separations, especially I would like to know how to remove the oil, waxes, etc. from the polar phase after a supercritical extraction with solvent (etOH)

According to Bradford assay, the concentrations are pretty low. Apparently I added way too much extraction buffer to my lysates. Is there a cheap and reliable way to concentrate my protein extracts?

We conducted SRB assay to survey the cytotoxicity of a herbal extract with the concentration from 0.5 to 18 mg/mL. However, the inhibition percent dramatically decrease at 15 mg/mL and 18 mg/mL while it still increased at concentrations being from 0.5 to 12 mg/mL. What can lead to this phenomenon?

Hi,

I am developing Deep learning model(s) for a binary classification problem. The DL works with a reasonable accuracy. Is there a reliable way to extract features from DL models built with 'Keras' pipeline? It seems that the feature contribution are distributed among several layers.

Thank You,

Partho

Regarding protein estimation

Hi Dear any one have idea how to get the equal gap i already extracted protein and now i load in WB but my results are uneven i never get equal marks what could be the reason and how i should solve that please guide me.

thankyou

Hi All,

I would like to seek for your expert input for below queries on RNA QC for RNASeq:

Can we proceed for RNASeq run on RNA less than 10ng, with DV₂₀₀ in between 68 - 80%?Details as below:

Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Sample 6

ng/uL 4.36 5.36 4.14 4.69 2.85 14.7

A260/280 2.472 2.061 1.636 2.057 1.968 1.968

A260/230 2.044 1.511 0.857 0.837 0.610 2.011

RQS NA NA NA NA NA 2.6

DV₂₀₀ 68.9 80.3 75.5 72.2 80.5 71.8

FYI, the RNA samples were extracted from the laser capture microdissected tissues.

Many thanks in advance!

I'm currently confused on the centrifuge speed needed for separate yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) from its aqueous medium

I need the yeast cells to still alive to ferment herbal extracts

Hellow, I have been conducting an alpha-amylase inhibitory activity assay using the DNSA (3,5-di-nitrosalicylic acid) method with Acarbose as the standard inhibitor. The absorbance values obtained for Acarbose exhibit the expected trend of decreasing absorbance with increasing concentrations, indicating inhibition of alpha-amylase activity. However, when testing sample extracts, the absorbance values show an unexpected trend of decreasing absorbance from low to high concentrations. We tried passing the extract through charcoal as well, yet the trend is not changing. could anyone please suggest improvements or possibly a different working protocol to carry out the experiment?

Hello, I am currently doing a research about essential oil extracted using soxhlet extraction from guava (Psidium guajava L.) and my solvent is n-hexane. I am just wondering what should be the color of the solution after rotary evaporator? Because currently, we have a crude like greenish color.

I am looking to make an Echinochrome A calibration curve for microplate visual spectral analysis of S. purpuratus coelomic fluid.

During these days, the using of the AI become ubiquitous. The AI have been used for collecting data as well. Hence, the statistical analysis of these data has become significantly interesting, especially in the absence of the gold standard. Therefore, I have been working on data that was extracted from AI tool in order to estimate its accuracy. In addition, as this data focused on studying the non-native insect pest in India, the next step was the prevalence estimation under the imperfect accuracy. As a result, if any university or research team interests in this work, contact me via direct message to organise online seminar.

My name is Tiphane I started working with kappaphycus extract [Ksap] and I need help with a setback in my research.

Normally we produce the extract with fresh biomass, but due to a problem in the laboratory, we needed to freeze it. Now we are concerned about whether freezing could interfere with the levels of amino acids and, mainly, phytohormones in the extract. I have been searching for two days and have not found anything in the literature about this. Could anybody help us with this question?

Thank you

Hello everyone,

Can anyone please let me know how can I extract DNA of Cyanobacteria (Gram Positive bacteria) in on site?

Besides extracting the poorly crystalline Fe- and Al-(hydroxy)oxides, does 0.2 (M) ammonium oxalate-oxalic acid (pH 3.25) buffer extract poorly crystalline Mn-oxides too?

Such as studies that represent results (mean, standard deviation) with graphs rather than numerical data

Can I preserve FFPE tissue slices in ethanol at -80°C after dewaxing and then extract the metabolites the next day?

Dear All,

What caused the increase in antibacterial activity of extract as its concentration decreased?

We ran a MIC analysis to specify the lowest concentration of plant crude extract (on a water base) that inhibits bacteria.

We observed that as the concentration decreases, the antibacterial activity increases. The extract, along with bioactive compounds, also contains natural sugars, acids, macro and microelements and pectic compounds.

Is high sugar or pectin content a reason for the encapsulation of bacteria?

I would appreciate any thoughts regarding this observation.

Many thanks!

Greetings!

I started my thesis and I need to research on the methods to extract RNA from vine leaves.

Does anyone have any tips for optimizing PCR reactions with low-quality DNA samples? My interest is in the identification of some species of bacteria using specific primers for each species.

I am working with a DNA sample extracted from different tissues (kidneys, liver, spleen, muscle, cartilage) from carcasses of mammals run over on highways. The tissues were stored in ethanol at room temperature (not my choice) during the collection period, after which they were frozen. DNA extractions were performed with an Invitrogen extraction kit and treated with RNase.

Any help would be appreciated, thank you very much :)

I have a feed alone as one of the layer. When i try to extract that, I get the folloing error. Kindly help me , how to resolve the issue and extract the gerber file

For this research and its publication, King, A.J., J.K. Griffin and F. Roslan. 2014. In vitro and in vivo addition of dried olive extract to poultry products. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2014, 62 (31), pp 7915 –7919, there was never a verbal or written agreement to not publish results. In fact, it was clearly understood by all parties that without a written agreement between all parties and the University, such an agreement was absolutely against University policy I am reporting this matter to University Council, University of CA Davis, for further exploration. Annie King, Professor, University of CA, Davis, CA 95616

Abstract

The study aimed to explain the jurisprudential controls regulating “judicial rulings and

what is related to them” in Islamic jurisprudence from the book Insight on Rulers in the

Principles of Judiciary and Methods of Rulings by Imam Ibn Farhun al-Maliki and to know

some of their applications, as The researcher: Collect and extract Collecting the

jurisprudential rules related to the subject of the study, extracting them, explaining them,

studying them, analyzing them, clarifying the related rulings supported by legal evidence

from the Holy Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet, and explaining some applications of

each rule with explanation and detail.

Dear all,

I just downloaded the tranches from zinc 20 database. but the files are in gz format. this means each on of them has to be extracted.

is that correct

if yes then extracting data from each one is going to be the most time consuming work.

anyone has experience otherwise?

Thank you

Ayesha

I have data extracted from literature on biomass production and related variables. I would like, if possible to conduct a seried of factor based analyses comparing biomass growth on managed and unmanaged treatments.

However, the data is nonparametric, and the majority of the data is on non-managed plots, (9 managed against 39 umanaged observations).

I'm thinking I would probably want a Mann-Witney test, since the data is unranked, but I'm concerned that the low and uneven sample sizes might preclude that.

In order to be robust about things, I want to make sure there is some valid statistical option, otherwise it may well be that I'll need to use descriptive options instead, but it would be good to be able to say something a bit more definitive.

Hi! I am trying to do RNA extraction from p7 mice's somatosensory cortex and hippocampus. But I am not sure if the RNA was extracted from the correct brain region. I was wondering if there are any standard ways to test it. Thank you.

I am a researcher working on DPPH-(2,2-diphenhlpicrylhydrazyl) antioxidant assay of different extracts of the plant Cassis tora. Though there are positive results mentioned in the literature, I am not getting them even after repeating the test. Could anyone kindly suggest to me what could be the possible reason/s for this?

So if I want to know what the structures are for different regions in the 2D projection plot of PCA analysis, how would I proceed? Any idea?

What is the most effective kit or method for extracting RNA from a very small number of cells?

hi, I am working on extracting proteins from pig skin. Initially, I used plain 0.5 M acetic acid solution for extracting proteins and used the solution as such post-centrifugation. but the protein failed to get detected on SDS PAGE. I wish to try the salting out method but am not sure of the steps. can someone please help?

I am trying to dry my extract using a make-shift vacuum setup with a flask (containing the sample), a solvent trap and a vacuum pump. My heat source would either be a water bath. Can anyone share their set up? Does the water trap need a vent or will it just need 2 connections (1) a hose input to trap the solvent then (2) another connection to the vacuum? Is it possible to remove the water from the extract? Around how long did it take? I will only dry around 30mL of the sample and I don't have access to a freeze-dryer yet.

ratio is around 1.4-1.8

Upon parafilming and snap freezing a 6 well plate in LN, I noticed 2 of the wells got filled with liquid nitrogen. Are they still viable for protein extraction or should I just avoid using those 2 wells to extract protein?

Hi everyone, I am conducting an experiment which I am extracting substances into a IPA-water mixture. Since I am going to analyse the substances using GCMS, I need to somehow remove the water content from my solution.

I have searched and seen there are methods to do so such as by using extractive distillation but it is quite labour intensive and I also don't want to subject the compounds-of-interest to heat.

Therefore I am wondering whether there is another "easier" way to separate out the IPA-water mixture so that I can have the IPA layer to put into my GCMS.......

Thank you so much for your input.

Max

Please send me some standardized manual protocols for the extraction of RNA from Streptomyces sp.

Thank you in advance.

Are FTIR and Raman analysis techniques adequate for exhaustively identifying the bioactive molecules present in a microalgae extract?

Hello

I need suggestions, As I wanted to estimate sugars from bacteria(pellets/biomass) sample by phenol-sulfuric assay but not sure how to extract carbohydrates from the bacteria source.

Thanks

I mixed 20 ml water with 10 ml DCM in funnel. I separated the organic phase and I analysed it with GCMS. The concentration is too low.

Hello all,

I am collecting muscle tissue samples and would like to extract the nuclear and cytoplasmic protein fractions. The extractions kits suggest using fresh tissue samples as freeze thaw cycles could disrupt the nuclear membrane and contaminate the different fractions. However, we sample >20 animals in 2-3 hours. I would like to process all samples at once or in batches, since individual sample processing may create equipment (centrifuge) availability issues as extraction protocols require 1-2 hours but samples are being collected every ~10 minutes.

I was thinking of collecting the samples and storing them in an "anti-freeze" solution such as glycerol at -20 Celsius until all samples were collected and could be processed all at once or in small batches.

What are your thoughts on this approach? Is there anything else that we can do to resolve our issue?

Thank you!

I am trying to extract microplastics from water samples and follow the standard method. As per the standard method after digestion and density separation, the final step is filtration with glass fiber filter paper and then analysis.

But my query is in freshwater samples after extraction we are getting a few very small microplastic particles that get stuck to the membrane only after filtration and it is very difficult to get a residue for FTIR analysis.

If we give filter paper as it is for ATR- FTIR analysis then how it is assumed that all particles spread over filter paper will be detected?

As in ATR FTIR point of contact of the beam is at one point only.

So can anybody suggest how to extract microplastic particles that are stuck on glass filter paper to get particles for any analysis?

For my research goal, I would like to extract a sustainable event pattern in the local area, is there any suggestion for that?