Microbiology - Science topic

95% EtOH and 5% methanol/isopropyl alcohol have worked for me for several samples for SEM, including bacteria.

For genomic DNA, any standard condition, 15-20 min, 5000 g would work, however, good to use at 4 °C if possible. Time can vary based on your sample density.

In the microbiological analysis of purified water, the choice of media depends on the specific microorganisms you want to detect and quantify. Experienced microbiologists typically use a combination of selective and differential media to isolate and identify various types of microorganisms commonly found in water samples. Here are some commonly used media:

Indeed, 50% glycerol slants serve as effective storage solutions for bacterial cultures at -20°C, leveraging glycerol's cryoprotectant properties to safeguard cells from ice crystal formation during freezing and thawing. To prepare them, mix glycerol and sterile water equally to create a homogeneous 50% glycerol solution. Inoculate the slants with the desired bacterial culture and let them grow before adding the glycerol solution to cover the growth. Seal the slants and store them at -20°C to maintain viability over months to years. To revive cultures, streak cells from the slants onto agar plates and incubate under suitable conditions. Although glycerol enhances viability during storage, it's vital to handle cultures carefully and adhere to proper storage and revival protocols to ensure their viability.

I add 50mg/L of Nystatin as a methanol solution (or rather suspension). The 50mg does not dissolve completely in 1mL of methanol but the suspension is homogenic so if you add this to warm agar (with stirring) then you get a somewhat even dispersal. Hope that helps...

Ensuring accessibility of policy manuals to all medical staff, including those working in microbiology labs, can significantly benefit the optimization of lab processes, particularly in the pre-analytical testing phase. Here's how:

yes I am interested

To maintain a high pH (pH 9) for yeast cell suspensions, you can use a buffer that is effective in this pH range. Tris buffer is commonly used for maintaining alkaline pH and may be suitable for your needs. Here's how you can prepare Tris buffer at pH 9:

Tris buffer is widely used in biological research and is generally compatible with yeast cell suspensions.

We have been working in the field of microbial infections of humans and animals since 1973. The collection of sample and immediate transport in cold chain, maintenance of sterile conditions in the laboratory, use of good quality media, and personal hygiene while processing of samples etc. are very important to get good results.

I have mentioned processing of biological samples for getting accurate results in my book entitled " Veterinary and Medical Mycology, First Edition, 2007 published by Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi,India.

When faced with an unforeseen and abrupt deviation from a bacteria's antibiotic resistance pattern, physicians and microbiologists typically respond by taking several steps:

Responding involves collaboration among healthcare providers, microbiologists, and public health authorities to ensure proper patient care and combat antibiotic resistance.

The periodic publication of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns has significant impacts on sample result analysis and treatment decisions. It guides empirical therapy by informing antibiotic prescribing practices based on local resistance patterns. For confirmed infections, it enables individualized treatment by selecting the most appropriate antibiotics according to pathogen susceptibility profiles. Regular publication aids in monitoring resistance trends, allowing timely interventions to prevent the spread of resistant pathogens. It supports antibiotic stewardship efforts by optimizing prescribing practices and minimizing unnecessary antibiotic use. Additionally, antimicrobial susceptibility data contribute to research on resistance mechanisms and new antimicrobial development.

Improving microbiology skills and training involves enhancing education programs, implementing quality control measures, utilizing advanced technologies, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, providing ongoing professional development, and adhering to standardization and accreditation. These strategies aim to emphasize accurate microbial identification, minimize errors in sample processing, leverage molecular techniques for enhanced specificity, encourage collaboration across disciplines, keep professionals updated on emerging technologies, and ensure adherence to established standards. By implementing these measures, the misidentification of commensals and contaminants as pathogens can be reduced, leading to improved patient care and public health outcomes.

Certain practices should be done to reduce potential risks from factors which can affect the tests in the laboratory. According to a review by Gloucestershire Hospitals, the following factors may affect the accuracy of microbiology tests: Improper sample containers are not tested and may include contaminants, delays in collection time allows for contamination to develop and lead to misleading results, usage of expired transport medium which will not allow processing of specimen, sample without full clinical details may cause a delay in testing which can affect the sample. Additionally there is also the possibility of cross-contamination in the laboratory, faulty equipment, variability in testing methods, high workload, poor management support, shortage of supplies and reagents, and lack of equipment which all depends on the staff and the laboratory itself. These circumstances are only a handful of what laboratories encounter in reality, which is why it is important to be well informed and apply the standardized laboratory procedures to ensure quality and reliable laboratory results with fast turnaround time.

Lewis, J. (2022). Factors affecting microbiology tests. Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. Retrieved from https://www.gloshospitals.nhs.uk/media/documents/MICHC_091_Factors_Affecting_Microbiology_Tests_V1.2.pdf

Fenta DA, Ali MM (2020). Factors Affecting Quality of Laboratory Result During Ordering, Handling, and Testing of the Patient's Specimen at Hawassa University College of Medicine and Health Science Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. J Multidiscip Healthc. Retreieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7450655/#cit0035

Welcome Dr Clara

Are you vortexing your samples/dilutions right before plating? They will settle to the bottom of tubes over time, even when shaken.

But honestly, having less than 1 log of variability between replicates of the same condition when plating bacteria for CFUs isn't that uncommon or concerning. You'll almost never end up with 50, 53 and 49 colonies from three replicates.

Good communication between clinicians and microbiologist is necessary to ensure that relevant specimens are selected, collected, and studied properly. Interprofessional teamwork can enhance patient outcomes by reducing adverse drug responses, avoiding emergency hospitalizations, lowering morbidity. and mortality rates, and optimizing medication dosages. When members of a healthcare team collaborate, patient outcomes improve by reducing medical errors and avoidable consequences.

According to the Review Article of Kasarla and Pathak (2023), if processing of specimen is not done within 2 hours after collection, the specimen should be stored at 4°C. The Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) sample should be kept in an incubator at 37°C if delay of testing is inevitable. However, it must be kept in mind to not refrigerate CSF sample as delicate pathogens like Haemophilus influenzae may die.

Reference:

Kasarla, R. R., & Pathak, L. (2023). Tenets of Specimen Management in Diagnostic Microbiology. Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences, 11(02), 63–66. https://doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v11i02.58133

Debtosh Patra Arizaldo Castro Thank you so much for your answers!

Kind regards,

Wissal Chebil

Specimen management in microbiology plays a critical role in ensuring the accuracy and reliability of laboratory test results. Here are some significant effects of specimen management on microbiology laboratory tests:such as Contamination Prevention: Proper collection, handling, and transport of specimens help prevent contamination, which can lead to false-positive results or misinterpretation of test results. Contaminated specimens can introduce foreign microorganisms into the culture, interfering with the growth and identification of target pathogens.and Viability of Microorganisms,Preservation of Microbial Characteristics,Optimal Growth Conditions,Timeliness of Testing, Quality Control and Assurance, specimen management is a critical aspect of microbiology laboratory practice, and deviations from best practices can significantly impact the accuracy and reliability of test results.

Anti-HBcAb (antibodies against hepatitis B core antigen) is produced by the immune system in response to exposure to the hepatitis B virus (HBV). When HBV infects hepatocytes (liver cells), the cells produce hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) as part of the viral replication process. HBcAg is not released into the blood in significant quantities; instead, it remains within the infected hepatocytes or is present in viral particles.The presence of HBcAg within infected hepatocytes triggers an immune response in the body. B cells, a type of white blood cell, recognize HBcAg as foreign and start to produce antibodies against it. These antibodies, referred to as anti-HBc antibodies, are then released into the bloodstream. The presence of anti-HBc antibodies can be detected through blood tests and indicates exposure to the hepatitis B virus, either currently or in the past.

Yes, heterogeneous resistance can indeed affect the zone diameter in disk diffusion susceptibility testing.

In disk diffusion susceptibility testing, antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria is assessed by measuring the zone of inhibition around an antimicrobial disk on a culture plate. The diameter of this zone is indicative of the susceptibility of the bacteria to the antimicrobial agent.Heterogeneous resistance refers to the presence of subpopulations of bacteria within a culture that exhibit varying degrees of susceptibility to the antimicrobial agent being tested. This means that while the majority of the bacteria may be susceptible to the antimicrobial, there could be small subpopulations that are resistant.When performing disk diffusion testing, if there are subpopulations of resistant bacteria within the culture, the zone of inhibition may appear larger than expected. This is because the susceptible bacteria surrounding the resistant subpopulations are still inhibited by the antimicrobial, leading to a wider zone of inhibition. As a result, the zone diameter may not accurately reflect the true susceptibility of the bacterial population as a whole.

Better use a sterile containers to store milk instead of searching for container size. But prefer a sterile glass container.

Abhijeet Singh both kits offer the same multiplexing capacity, if I understand the question you're asking - both 16S kit and the native kit that we have are "24 barcoding", native / 16S.

I am rather curious about the necessity of 16S in terms of sequencing success - I can see low complexity microbial samples getting sequenced just as succcessfully with a native kit as with 16S, but without the PCR amplification bias, which in fact affects relative quantification negatively, rather than being prerequisite for it as you seem to state (becasue amplification efficiency drops steeply after 60%+ GC content of the amplicon). PCR amplification probably makes a positive difference when trying to detect low-abundance species, but I am not interested in those in this project.

1) Selecting a hypervariable region is crucial in quantifying bacterial community from 16S rRNA gene copy abundance. No single region can accurately quantify all bacterial phyla present in an environmental sample. The choice of region (e.g., V3 or V9) depends on the specific bacterial phyla being targeted.

For example, if you are interested in quantifying the abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in a soil sample using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, you may choose the V4 hypervariable region. However, if your focus shifts to Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, the V1-V2 region might be more suitable. The choice of hypervariable region depends on the bacterial phyla you want to target for accurate quantification in your environmental sample.

2) Why select a specific region from the 16S rRNA gene? Many sequencing platforms, such as Illumina, lack the capability to sequence the entire length of the 16S rRNA gene (~1500 bp). However, PacBio currently shows promise in overcoming this limitation.

3) Different bacterial species have varying numbers of 16S rRNA gene copies per genome. This can lead to discrepancies in quantification when using 16S rRNA sequencing as a measure of microbial abundance.

For example; There is a variable 16S rRNA gene copy numbers in Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Escherichia coli typically has about 7 copies of the 16S rRNA gene per genome, while Mycobacterium tuberculosis has only one copy. If both species are present in a microbial community and are quantified solely based on 16S rRNA sequencing, the higher copy number in E. coli might lead to an overestimation of its abundance compared to M. tuberculosis, even if their actual abundance in the sample is similar.

4) Identifying a single perfect conserved region in the 16S rRNA gene that would enable PCR primer design to capture the entire bacterial diversity is not feasible. The process of PCR amplification (nature of PCR primer), which is commonly used in 16S rRNA sequencing, can introduce biases. Certain bacterial taxa may be preferentially amplified over others, leading to inaccurate quantification.

For example; the 16S rRNA primer set, 515F/806R primer pair, was designed to amplify a broad range of bacterial taxa. However, it has been shown to have biases towards Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes, while underrepresenting others like Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia.

5) It is difficult to establish universal standards for calibrating 16S rRNA sequencing data to absolute microbial abundance due to the complexities of microbial communities and variations in DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and sequencing protocols.

For example, one laboratory might employ a method that efficiently lyses certain bacterial cell types, resulting in higher DNA yield, while another laboratory might use a different method that is less effective for lysing those same cells (especially when working with marine sediments). Consequently, variations in DNA extraction efficiency can lead to differences in the amount of DNA extracted from microbial samples, affecting the accuracy and reproducibility of microbial abundance estimates obtained through 16S rRNA sequencing.

Hope this helps.

That sounds like an exciting field! Here are some steps you can take to find a postdoctoral position in microscopy and physics of microorganisms:

By following these steps and leveraging your expertise in microscopy and physics, you can increase your chances of securing a rewarding postdoctoral position in this exciting field of research.

l Perhaps this protocol list can give us more information to help solve the problem.

It's cheap and can be thrown away afterwards. It is reasonably chemically inert. Its waterproof. It can mould to any shape vessel and its autoclavable.

Microorganisms are the tiny powerhouses of the soil world, playing a vital role in keeping it healthy and fertile. Here's how they contribute:

Microbiological activities significantly impact soil structure:

In essence, a healthy and diverse community of microorganisms is essential for maintaining a healthy soil structure, which directly translates to healthy plant growth and a thriving ecosystem.

XRD patterns show a decrease in XRD peak intensity at low 2 angles for low SiO2/Al2O3 ratio zeolites. The Si/Al ratio of zeolites can be predicted from the batch composition using the equation: Si/Al = 1+b(SiO2 )/(OH ) Solution.

Optimal zeolite-X formation conditions are 72.5°C, 5 M NaOH, and an Al/Si ratio of 3:5, which can be determined using XRD scan yields.

The Si/Al ratio of crystallizing X zeolites depends on the alkalinity of the batch and the solution phase Si/Al ratio, with the Si/Al ratio increasing at lower alkalinities. XRD patterns can be determine the silica/alumina ratio of zeolite by assigning average T-O-T angles to the crystallographic sites.

Dear Andriy,

First, congratulation with your future instrument. I personally love Agilent 6546, I did not work with Revident though.

Second, in my opinion, the most important step in untargeted metabolomics by HRMS is to fully understand what it can and can't do. Basically, I think a researcher has to accept that untargeted metabolomcis will not provide meaningful results immediately. Also, one has to accept that a whole process is so complex (not difficult, but complex), that it will be sub-optimal for most of the chemicals of interest. Therefore, for example, I would not consider APCI as a must have source. In contrast, for the targeted analysis, APCI can be essential in some cases.

The software provided are kind of repeat each other (in my impression), so I ended up using mostly MPP for all tasks. I think it is quite nice, intuitive and powerful. I do prefer to perform post-processing data analysis using external soft, but build-in functions work well for the initial results.

I do recommend to have PCDL, it can save you a lot of time for the primary metabolites annotation on the fly. But you can use external soft and databases too, if PCDL is beyond your budget or so.

Maintenance of 6546 is acceptable. in my case I have to prepare tuning mix by combining purchased components, but I heard Agilent is going to (already did) provide prepared mixes. Cone cleaning is easy, the needle adjustment can be tricky, but hopefully you will not need it often. I also like Agilent's video instructions., but I strongly recommend you to make sure how good is Agilent support in your location. Problems are unavoidable, I had a great support in this cases, but it is in the US. I know that other locations can be different.

Good luck.

Toluidine blue stain for a versatile non-fluorescent stain and calcofluor white stain for fluorescent microscope

can you kindly show the graph? That will aid understanding of the question.

Without agreement of all aspects of the laboratory workers in socio_cultural and ethnic in progress in the laboratory results

Is this for a school assignment? Seems like several of your classmates also posted questions in this forum.

Anyway, I can think of two possible answers to your question: 1. Standard antimicrobial susceptibility tests do not reflect the resistance patterns of biofilm bacteria. Since the design of routine lab tests facilitate the growth of only the planktonic phenotype, the isolate may appear susceptible even if the organisms that formed biofilms inside the patient (biofilm phenotype but of the same species and strain) are resistant to the antibiotic. Biofilm phenotypes are generally more resistant to antibiotics compared to their planktonic counterparts. This then leads to the failure of antibiotic therapy even if the isolate appeared susceptible to the antibiotic during lab testing. This is of course only a problem in cases of biofilm-associated infections. 2. Standard antimicrobial susceptibility reports do not usually include the MICs because most physicians prefer the S,I, or R reports. While this may not be an issue at the level of individual patient management, information is lost that may be useful for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance at the community level. If the MICs are routinely recorded and made available for surveillance, we may potentially “catch” the development of biological resistance before clinical resistance is achieved. In other words, if the records show a trend of increasing MICs over time for a given species and antibiotic (even if still within the range of clinical susceptibility), this may serve as a clue that a clinically resistant strain may appear in the future.

The positive working relationship between clinicians and microbiologists is crucial for patient diagnosis and treatment outcomes. A strong partnership ensures effective communication, collaboration, and mutual understanding of each other's expertise and perspectives.

The extent of the impact of the clinician-microbiologist relationship on patient diagnosis is significant, as it directly influences the accuracy, timeliness, and effectiveness of diagnostic and treatment interventions in infectious diseases.

In preparation for urine collection, patients should follow these steps:

- Hygiene: Clean the genital area thoroughly with soap and water before collecting the urine sample to minimize contamination.

- Midstream Catch: Use the midstream catch technique, where the patient begins urinating into the toilet, then collects a portion of the urine midstream into a sterile container. This helps minimize contamination from the urethra and surrounding skin.

- Proper Container: Use a sterile container provided by the healthcare provider or laboratory for urine collection. Ensure the container is tightly sealed to prevent leakage or contamination.

- Timeliness: Collect the urine sample as soon as possible after waking up in the morning or as instructed by the healthcare provider. Promptly deliver the sample to the laboratory for analysis to minimize degradation of the sample and ensure accurate results.

- Instructions: Follow any specific instructions provided by the healthcare provider or laboratory regarding diet, medication, or other factors that may affect the urine sample.

Microbiologists can ensure that patients follow these preparations by:

- Education: Provide clear and concise instructions to patients on proper urine collection techniques, emphasizing the importance of hygiene, midstream catch, and timeliness.

- Demonstration: Offer demonstrations or visual aids to help patients understand the correct urine collection procedure.

- Communication: Maintain open communication with patients, addressing any concerns or questions they may have about the collection process. Provide reassurance and support to alleviate anxiety or apprehension.

- Feedback: Provide feedback to patients on their urine collection technique, offering constructive guidance for improvement if necessary.

In the context of the article "Tenets of Specimen Management in Diagnostic Microbiology," the positive working relationship between microbiologists and clinicians is highlighted as essential for optimal patient care. The appropriate handling of specimens in the laboratory directly impacts patient outcomes and care in several ways:

- Communication and Collaboration: Effective specimen management fosters communication and collaboration between microbiologists and clinicians. This collaboration ensures that the clinical relevance of microbiology results is understood, leading to appropriate treatment decisions and improved patient outcomes.

- Diagnostic Accuracy: Proper specimen collection, handling, and processing are critical for accurate diagnosis. When microbiologists and clinicians work together closely, they can ensure that specimens are collected appropriately and that laboratory testing is performed with precision, leading to more accurate diagnoses and better patient care.

- Treatment Optimization: Collaboration between microbiologists and clinicians enables the interpretation of microbiology results in the context of clinical symptoms and patient history. This facilitates the selection of optimal treatment strategies tailored to individual patients, leading to improved outcomes and reduced adverse effects.

- Timely Intervention: Effective communication between laboratory personnel and clinicians ensures timely reporting of microbiology results. Rapid access to accurate diagnostic information allows clinicians to initiate appropriate treatment promptly, potentially preventing disease progression and complications, and improving patient care.

- Quality Improvement: Continuous feedback and dialogue between microbiologists and clinicians contribute to ongoing quality improvement initiatives in the laboratory and clinical practice. By identifying areas for improvement in specimen handling, testing procedures, and result interpretation, healthcare professionals can enhance the reliability and utility of microbiology testing, ultimately benefiting patient care and outcomes.

In summary, the positive working relationship between microbiologists and clinicians, as emphasized in the article, is integral to ensuring that specimen management in the laboratory optimally impacts patient outcomes and care. Effective collaboration facilitates diagnostic accuracy, treatment optimization, timely intervention, and quality improvement initiatives, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes.

To enhance the quality of Microbiology Testing as Medical Technologists, consider:

- Continuous Training: Stay updated with the latest techniques, methodologies, and technologies in microbiology through regular training programs.

- Quality Control Measures: Implement strict quality control protocols to ensure accuracy and reliability of results. Regularly validate and calibrate equipment.

- Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs):Develop and adhere to standardized protocols for each testing procedure, ensuring consistency and minimizing errors.

- Accurate Record-Keeping: Maintain meticulous records of testing processes, results, and any deviations encountered. This helps in identifying trends and improving procedures.

- Collaboration and Communication: Foster open communication within the team and collaborate with other departments to share insights and address challenges collectively.

- Routine Equipment Maintenance: Regularly service and maintain laboratory equipment to ensure optimal performance and accuracy.

- External Quality Assurance Programs: Participate in external quality assurance programs or proficiency testing to benchmark your laboratory's performance against others and identify areas for improvement.

- Adopt Molecular Techniques: Consider incorporating advanced molecular techniques for faster and more precise microbial identification.

- Infection Control Measures: Follow strict infection control measures to prevent cross-contamination and ensure the integrity of samples.

- Continual Learning: Keep abreast of emerging trends and research in microbiology to adapt and integrate new knowledge into your laboratory practices.

Thank you so much sir.

About what was the ratio of the volume of your bacterial thermal springwater inoculum sample to the volume of your freshwater medium?

Also, are you sure that no oxygen made its way inadvertantly into some of your cultures after 4 days of incubation? (did you test to confirm no inadvertant introduction of O2 from air?)

Checking the normality of your data is important when using parametric statistical tests like t-tests and ANOVA. These tests make certain assumptions about the distribution of the data, and if those assumptions are violated, it can affect the validity of your results.

For t-tests and ANOVA, normality is particularly important when dealing with smaller sample sizes. However, these tests are somewhat robust against violations of normality, especially with larger sample sizes (typically, n > 30 is considered reasonably robust).

If normality is a concern, you might consider non-parametric tests like the Mann-Whitney U test (for two groups) or the Kruskal-Wallis test (for multiple groups) as alternatives.

In summary, while it's a good practice to check for normality, the impact of deviations from normality depends on your sample size and the specific assumptions of the statistical test you're using. If in doubt, consulting with a statistician or using non-parametric tests may be appropriate.

Robert Adolf Brinzer I was speaking about mutations instead of phenotypic variations. It's my bad, i think should rewrite the question for clarity.

caldo nutritivo

I am honored to participate with you in research. Please kindly explain the ideas and plan.

with all my respect.

Chidi Nduka Amadi-Ikpa Yup, I just did :)

Here are some suggestions

1. Investigate the role of the microbiome in cancer development and progression:

- Characterize the composition and diversity of the microbiome in cancer patients compared to healthy individuals.

- Identify specific microbial taxa or functional pathways associated with different types of cancer.

- Explore the potential interactions between the microbiome and cancer cells, including the influence on tumor growth, metastasis, and response to therapy.

2. Perform integrative analysis of multi-omics data to identify cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets:

- Integrate genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics data to identify molecular signatures associated with cancer.

- Identify potential biomarkers for early cancer detection, prognosis, and treatment response.

- Prioritize and validate candidate genes or pathways as potential therapeutic targets using bioinformatics tools and experimental approaches.

3. Develop computational models for predicting cancer outcomes and treatment response:

- Build machine learning or deep learning models using clinical and molecular data to predict patient survival, treatment response, or drug resistance.

- Incorporate genomic, transcriptomic, and clinical variables to improve the accuracy of the predictive models.

- Validate the models using independent datasets and assess their clinical utility for personalized medicine approaches.

4. Explore the role of non-coding RNAs in cancer development and progression:

- Identify and characterize different classes of non-coding RNAs (e.g., microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs) associated with specific cancer types.

- Investigate the regulatory mechanisms and functions of non-coding RNAs in cancer, including their impact on gene expression and cellular processes.

- Explore the potential of non-coding RNAs as diagnostic or prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.

5. Investigate the impact of tumor heterogeneity on cancer progression and treatment response:

- Analyze single-cell sequencing data to characterize intra-tumor heterogeneity and clonal evolution in different cancer types.

- Study the influence of tumor heterogeneity on treatment resistance, metastasis, and disease recurrence.

- Identify potential strategies to target and overcome tumor heterogeneity for improved therapeutic outcomes.

Hope it helps: partial credit AI

I don't think incubator function would have an effect on growth in broth. Can you offer more info? The microbes and broth?

Hi Shawn. I have worked with human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC) and their derived cell line HMEC-1 for the past two years. For the HDMEC my magic number is ten for consistent response to TNF 1-50 ng/mL in 6 to 24 hours. After 12 hours morphology changes are quite visible in bright field microscopy.

You are asking the right questions, microvascular Endothelial cells tends to be quite needy as well size increase. In my opinion they are sensible to edge effect. 96-48-24 are stable if you avoid edges. Expect some variance in the outer wells with 6-wells near the edge. Usually they do well with 0.2 ml/cm2 media. Cheers.

Some siderophores released for iron scavenging can also turn the plates brown. If you rear the strain in a fridge does it turn the plate blue?

Bacterial metabolism is abroad term,fist of all put your isolate on group of classification according to Bergy .manual for clssifactin of bacteria

I suggest you to read thoroughly and do it by yourself, or you can ask for help to one whom u have known involve in scientific writing (not necessarily a NES). In my case i did myself when the editor ask for the same..

You can drop me a mail if u need further help at [email protected]

Hello,

you can test the effectiveness of disinfactants using standard microbiology tests such as those used in researching the antimicrobial activity of substances. For example the technique of wells on agar in Petri dishes, you can also find the minimum inhibiting concentration of your disinfectants using 96-well plates.

There is also the technique in which you add your disinfectant to a liquid bacterial culture and then you have to monitor the bacterial growth or its inhibition by measuring the OD at 600 nm.

Salah A. Alshehade Thanks for answering. Do you have some more information about these adapters? As you mentioned, there are multiple 10-15 mL tubes that fit biomerieux densitometers, but they are too high and because of that withdrawing liquid with automatic pipettes is impossible..

ATCC's is 7.2 https://www.atcc.org/~/media/9f92a81fd5714c1db55e560a627ae2dd.ashx

To what ourpose is your medium?

Primer concentration is important in this experiment (usually in all amplification experiments). In addition to it,my question is whether the recombinases enzyme and sample in your experiment are working properly?

All the best

Sara Melo-Dias

Microbiological agents are microorganisms that can be used to enhance plant growth, protect plants from pests and diseases, and improve soil health.

They are also known as biocontrol agents, biostimulants, or biofertilizers, depending on their functions and applications. Some examples of microbiological agents are bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, viruses, and nematodes.

These microorganisms can interact with plants and other microbes in different ways, such as producing antibiotics, enzymes, hormones, or volatile compounds; competing for nutrients or space; inducing systemic resistance; or forming symbiotic associations.

The compatibility of microbiological agents in agriculture depends on several factors, such as the type and strain of the microorganism, the target plant and pathogen, the environmental conditions, the formulation and application methods, and the possible interactions with other microorganisms or chemicals.

Therefore, it is important to select the appropriate microbiological agents for each specific situation and to evaluate their efficacy and safety before using them in large-scale applications.

Agree with Yannick. However, some antibodies work for both WB and imaging applications. A relatively easy way to test a primary ab for imaging is usually by light (fluorescence) microscopy, using applicable secondary ab (fluorophor conjugated). Also keep in mind that most ab do not bind after fixation with standard glutaraldehyde concentrations used for EM.

Revered Dr.Andrea Celeste Arismendi Sosa,

Hope you are from developed countries of Europe.

I came across these top ranked Scopus Indexed Journals are mostly waive off for third world countries stakeholders than others.

I have some list of free Scopus Indexed Journals that I will attach to your email ID.

Since you are from Microbiology that I will find some free Journals in your field of study.

Be in touch with my email ID [email protected]

I will send in the returning mail reply.

Regards

Senapathy

Ethiopia

This is a recall be Remel based on failure of their microbiological medium to achieve excepted results. Again - Bio-Rad's produict is also a medical device used to diagnose disease. Your results indicate a problem and they're blowing it off. Suggest you file a complaint the FDA. They can detyermine if this is serious.

According to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, inoculation agar plates, should be at room temperature before inoculation. The first 15 minutes is about the usage of adjusted inoculum suspension within 15 minutes of preparation. The second 15 minutes state that the disks should be applied within 15 minutes of inoculation because if it is left at room temperature for a long period before disks are applied, the organism might begin to grow which will result in an erroneous reduction in sizes of inhibition zone diameters. With that being stated, according to Anna King and Derek F.J. Brown in their journal entitled Quality Assurance of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing by Disc Diffusion, if the problem includes too large or too small zone diameters with all antimicrobials, the following should be observed:

1. Depth of agar should be checked, if it is incorrect, the amount of agar should be adjusted.

2. Inoculum size should be checked.

3. Ensure that the discs are applied to the inoculated plates within 15 minutes and that the plates are incubated within 15 minutes of the application of the discs.

The inclusion of the 15-15-15 rule in the troubleshooting controls proves that it is done to reduce errors in susceptibility testing in disc diffusion.

I don't think it matters whether you do your assays in 96 well plates, 24 well plates or tubes. But if you can not measure optical density or turbidity, then the easiest thing may be to measure surviving CFUs. You can plate out a sample of the culture after treating, but you might need to also do a dilution series. You can just do a series of 10 fold dilutions and spot 5 ul of each onto your plates (you can usually get a number of spots per plate). Otherwise plating directly after 24 hours is likely to have too high a cell density to count directly, unless the compound is highly inhibitory.

Why are so many methods and no answers the same? Other papers also mention the different results. What is actually the correct answer?

It all comes down to chemistry. The colder it is the slower chemical reactions happen (especially endothermic reactions). So yes storing your aliquots at -80ºC will prolong their shelf life compared to -20ºC but you will also need to factor in cost since colder freezers chew more power so are more expensive to run. This means you need to offset the cost of just buying in a new batch of antibiotics over the cost of keeping them colder.

Another factor you should consider is how the antibiotics degrade. Usually this is by oxidation so you can prolong the shelf life further by purging the atmosphere in the aliquot with argon or nitrogen. Note this would then need screw top vials since regular Eppendorfs are not great at preventing gas exchange.

Dear Dr Hasi,

Hope you're in good health.

After adding the name of the author in TOC, Elsevier will send the link directly to the author.

And then he or she is able to login in EMSS.

Please let me know if you have any questions

Thanks for your time and support

With warm regards

DEAR DR EVIEN

Certainly, preparing hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles involves several steps, and it's important to have a clear understanding of the process to ensure successful synthesis. Hydroxyapatite is a biocompatible material often used in various biomedical and dental applications. Here's a general outline of the synthesis process:

1. Chemical Precursors:You'll need calcium and phosphate sources as your main precursors. Common choices are calcium nitrate or calcium chloride for the calcium source, and diammonium hydrogen phosphate or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate for the phosphate source.

2. Mixing:Dissolve the calcium and phosphate precursors in deionized water separately to create two solutions. Then, add the phosphate solution dropwise into the calcium solution under constant stirring. This will lead to the precipitation of hydroxyapatite.

3. pH Adjustment:The pH of the mixture is critical for obtaining pure hydroxyapatite. Adjust the pH to around 9-10 using a base (like ammonium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide) to promote HA formation.

4. Aging:Allow the mixture to age for a certain period, typically several hours to overnight. During aging, the nanoparticles will grow and form stable structures.

5. Filtration and Washing:After aging, the precipitate is usually separated by filtration and washed with deionized water to remove any residual chemicals and impurities.

6. Drying:Dry the obtained precipitate in an oven at a temperature around 60-80°C. This will result in the formation of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles.

In addition to Phil Geis question, in what subspecialty. There are hundreds or perhaps even thousands of microbiology journals but many are specialized, for example in pathogenesis or clinical microbiology, environmental, industrial, molecular genetics, etc

The microbiolgical quality in the pharmocopia kept a modern apothecary " natural body care"

Dear doctor

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Association between atopic dermatitis and serious cutaneous, multiorgan and systemic infections in US adults

Shanthi Narla, and Jonathan I. Silverberg,

Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2018 Jan; 120(1): 66–72.e11.

doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.10.019

"Introduction

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting 13% of children1 and 7–10% of adults across the United States. It is well established that AD is associated with a higher incidence of certain cutaneous infections, including Staphylococcus aureus colonization, molluscum contagiosum and eczema herpeticum (EH), and possibly cutaneous warts. In fact, predisposition toward cutaneous infection is one of the Hanifin and Rajka minor diagnostic criterion for AD8. The mechanism of such predisposition is thought to be multifactorial, including impaired epidermal barrier function9, decreased expression of antimicrobial peptides, and abnormal innate immune response in skin.

Recent US population-based studies showed that AD is also associated with higher rates of extra-cutaneous infection in both children and adults, such as infections of the upper and lower respiratory tracts, ears and urinary tract. Those studies utilized surveys with questions about self- or caregiver-reported AD and infections. In the present study, we sought to determine whether there is an association between healthcare diagnosed AD and serious infections in adults. We hypothesized that adults with AD have significantly higher prevalences of cutaneous, respiratory, multi-organ and systemic infections.

In conclusion, adults with AD had significantly higher odds of cutaneous, respiratory, multi-organ and systemic infections. Serious infections were associated with a substantial financial-burden in patients with AD."

Bonjour,

Pour le moment tous nos projets sont pris par les doctorants.

Cordialement. M. SIDQUI

Binyamin Kerman very kind for your answer, thanks. Exploring all your suggestions!

N

Certainly! When it comes to digital microscopes for microbiology, there are several options available. Here are a few recommendations that are commonly used for observing molds:

1. Celestron 44341 LCD Digital Microscope: This microscope features a built-in LCD screen and a 2-megapixel camera. It provides magnifications of up to 200x and has built-in LED illumination. It's portable and easy to use, making it suitable for mold observation.

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Remember to consider your specific requirements, such as budget, desired magnification range, portability, and connectivity options, when choosing a digital microscope for your microbiology needs. It's also a good idea to read customer reviews and compare features before making a purchase to ensure it meets your expectations.

1. Adjust primer length: Increase or decrease primer length slightly.

2. Evaluate Tm prediction methods: Use different algorithms or tools for Tm calculation.

3. Adjust primer sequence: Make small modifications to fine-tune Tm.

4. Check for secondary structures: Identify and minimize hairpins or self-complementarity.

5. Consider primer placement: Avoid repetitive or variable regions.

6. Follow primer design guidelines: Adhere to established recommendations.

7. Validate and test primers experimentally.

Dear Sudeep Poudel The impact factor as indicated by Phil Geis is legit. Since June 2023 Clarivate assigned journals indexed in their ESCI an impact factor, as announced for example here https://clarivate.com/blog/mapping-the-path-to-future-changes-in-the-journal-citation-reports/

The journal is as indicated in their own indexing info https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijmicro/ai/ still indexed in Clarivate’s Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) and has an impact factor of 3.4

Best regards.

PS. Unfortunately nobody here on RG seems to have the JCR report list with the IF of all ESCI titles (yet).

yes it looks contaminant

For spray dryer -after heat treatment - does water remain and what are the microbes recovered?

Could you please share with us how you isolated the Nitrosomonas bacteria?

tank you

Do you mean The Algerian society of clinical microbiology (société algérienne de la microbiologie clinique SAMiC) ?https://www.samic.dz/site/index.php

Don't know either. Just an idea.