Science topics: Names
Science topic

Names - Science topic

Personal names, given or surname, as cultural characteristics, as ethnological or religious patterns, as indications of the geographic distribution of families and inbreeding, etc. Analysis of isonymy, the quality of having the same or similar names, is useful in the study of population genetics. NAMES is used also for the history of names or name changes of corporate bodies, such as medical societies, universities, hospitals, government agencies, etc.
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I have a construct with four dimensions. I name the construct as X and the four dimensions as a, b, c and d. and the dependent variable is named as Y. In this case, after my hypothesis testing, only a and b positively related to Y is supported, but not c and d. Under this situation, I was asked to test the influence of X on Y ( a must). Now, can I say that X positively related to Y, when half of the dimensions (a,b) only support the positive relationship with Y? Where can I find the reference, please? Thank you!
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Dear Guo Fanghua, I hope this finds you well. If a, b,c and d are dimensions of X, you are not supposed to hypothesize that these dimensions influence Y, but that X influences Y. As an additional analysis, you can explore the previous relationships to provide a more nuanced comprehension of the phenomenon of interest. One analysis I suggest you do is a Necessary condition analysis (NCA) that provides the role of each variable for the occurrence of Y, even though the dimensions do not have an influence statistically significant on Y, because NCA does not have an additive logic as the regressive models do. For further information, see Jan Dul studies and the following video too: Dul. J. (2015) Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA): Logic
and methodology of “necessary but not sufficient”
causality. Organizational Research Methods (in press), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=62s51xQVkY8. If I can provide any assistance on this, please let me know.
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I am experiencing difficulty putting citations in author-year format. The Template says it uses natbib for author-year citations. However, when I use \citet{ID number}, It shows question mark in front of authors name.
Example:
Recently, a generalised neural network model was proposed by (author?) [1] for solving partial differential equations
The error is: Package natbib Warning: Author undefined for citation`raissi_physics-informed_2019' on page 2 on input line 134.
My reference:
@article{raissi_physics-informed_2019,
title = {Physics-informed neural networks: {A} deep learning framework for solving forward and inverse problems involving nonlinear partial differential equations},
volume = {378},
issn = {0021-9991},
shorttitle = {Physics-informed neural networks},
doi = {10.1016/j.jcp.2018.10.045},
abstract = {We introduce physics-informed neural networks – neural networks that are trained to solve supervised learning tasks while respecting any given laws of physics described by general nonlinear partial differential equations. In this work, we present our developments in the context of solving two main classes of problems: data-driven solution and data-driven discovery of partial differential equations. Depending on the nature and arrangement of the available data, we devise two distinct types of algorithms, namely continuous time and discrete time models. The first type of models forms a new family of data-efficient spatio-temporal function approximators, while the latter type allows the use of arbitrarily accurate implicit Runge–Kutta time stepping schemes with unlimited number of stages. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated through a collection of classical problems in fluids, quantum mechanics, reaction–diffusion systems, and the propagation of nonlinear shallow-water waves.},
language = {en},
urldate = {2022-01-31},
journal = {Journal of Computational Physics},
author = {Raissi, M. and Perdikaris, P. and Karniadakis, G. E.},
month = feb,
year = {2019},
keywords = {Data-driven scientific computing, Machine learning, Nonlinear dynamics, Predictive modeling, Runge–Kutta methods},
pages = {686--707},
file = {ScienceDirect Snapshot:/home/hell/Zotero/storage/62WUGXLX/S0021999118307125.html:text/html},
}
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One year latter, I am having the same problem. Please, did someone find a solution?
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This unwelcome email made it into my inbox, and since I like to keep my inbox free of unwelcome spam, I am starting a thread on this particular publisher so that I hopefully will never receive an "invitation" from this particular "publisher" again. The email has many if not all the hallmarks of a typical email sent from a predatory publisher.
Trends in Anatomy and Physiology (ISSN: 2640-7752) | DOI: 10.24966/TAP-7752 | Google Scholar| NLM ID: 101731839 | Scientific Indexing Services ID: 6732
Dear Dr (My Name),
I hope this mail finds you well.
We would like to inform you that we have sent you mail earlier, but we did not receive any response from you. So, we are taking liberty to resend this mail.
We were quite impressed with your prior work, and we believe that your contribution to the journal will help to further expand its scholarly reach.
It gives us great pleasure to ask you to contribute some interesting articles for publication in the upcoming issue to our journal Trends in Anatomy and Physiology
Submission date: March 30, 2023.
If this is a short notice, please do send short review or a short commentary (or other type of article).
Please submit your manuscript as an attachment to this mail (Contact address of the supposed journal)
Waiting for your positive response.
Regards,
(Name of the supposed sender of the email, probably a fake name anyway)
Herald Scholarly Open Access
USA
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I just received a similar email,
and what made me especially angry was that they claimed to have an impact factor, which would mean that they are being listed by Web of Science. That is definitely not the case. At their website they specify that what they call "impact factor" is their own calculation based on Google Scholar.
The predatory journal scene is getting more and more ruthless it seems.
Here's a copy of the email I received:
"Dear Dr. Eerik Soares Mantere,
Greetings!
Hope you are doing well.
Journal of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine is a bimonthly Journal with Impact Factor 1.5*
We would be more grateful if you can submit a short review or a short commentary (or any type of article) related to your previous Article entitled “A protocol for a systematic review of social dimensions of resilience in older adults”
It would be great if you could submit in June. So that I could process it for the Upcoming Issue. I request you to submit it by June 11, 2024.
Note: We will extend the date of submission as per your convenience.
Articles can be sent to [email protected]
Please provide me your acceptance for the same.
Warm Regards,
Mia Jasmine
Journal Coordinator | Journal of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine (ISSN: 2381-8662)"
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When preparing an article, you cannot change geographical names, species names and especially similar words in methodology. Can you share your thoughts on this issue?
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For publishing transformation related method I need name of some journals without costing us Article Processing Charges. Kindly help.
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There is a serious problem about the authors of a recent publication of my reasearch team. Wrong authors have been automatically registred in ResearchGate : Angelo Castrorao Barba, Pilar Diante-Blasco, Manuel Castro-Priegi, Giuseppe Bazan, etc...
I removed these wrong names yesterday, and I put the correct names as in the following reference:
LE VOT, T.; COHEN, M.; NOWAK, M.; PASSY, P.; SUMERA, F. 2024. Resilience of Terraced Landscapes to Human and Natural Impacts: A GIS-Based Reconstruction of Land Use Evolution in a Mediterranean Mountain Valley. Land 2024, Special issue Resilience of Historical Landscapes, 13, 592. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13050592
Unfortunately the error is remaining in your database, and I received this morning a mail referring this paper as written by Castrorao et al. (see joined image). This error is only found in the ResearhGate system, the Doi number is correct, the reference has been saved correcty in the Hal-cnrs system (hal-04566042, version 1), with my ORCID number (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3411-2647) and on the Google scholar website.
On the Google website, wrong references from ResearchGate are mixed with the correct reference by MDPI, the errors refer to the name of the authors and to the title.
Please, could you solve this problem urgently, delete these wrong references in your system, and change the number of reads and recommandations to my account ?
Thank you in advance
Marianne Cohen and co-authors
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Please note that you wrote to the ResearchGate community, not to the RG team. However, it is not worth writing to the team. They receive too many such requests. Note that it may last a little bit longer than a day to change the list of authors. Did you follow the instructions in https://help.researchgate.net/hc/en-us/articles/14292798510993-Authorship (section "Adding, editing, and removing co-author information")?
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Regarding the nomenclature of galactans found in agarophytes, which is the correct name for the polysaccharide: "agaran" or "agar"? Why is there so much confusion about the use of this term?
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Yes, it'd be an agaran. Partially ciclated. If you want to know the exact structure you'll need to do a few more things. (D/L aminoalcohol derivate GC/MS, NMR, methylation analysis, etc...)
To condsidere it an agaran de 3,6-anhydrogalactose must belong to de L-series. With that information, report it as galactan could be the most proper and safe definition. Also depends of the specie analized.
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Dear Sir/Madam,
I hope that this email finds you well.
My name on the paper entitled "Fertility Table and Thermal Requirements for the Development of Callosobruchus maculatus (F) Reared on Different Legume Seeds" is wrong. I am the first author, and my name is Ahmed Rashed, not Ayman Rashed, as mentioned in the original paper at the Journal"of Plant Protection and Pathology, Mansoura University., Vol. 15 (1):25–31, 2024. Please ensure that and correct my name on the paper.
Best regards,
Rashed
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You will have more success using the Help Center function of ResearchGate than posting your request in an open forum.
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I always encounter polycyclic compounds at work but I do not see many resources explaining how to name them. I know the basic of naming of bicyclic compounds (the ones placed inside square brackets) which helped me figure out the naming of polycyclic compounds. The latter uses exponents in their notation. For example, the name of the first compound is tricyclo[4.3.1.1^{3,8}]undecan-4-amine (the supposedly exponents are inside the brackets "{ }"). How are the 3 and 8 assigned?
The second compound is named 6-(propan-2-yl)-4,5-diazatricyclo[6.2.2.0^{?,?}]dodeca-2(7),5-dien-3-one. The supposedly exponents do not show due to typographical error. How is the exponents for this one determined?
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According to IUPAC, the procedure is as follows:
1. Find the largest possible cycle (in red) = the main cycle that has more atoms on one side (black spheres, first number in square brackets) and fewer atoms on the other side (red spheres, second number in square brackets).
2. Find the main bridge (i.e. the link on the main cycle that divides it into the smaller and larger number of atoms) so that it has as many atoms as possible outside the main cycle (blue spheres). In the second case it is clear, in the first case both bridges have one atom, but the black one has priority in numbering. This main bridge will be the third number in the square bracket.
3. Find the side bridge (the only one left). This will be the fourth number in the square bracket (turquoise spheres) with the exponent of the two atoms that make up the secondary bridge.
In the second case, the bracket will be as follows: [6.2.2.0exp2.7].
I don't know if that is clear enough. Hope it helps...
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Hello,
I am the author, as is Anne-Françoise Dusart, but our names do not appear on the technical report. How can we change this?
Thank you
Joëlle Mottint
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Yes, Yes, we've just solved the problem. Thank you very much.
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One of the authors names appear wrongly or I don't know how. So i'm kindly asking your support so as to replace his name with eth correct author name.
Wrong Name: Mohamed Sharaf
Correct name: Nadia Mohamed Sharaf
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See "Adding, editing, and removing co-author information" in https://help.researchgate.net/hc/en-us/articles/14292798510993-Authorship for instructions how to correct this.
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..
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Lol
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name of my eldest son
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Kareem
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I am reaching out to inquire about water benchmark values for specific processes within the potash industry, namely carnallite decomposition, sylvinite washing, and vacuum-cooling crystallization. As part of my research, I am interested in obtaining water benchmark values expressed in cubic meters of water per ton of potash product. I would greatly appreciate any insights or data you could provide on this matter.
Additionally, I am seeking water benchmark values for the phosphate mining industry, specifically expressed in cubic meters of water per ton of rock phosphate product. If you have any information or resources related to water benchmarking in the phosphate mining sector, I would be grateful for your assistance.
Furthermore, I am interested in exploring water benchmarking software for the potash and phosphate mining industry. If you are aware of any software solutions or companies offering such tools, I would appreciate your recommendations or insights.
If you are unable to assist with my inquiries directly, I would be grateful if you could direct me to any relevant information sources, publications, or industry contacts where I may find the information I am seeking. Many thanks.
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It offers a robust solution for measuring water benchmarks and managing environmental data in the potash and phosphate mining industry
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Can I make a phylogenetic tree from multiple plant biological name within the family, or, from distant family?
Thanks in advance.
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Thanks a lot Qi Guo.
In case, I only have the biological name of the plants, the sequence data is not available or the plants are not well sequenced, is there a way to build phylogenetic tree using only those biological names?
Thanks again.
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I want to know the scientific name of this species of "dragonfly" photographed by my friend the photographer Giacomo Pugliese in Oman last month?
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A thousand thanks. Roberto.
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Are Mark/Marc the same name spelled differently? How do call them from the terminological viewpoint? Homophonic forenames? Cognates from Latin Marcus? What are they? What about Steven and Stephen?
What if Marc is not an English word at all? Marc is actually the Welsh spelling of Mark. So in terms of the question, are they English homophones? I don’t think so. Homophones, but not English homophones.
What about Shaun/Sean then? Or even Seaghán, Seón, Shaun, Shawn, Seann, Seaghán, Shaine, Sean? The name is Irish, the various spellings appear to be transliterations into English of Seaghán. Alternative spellings are just that, not homophones?
I have no doubts about Gene / Jean which are a genuine homophone. One is Masculine, the other feminine. Those are not alternative spellings. Similarly, Jean may be pronounced as Gene or as Jan (similar to the French) and is a genuine homograph. As a masculine it may even (exceptionally) be pronounced John, and is still a homograph.
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I think that the problem is cultural, and it is arbitrary then; linguists have solved the problem by THE ROMATIZATION OF NAMES? THEY PROPOSE A UNIVERSAL SPELLING SHAPE (STANDARD). take the case of the sound /f/ in French/ sometimes it takes the spelling "ph" like in the following words: telephone, pharmacie, photo,,phobie,........ etc
this point makes learning French vocabumary spelling more annoying for begginers , isn't it?
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Paleontology/mammalogy/taxonomy colleagues! Does anyone have a complete citation (or, in a perfect world, a PDF) for Nordmann, 1850, the paper in which the Tribe Camelini was named?
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Nicholas; Pardon me! I submitted an answer to a different question.
Sorry, Jim Des Lauriers
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My name is Dr. Oyeyemi Omolayo OLADIMEJI and the co-author name is Dr. Gbolaro Babatunde OLORODE. I will appreciate if it can be rectified.
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Please note that you wrote to the ResearchGate community, not to the RG team. However, users are expected to apply corrections themselves. I guess you mean the paper https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378847947, for which some automated algorithm has added wrong author names. See "Adding, editing, and removing co-author information" in https://help.researchgate.net/hc/en-us/articles/14292798510993-Authorship for instructions. See also "How do I edit my research item's details?" in https://help.researchgate.net/hc/en-us/articles/14293081125777-Reviewing-editing-and-featuring-your-research.
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My experimental environment is Linux6.1, and the real-time patch preempt_rt has been applied to improve the real-time performance of the network.
I checked the relevant papers and saw a lock mentioned in the paper, as shown by the arrow in the attached picture (the original link is here: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8501912/citations?tabFilter=papers#citations)
The paper shows that when the interrupt processing thread of the network card driver enters the softirq mechanism of the CPU, the thread will try to acquire the softirq_lock lock.
However, I did not find a variable named softirq_lock in the source code. Can anyone tell me what the name of this lock is in the source code? Thank you! ! This has been bothering me for two months
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I'm no Linux expert, but have you tried looking at:
There's quite a bit about soft irq locking there.
Other than that, I'd google 'linux 6.1 forums' and try looking or asking on the forums that turn up there. Apologies if you've already tried these things!
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I cannot find a means of attaching the document (a paper I published) to the message from the person who made the request.
Alternatively, could you provide an email address for the requester, who has provided a name but no address.
Derek Mottershead
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See "How do I respond to full-text requests?" in https://help.researchgate.net/hc/en-us/articles/14292986311825-Discovering-and-requesting-research for instructions how to send a document. Alternatively, you may open the profile of the user who requested the document and use the blue "Message" button. For data security reasons, ResearchGate does not display or provide email addresses of users.
By the way, please note that you wrote to the ResearchGate community, not to the RG team.
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One with my previous position as Lecturer of Clinical Pathology in Fayoum University and the other with my current position as Associate Professor of Clinical Pathology in Fayoum University.
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It is better to have one updated profile of yours, compared to having many profiles on Research Gate. You can manually update the information in one profile you want to use in the future.
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How can I add the name of the journal in which my articles are published?
Как я могу добавить название журнала, в котором опубликованы мои статьи, если РесерчГейт это название не находит?
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Thank you very much! I will definitely use your advice.
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Hello,
I performed a Correspondence analysis on species count data associated with 2 illustrative (qualitative) variables. the problem is that the data set is : (i) relatively small and (ii) I have concatenated two factors in one (i.e: Health state (binary) - the name of a species (3 different species)) as one supplementary variable.
I expected to get Dim 1 & Dim 2 to be represented each by one of the two supplementary variables but the results were different as I got Health state on the first Dim along with the second additional illustrative variable and the second Dim explained by the name of the species.
I'm confused! should I continue interpreting or perform an ACM?
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Take a closer look at your data to understand its characteristics better. Are there any outliers or unusual patterns that could be affecting the results? Exploring the data visually or through other statistical techniques may provide insights into why the analysis is producing unexpected results. Then, you could consider performing additional analyses such as an Alternating Least Squares Correspondence Analysis (ALSCAL) or a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA). These may provide different perspectives on your data and help you understand the relationships between variables better.
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The research gate url for a lab consists of the name of the lab + the name of the lab's head - can't it be limited to the nameof the lab?
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It can be added as they have contributed to the making of the article
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I tried to include the name of the periodic where I have published an article. However, the name wasn´t on the list and I could not include it.
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Let me see maybe I can be of help Flavia Marini Paro
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I have notice that my last name is misspelled and I would like to change it to the correct one: Monica Torreiro-Casal. Thanks
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please have a look at the following page of the RG help center:
and follow the instruction with respect to edit your account name.
Good luck and
best regards
G.M.
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as above
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Thanks so much Wolgang!Have a wonderful day 😊
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Paradigm
Scientific results, at least those generated by individuals holding positions at universities or at publicly financed research institutes, should be openly accessible to all people worldwide.
Reality
In order to be able to access a publication, often a fee will be charged by the publisher. For open access publication the authors have to pay quite a lot of money, and many researchers are simply not able to achieve this. Certainly the main community of researchers is not at all happy with this situation.
During the last decades, publishing -- fortunately ! -- changed from costly print versions to much cheaper electronic versions. Meanwhile it is quite easy to set up an electronic journal and ... to make money with such a business ! Not rarely a publisher tends to not taking peer review seriously, since rejecting a submission means less income. Quite a number of journals and publishers have meanwhile even been classified as "predatory" and an author should better check carefully, to which journal she/he should submit her/his work.
Let me briefly report a case, in which I have been -- and I am still -- involved. The original publisher of the Journal of Generalized Lie Theory and Applications (GLTA) was Astralgo Science in Estonia. In those days I was asked to join the Editorial Board. Later this journal moved to Ashdin Publishing, then OMICS and finally Hilaris, alleged "predatory" publishers according to quite a number of sources in the internet. Apart from a strange description under "About the Journal", on the GLTA website
we read
"Fast Editorial Execution and Review Process (FEE-Review Process)
Authors who are willing to publish their articles under this mode can make a pre-payment of $99 towards express peer-review and editorial decision. First editorial decision in 3 days and final decision with review comments in 5 days from the date of submission."
It should be obvious to any serious scientist, that this is not compatible with any reasonable peer review process. I asked the publisher to remove my name from the Editorial Board and at least one of the Editors-in-chief followed me. No response at all and no action. Lately GLTA even published total nonsense articles under the name of respectable scientists who had nothing to do with it !
Long ago I had rejected several submissions to GLTA that landed on my desk. But since many years I have not received anything anymore from the editorial office. The editors-in-chief should know, which of the published papers actually went through a peer review process.
Authors in general have to transfer copyright to the publisher and lose their own right in this way.
Why we should not pay publication fees and also not fees for open access publishing
As the above example in my opinion clearly shows, this could drive the publisher to decrease the level of scientific quality.
It is also not understandable that an author has to pay for keeping the right to her/his own work.
What shall we do ?
A major revolution in scientific publishing has been the creation of the arXiv by Paul Ginsparg in 1991. Of course, we also have to thank Donald Knuth for his ingenious TeX and Leslie Lamport for the somewhat more user-friendly LaTeX.
We should only take submission to a journal into consideration, if the publisher allows us to store a corresponding preprint version in the arXiv. There are even journals (like Communications in Mathematical Physics) which require that authors send their work to the arXiv prior to submission.
Posting in the arXiv also allows other scientists to send private comments to the authors, which offers a chance to improve their work. I'm typically waiting at least a month from arXiving a paper to submission to a journal.
Some authors send their work from one publisher to the next until it gets published somewhere, without prior posting in the arXiv. This occupies editors and referees and should not be considered a decent scientific behavior in my opinion. Isn't it a bit sneaky ?
The availability of a preprint version (which can even be updated) in the arXiv makes payment for open access publishing redundant, in my opinion.
How to maintain scientific quality ?
Sure, the arXiv is a great thing, but we do need services to maintain and increase scientific quality.
There are "overlay journals" like SIGMA, strongly connected with the arXiv. Perhaps this is a substantial part of the future of publishing.
In my opinion, a good quality of scientific publishing can in fact only be achieved via a good editorial board, which has full rights to decide about publication or rejection. There are certainly also questions concerning the way of constituting an editorial board, election of members, choice and quality of referees, etc. But this is a more restricted problem.
If we are asked to join the editorial board of some journal, we should think twice and check the journal carefully. If it makes a good impression, this does not mean that this will be so forever. In particular not if there is a publishing business behind it.
But the publishers need financial support to maintain servers, infrastructure, editorial services
First, we should not forget that also the arXiv needs funding ! It seems that the system works well presently, but perhaps the scientific community should support it even more.
In my opinion, scientific publishing, as a business and at least in the realm of journals, has no future. More public funding will be necessary to establish and maintain an independent academic publishing structure.
Clearly a lot has already been written about scientific publishing and the problems connected with it. I did not read it all, sorry ! But I do hope that I did not miss some of the most important aspects.
Take care !
Folkert
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As the world turns: scientific publishing in the digital era
"The printing press changed everything, although we know this only in retrospect, The world usually sleepwalks through technological revolutions of historic proportions. So much has already changed in scientific publishing that it is tempting to think we have reached a new equilibrium. In my view it is highly unlikely, although I am not wise enough or bold enough to say when today’s rapid evolution will pause and in what state it will leave the process of communicating research results. I rather doubt it will leave scientific publishing in a form that is recognizable to today’s researchers -- or even whether anything like today’s research scientist will even exist as a job title. 150 years ago there was no such job description. An unsettling thought, yes. But periods of historical transition are always unsettling..."
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Hello,
I'm seeking recommendations for safe and reliable software to anonymize CT scan images for research.
While DICOMCleaner has been our go-to for removing DOB, names, and other PHI, it's become outdated and prone to frequent crashes. Your suggestions would be greatly appreciated.
Thank you in advance.
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Hi all,
I am trying to harmonise taxonomic information in a dataset from a biodiversity study. So far I've tried several functions within the taxize package in RStudio.
I was referring to Grenié et al. (2022) ( )for best practices and got the impression that the R package taxize is one of the most reliable tools for this task.
However, many users report issues with this approach where repositories (e.g. Encyclopedia of Life) have suspended or limited their support for these services, rendering them unusable.
Hence my question: what R packages and online repositories do folks prefer to use to harmonise taxonomic data?
I appreciate your time to read my question and am grateful for any help you may provide.
All the best,
Giulio
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We used a custom-made R wrapper of taxize and rgbif (https://github.com/pozsgaig/CaraFun/blob/main/Data_cleaning/function_checkSpecies.R) for finding GBIF IDs and taxonomy for old taxon names for our Carabidae - Fungus association paper.
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I'm trying to run transistor IV measurement, especially Vg sweep. I've been successful in programming other equipments such as Agilent 4156c, Keithley 2400 sourcemeter, etc, so now I'm trying to program Agilent B1500A.
I connected my laptop with B1500A using GPIB-USB-HS, and I installed all drivers needed. I confirmed that B1500 responsed IDN command using NI-VISA Test Panel.
Moreover, I found this website that could help me program B1500A with python in my laptop.
According to this website, I used the code as below and finally I tried to run this, and the error 'VisaIOError: VI_ERROR_TMO (-1073807339): Timeout expired before operation completed.' occured in ''# set data output format (required!)
b1500.data_format(21, mode=1) #call after SMUs are initialized to get names for the channels''.
However, even without the line above,
''# choose measurement mode
b1500.meas_mode('STAIRCASE_SWEEP', *b1500.smu_references) #order in smu_references determines order of measurement'' also results the same error.
This error might caused by the former line, and does anybody know the solutions for this?
I'd really appreciate it if anybody could help me.
Thank you.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
import pyvisa
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from pymeasure.instruments.agilent import AgilentB1500
# Define your instrument's VISA resource string
instrument_visa_address = "GPIB0::17::INSTR"
# Initialize PyVISA resource manager
rm = pyvisa.ResourceManager()
# Open a connection to the instrument
try:
instrument = rm.open_resource(instrument_visa_address, timeout=100000)
print(f"Connected to instrument: {instrument.query('*IDN?')}")
except pyvisa.VisaIOError as e:
print(f"Failed to connect to instrument: {e}")
exit()
# Initialize Agilent B1500A instrument
b1500 = AgilentB1500(instrument)
# explicitly define r/w terminations; set sufficiently large timeout in milliseconds or None.
b1500=AgilentB1500(instrument_visa_address)
# query SMU config from instrument and initialize all SMU instances
b1500.initialize_all_smus()
# set data output format (required!)
b1500.data_format(21, mode=1) #call after SMUs are initialized to get names for the channels
# choose measurement mode
b1500.meas_mode('STAIRCASE_SWEEP', *b1500.smu_references) #order in smu_references determines order of measurement
# settings for individual SMUs
for smu in b1500.smu_references:
smu.enable() #enable SMU
smu.adc_type = 'HRADC' #set ADC to high-resoultion ADC
smu.meas_range_current = '10uA'
smu.meas_op_mode = 'COMPLIANCE_SIDE' # other choices: Current, Voltage, FORCE_SIDE, COMPLIANCE_AND_FORCE_SIDE
# General Instrument Settings
# b1500.adc_averaging = 1
# b1500.adc_auto_zero = True
b1500.adc_setup('HRADC','AUTO',6)
#b1500.adc_setup('HRADC','PLC',1)
#Sweep Settings
b1500.sweep_timing(0,5,step_delay=0.1) #hold,delay
b1500.sweep_auto_abort(False,post='STOP') #disable auto abort, set post measurement output condition to stop value of sweep
# Sweep Source
nop = 11
Vg_start = -0.5
Vg_stop = 2.0
Vg_steps = 20
Vds_values = [0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0]
Vg_values = []
Ids_values = []
for Vg in np.linspace(Vg_start, Vg_stop, Vg_steps):
b1500.smu3.ramp_source('VOLTAGE','Auto Ranging',Vg, stepsize=0.1, pause=20e-3)
#type, mode, range, start, stop, steps, compliance
for Vds in Vds_values:
b1500.smu4.ramp_source('VOLTAGE','Auto Ranging',Vds, stepsize=0.1, pause=20e-3) #type, mode, range, start, stop, steps, compliance
#Start Measurement
b1500.check_errors()
b1500.clear_buffer()
b1500.clear_timer()
b1500.send_trigger()
# read measurement data all at once
b1500.check_idle() #wait until measurement is finished
data = b1500.read_data(2*nop) #Factor 2 because of double sweep
# Append gate voltage and drain current values to lists
Vg_values.append(Vg)
Ids_values.append(data[0][3])
# Plot Vg-Ids graph
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6))
plt.plot(Vg_values, Ids_values, marker='o', linestyle='-')
plt.xlabel('Gate Voltage (V)')
plt.ylabel('Drain Current (A)')
plt.title('Vg-Ids Characteristics')
plt.grid(True)
'''
#alternatively: read measurement data live
meas = []
for i in range(nop*2):
read_data = b1500.read_channels(4+1) # 4 measurement channels, 1 sweep source (returned due to mode=1 of data_format)
# process live data for plotting etc.
# data format for every channel (status code, channel name e.g. 'SMU1', data name e.g 'Current Measurement (A)', value)
meas.append(read_data)
'''
#sweep constant sources back to 0V
b1500.smu3.ramp_source('VOLTAGE','Auto Ranging',0,stepsize=0.1,pause=20e-3)
b1500.smu4.ramp_source('VOLTAGE','Auto Ranging',0,stepsize=0.1,pause=20e-3)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Hello,
Do you find a solution?
I am trying also to program B1505A using python, and I can't find ressources for it.
Thanks
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Subject: Discover Sustainability: Call for Papers – Topical Collection Name (IF: 2.6) (Springer Nature)
Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms (PGPMs): Applications and Mechanisms in Sustainable Agricultural, Horticultural Sciences and Soil Science
Springer Nature is launching a new series of open access journals, the journal "Discover Sustainability" being one of them. Discover Sustainability is a completely open access journal, which means that its contents are freely available and can be accessed by a world audience.
I am currently serving as a Guest Editor and would like to invite you and your team to contribute to my Topical Collection titled " Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms (PGPMs): Applications and Mechanisms in Sustainable Agricultural, Horticultural Sciences and Soil Science ". I believe that your research would be a great fit for this Topical Collection.
[Short instruction for the TC]
The submission deadline for this collection is 31/10/2024. You can submit your manuscript any time before that, and all articles published by Discover Sustainability are made freely and permanently accessible online immediately upon publication. You can access the Topical Collection homepage via the following link:
To submit your manuscript for consideration at Discover Sustainability as part of this Topical Collection, please follow the steps detailed on this Submission Guidelines. When submitting a manuscript, you will need to indicate that you are submitting your manuscript to a Collection. To do so, on the ‘Topical Collection Name " Topical Collection from the drop-down list. Authors should also express their interest in the Collection in their cover letter.
If this Call for Participation receives your favorable consideration, we look forward to our future collaboration.
Best wishes,
Dr. M. H. Shahrajabian
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Hi! I got divorced so I changed back to my maiden name. How to add to my profile? It’s now Grace van Leeuwen/ Grace Caroline van Leeuwen
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Click on your picture in the upper right hand corner. Click on “Edit” just right of your name. At the bottom there is an “Edit name” button.
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I highlighted the area where name and picture should be shown. thank you
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Your operating system is Windows 10. In my opinion, this is possible only in Windows 11, when you have a Microsoft account or email.
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I want to know the exact scientific name of this butterfly photographed in March in Abruzzo (central Italy)?
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Merci beaucoup à tous.
Thank you very much everyone.
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I want to add my publications to my profile, but two of them were added to another person with name like me.
How can I claim for those publications that they are mine?
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See "A researcher has wrongly claimed co-authorship of my publication" in https://help.researchgate.net/hc/en-us/articles/14292798510993 for instructions how to correct this. But unlike this help page suggests, most probably it was not the other author himself who wrongly claimed authorship, but ResearchGate's automatic algorithm wrongly identified him as the author and assigned your publication to his profile. This is a frequent problem in ResearchGate in case of similar names.
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Gon
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Gon
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The paper I have just uploaded is Lost but not forgotten in the Victorian Historical Journal.
I need to edit the title, which has my name at the end, rather than the full title.
This is:
Lost but not Forgotten: J.A. Gilfillan’s Painting of
Captain Cook’s Landing in 1770
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Go to
My Profile>Research>Select Publication>More>Edit>Make Changes>Save
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I've attached two images. One has Elsevier's name on the journal's cover and Wolters Kluwer's on the other.
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Dear Koushik Majumder According to https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/annals-of-medicine-and-surgery the journal is no longer hosted/owned by Elsevier (since 2023).
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How can I correct wrong entries in ResearchGate, e.g. misspelled author names or citation of the wrong journal?
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See "How do I edit my research item's details?" in https://help.researchgate.net/hc/en-us/articles/14293081125777-Reviewing-editing-and-featuring-your-research for instructions. See also "Adding, editing, and removing co-author information" in https://help.researchgate.net/hc/en-us/articles/14292798510993-Authorship. Concerning the indication of the journal among the bibliographic details, see my reply to this question: https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_can_I_add_the_name_of_the_journal_where_my_article_is_published_when_the_name_of_the_journal_is_automatically_cancelled. My reply contains also a proposal what to do in case of a missing journal title in ResearchGate's database. If you mean wrong citations of other publications: Unfortunately, it is not possible to edit these. Incomplete and sometimes wrong identifications of citations by RG's automated algorithm is a frequent problem.
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The URL assigned for my researchgate landing page is incorrect - it has my name wrong. How do I correct it to reflect my correct name?
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It does not seem possible to change the URL "by hand". My observation is that RG's algorithm compiles the URL from the first and the last names, adding a number in case of dublicate names of users. Cf. the URL of my account: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Wolfgang-Dick-3
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Good afternoon
How can I find out the full name of my profile and edit it if necessary?
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I am using the Springer Nature template and have chosen the sn-basic.bst document class for citations because I need the APA style format. However, I've noticed that this class automatically sorts the bibliography list based on the names of the authors, and I actually need the bibliography to be sorted according to the order of citation. How can I modify this sorting order?
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I created the required bibliography style using latex makebst tool
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Contrary to the name of this website, there are no researchers here. Only unrecognized geniuses. Why is that ?
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A delusion is an irrational belief or conviction that is persistently upheld despite evidence to the contrary, and it is usually highly personal and improbable, relating to cultural or subcultural disapproval. It involves speaking nonsense, uttering absurdities, and believing in unreal things and unrealistic thoughts. Types include:
a. Bizarre delusion: Involves delusions that are impossible to occur.
b. Mood-congruent delusion: Involves delusions that are congruent with the individual's mood.
c. Mood-incongruent delusion: Involves delusions that are incongruent with the individual's mood. For example, a person experiencing depression claiming to have the power to save the world.
d. Grandiose delusion: Involves delusions of grandeur. Despite evidence to the contrary, the individual irrationally believes themselves to be much more capable, knowledgeable, important, valuable, prestigious, or successful than they actually are.
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Dear Colleagues,
The name of this "academic fraud" is Karen Jones.
Avoid at any cost.
Please read.
Regards,
Mirzakhmet Syzdykov, MSc
Satbayev University
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I am pretty sure this “Karen Jones” is not real, a bit like the Hi I am so and so that pops-up at various websites (all AI generated I guess). The thing is that indeed the journal and publisher is full of ‘issues’:
-The journal “International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Applications” (IJCSMA) is published by Pulsus Healthtech LTD which is part of the Pulsus Group
https://www.pulsus.com/pulsus-profile.html a ‘publisher’ with a bad reputation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsus_Group especially because they are owned by OMICS Publishing Group, one of the notorious examples of a predatory publisher.
-Their indexing info (https://www.ijcsma.com/indexing.html ) misleadingly suggests a UGC Care indexing which is not true (I checked this here https://ugccare.unipune.ac.in/apps1/home/index )
-They mentionin their indexing info “GIF” this is a notorious example of a so-called misleading metric (https://beallslist.net/misleading-metrics/ ) often used by predatory journals/publishers
-The prominently mentioned impact factor is fake since by definition you can only talk about an impact factor when the journal is indexed in one of Clarivate’s indexes, whether a journal is indexed can be checked herehttps://mjl.clarivate.com/home
Not sure whether you had certain unpleasant encounters with them but the overall message is indeed: avoid.
Best regards.
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I wish to find the doi of the article from journal's name, volume, and page. I believe that these information can uniquely determine the article ID (DOI). But as far as I searched with Google, no useful information is available. Google Scholar is not so convenient from this viewpoint. For me, it is tedious to repeat going to the journals' homepage and enter the vol. and pg. Thanks in advance for your kind suggestion,
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Finding a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) based on the journal’s name, volume, and page can be straightforward. Here are some steps you can take:
  1. Check the First Page of the Article: When you open a journal article on a database, the DOI is usually clearly visible. Look for it on the first page or near the publication date. The DOI might be formatted as “doi:10.1080/02626667.2018.1560449” or as a URL like "https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2018.1560449"1.
  2. Database Landing Pages: Some databases provide a “stable URL” that functions similarly to a DOI. For example:Taylor and Francis Online SAGE journals JSTOR (Note: JSTOR uses a different format, but their “stable URL” works like a DOI)1.
  3. Crossref: If you cannot find the DOI using the above methods, consider checking Crossref. Paste relevant information (such as author names, article title, journal name, volume, and page) into the “Search Metadata” box on the Crossref website. If the DOI exists, it will be displayed. If not, you can use a URL instead2.
  4. Citation Styles:APA Style: In APA citations, DOIs should be included whenever available. You can find the DOI on the first page of the article or the copyright page of a book. If you cannot find it, omit it from the citation. In the 7th edition of APA, format DOIs as URLs with “https://doi.org/” preceding the DOI. Harvard Style: When referencing a journal article in Harvard style, include the DOI if available3.
Remember that DOIs play a crucial role in scholarly communication, making it easier to retrieve and cite works. If you encounter any difficulties, consider reaching out to the journal or using Crossref to locate the DOI. Happy researching! 📚
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Does someone knows what's the full name of Eisenia rosea (Savigny), including the publication year and whether or not auteur and publication year should be in between brackets.
Best wishes,
Chantal Martens
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Many thanks for your answer! This really helps me.
Best wishes,
Chantal
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I learned that multiple researchers were successful obtain MOOCs datasets from Stanford via the CAROL website: https://datastage.stanford.edu/. The data request form was placed at http://carol.stanford.edu/research. However, recently the domain name carol.stanford.edu as well as the Center for Advanced Research through Online Learning (CAROL) disappeared on the Internet. Consequently, I have no way to request for my needed datasets.
Do you know another URL to submit the data request form, or any alternative solution/repository to obtain some MOOC learners' interaction data from well known course on Coursera or edX?
Thanks in advance
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Jayashree Ganeshkumar sad, okay, thank you very much for the resources
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I have created a data matrix from a CSV file In R. But whenever I try saving the data matrix in .RData format or CSV format and reload it again, the "is.numeric(data_matrix) returns FALSE. the argument returned TRUE before saving in CSV or RData format.
The commands i tried for saving are:
write.csv(data_matrix, file = "matrix.csv") #not numeric
write.csv(data_matrix, "data.csv", row.names = FALSE, col.names = FALSE) #matrix numeric but column names changed to 1,2,3,4.....
write.csv(data_matrix, "data.csv", row.names = TRUE) #not_numeric
The commands used for reloading are:
data <- read.csv("data.csv", header = FALSE, sep = "\t")
Please suggest something. The format of the data matrix is like the CSV file attached.
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is this what you want?
tmp <- read.csv(
'c:/data/numeric.csv',
header = T,
row.names = 1
)
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Hello
Dear researchers
I have difficulty in finding reviewers names in Journals during submission of manuscript.
Where can I find their names ?
Please help
Thank you.
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i think several journals perform 'blind' reviews. So it's not need to look for who is the name.
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If you must advice farmer in terms of frost management for a Peach, what will you take into account?. Name and discuss five (5) passive methods of frost protection and five (5) active methods that can be considered?
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A variety of passive and active methods exist to minimize the harmful effects of frost.on a frame to prevent frost damage. Mulching around the base of the peach tree can protect it from frost damage. Wrap peach tree trunks with insulating material to protect your trees. Hang strings of lights in your peach trees to add warmth and ward off frost. The best ways to protect your peach trees from frost include covering them with blankets or row covers but Don’t allow the covers to touch the trees.
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How to add manually a conference poster co-author to the publication page if that co-author is not at RG? The problem I have with this is that it seems to be impossible to add someone who is not listed as a previous co-author or collaborator. When creating a publication page for a conference poster, it is possible to select only the authors who appear in an automatic list, but not to enter their names manually. A request to change the author list in the existing publication page also does not work (the request is rejected). Maybe someone knows what to do in such a situation?
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This is possible, I did this earlier and tried it right now again. Go to "Edit" (see "How do I edit my research item's details?" in https://help.researchgate.net/hc/en-us/articles/14293081125777-Reviewing-editing-and-featuring-your-research), under "Authors" click into the line "Add more authors", ignore the proposed list and type in the name. It may last a second or more until you will be able to type in something. In other cases, click on "Request edit" under "Authors". (I do not know exactly why the edit page differs in this respect, it may depend on how the research item page was created, by yourself or automically by ResearchGate's algorithm.)
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Help me fix error "modulenotfounderror: no module named 'keras'". Python: 3.11.7; Tensorflow: 2.15.0; Keras: 2.15.0. Update both of them on the latest version but cannot work.
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Thank you for your help. I asked AI, it said Keras only supports 3.9 and below, not yet supporting Python 3.12. So I reinstalled python 3.9 and the error was resolved
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According to changing the spelling of my name in international passport (George, Gerogiy and Heorhii) it was changing my name in the published papers. So, the papers the last two decades have not been included in my profile. Is it possible to do something for correction this mistake/missing/misunderstanding? For example, to include all 3 names in my profile?
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Dear Heorhii Leonid Volkov Do realise that most likely (most of) your papers are already present in RG, see for example
You can try to claim authorship.
If not you can try to contact the RG team.
Best regards.
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I have done my PhD final submission in Forensic Science at LPU, Punjab, India. My topic was from the field of Forensic Entomology and Entomo-toxicology. I want to pursue Post-doc from Foreign University. Can anyone please suggest?
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I am also interested in forensic entomology, i used some papers from Teresa Lilly White , she worked about mass graves in Balcan wars ( Bosnia and Kosovo)
try to contact her, and please send me your papers to read.
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أخاطب السيدة المذكورة باسم
Sarah Ayman
بحذف اسمها من على الأبحاث الخاصة بى لأن هذا يعد انتحال علمى وسوف نبلغ جامعة
حلوان بذلك
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Dear Ayman Taha If you look at you can see it is not uploaded by one of the (co-)authors.
It is done automatically and most likely the RG algorithm has assigned it to the wrong name because of the similarity between your name and the other name.
I guess you can do two things, claim the authorship:
and include an alternative name in your profile to increase the chance that the RG algorithm will assigned papers belonging to you mor correctly:
Best regards.
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We ask you to kindly change the information of the first name written incorrectly as Sarah Ayman to the correct name as listed in the article, Ayman S Taha.
Sincere thanks and appreciation.
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Dear Ayman Taha ,
you have to chage your account name by yourself...
For instructions to do that, please go the following RG help-page:
Go to the section 'Changing your account name' and follow the instructions there...
Good luck and
best regards
G.M.
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I am a co-author of the article:
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202142242
This article is presented on the RG by the research item:
in which not all authors are listed (only 21 among 36).
Because of this mistake in the metadata, 15 researchers (including me) cannot verify their authorship. How can I add missing authors to this research item?
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See "I’m having trouble confirming authorship of my publications" in https://help.researchgate.net/hc/en-us/articles/14292798510993-Authorship for instructions.
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Hi all,
my name is masooma and I am doing PhD I have developed a model for particles sizes obtained from DSL exp values but now I want to do some error analysis for the calibration . My supervisor told me to get some research paper that describes the acceptable range of errors in this field but I am not finding exactly relevant paper can anybody help me in this issueI shall be extremely thankful to you
topic: error analysis and acceptable error range in modelling particle size distribution i emulsion technology … oil in water emulsions
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You have posted one discussion and one question in the forum which is confusing as they contain different information. I will append the same answer to both your question and discussion.
One quotation to begin with: '... as Sir Cyril Hinshelwood has observed ... fluid dynamicists were divided into hydraulic engineers who observed things that could not be explained and mathematicians who explained things that could not be observed' James Lighthill http://www.kurims.kyoto-u.ac.jp/EMIS/journals/IJMMS/22/4667.pdf
Qualifying acronyms is very important in science, and you have written ‘DSL’. I am assuming that this is the Spanish equivalent to DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering). If it isn’t, then please let us know. You claim that you have agreement with the distributions, but you do not specify which points in the distribution you are comparing – typically the extremes of the distribution are prone to larger variation (note that I use the term ‘variation’ and not ‘error’. This is an important point to understand. Error assumes someone or something is at fault. Variation can be the natural variation in a system due to its inherent heterogeneity).
DLS is a powerful but low-resolution technique. It is a first-principles technique, so instruments are verified, not calibrated. Verification is via an accepted certified traceable standard material. In your case, there are many latex standards that can be used to verify the performance. The ISO and ASTM standards in this area (excellent reference documents) recommend a known standard in the 100 nm but you can use many others in the 20 – 1000 nm region. DLS initially provides an intensity distribution and the z-average and PDI (polydispersity index) are the most robust parameters. Are you using these for comparison? The generation of number-based statistics from it is ‘deprecated’ in the ISO standards and the conversion from intensity to number should never be undertaken. DLS does not ‘count’ particles.
Important documents discussing the potential variation in the technique are:
  • ASTM: E2490-09(2021) Standard Guide for Measurement of Particle Size Distribution of Nanomaterials in Suspension by Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (PCS)
In this standard, Section 7.1 Verification is important. There is a precision and bias section (Section 10) within this document in which the 3 NIST RM 801x (nominally 10, 30, and 60 nm Au colloid) and 2 G6 dendrimers were examined. These indicate practical values of ~ < 5% variation for reproducibility. This document can be purchased from ASTM.
  • ISO: ISO 22412:2017 Particle size analysis Dynamic light scattering (DLS)
In this document Section 10.1 System Qualification is important. Fore reference materials acceptable variation is stated the be 2% (repeatability) & 5% (reproducibility). For real-world materials (such as yours), these values must be significantly increased. This document can be purchased directly from ISO or your local standards authority.
Another useful document is the NIST publication indicating how an uncertainty balance was conducted on the SRM1693 100 nm latex standard via Differential Mobility Analysis (DMA). This shows what can and should be factored in. It may be a little optimistic for real-world materials. I attach 2 documents from George Mulholland that may be useful.
A general chapter (obtainable from the author through RG) may be useful:
Chapter 12: “Instrument qualification and performance verification for particle size instruments” in “Practical Approaches to Method Validation and Essential Instrument Qualification” Eds: Chung Chow Chan, Herman Lam, Xue-Ming Zhang (Wiley) 2010
A couple of webinars may be helpful for general considerations (free registration required):
• International standards in particle characterization
Deals with material and documentary standards in particle sciences
• Instrument performance verification in laser diffraction
This deals with concepts such as repeatability, reproducibility, and robustness – the 3R quality markers for particle size measurements.
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I use Chun Li and Lucy Li exchangeable for publications. How can I add both names under my profile to help search and update my authorship?
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Dear Lucy Li You can add an alternative name, see https://help.researchgate.net/hc/en-us/articles/14292798510993-Authorship go to "How do I confirm authorship of research that I published under a different name?"
Best regards.
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What is the Ultimate Goal of the Word of any Prayer?
Commitment
+ Prayer in Judaism aims to adhere to the instructions of the traditional Jewish prayer book "Siddur."
+ Prayer in Christianity (Lord's Prayer) aims at commitment. It was recommended by Jesus when the disciples asked him how to pray, and it is mentioned in the Gospel.
+ Praying to idols in pre-Islamic times aimed to adhere to their belief through education and habituation.
+ Prayer in Islam is aimed at divine commitment and is the first act of worship for which a Muslim will be held accountable on the Day of Resurrection, and it is made obligatory on the night of Meraaj (Ascension). Prayer has been mentioned in the Holy Qur'an in more than one place. For example, it was stated in Surat Al-Mu'minun: (Prosperous are the believers, who are humble in their prayers.) In addition, in the words of the Almighty, Glory be to Him, in Surat Al-Kawthar, verse No. 2: "Therefore, turn in prayer to your Lord and sacrifice (to Him only)." Also, the Almighty said in Surah Al-A'la: "And glorify the name of their Guardian-Lord, and (lift their hearts) in prayer." Also, God Almighty said in Surat Taha, verse 14: "Indeed, I am Allah. There is no deity except Me, so worship Me and establish prayer for My remembrance." Abdullah bin Qart said, quoting Muhammad, peace and blessings of God be upon him, said, "The first thing for which a servant will be held accountable on the Day of Resurrection is prayer, and if it is good, all of his deeds will be good, and if it is corrupt, all of his deeds will be corrupt.
+ Prayer in Hinduism, Buddhism, and other religions aims to adhere to their beliefs in education and habituation. It is recorded in their books and practices.
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Am in agreement with your key factor of real commitment Mohamed Fayad
As prayer builds the relationship between G-d and human beings, we should do it with total concentration on God-there should be nothing else in our mind, because the purpose of prayer is to transform oneself. This understanding, to seek the shelter of the protective shield of our creator, is rooted in the conception of divine simplicity.
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Dear all,
I am currently working on the simulation study of a complex whose ligand cannot be automatically parameterized. I have been using AMBER to do the parameterization, and now I have obtained the .lib for the ligand. I want to load the parameter to the complex to prepare the input file for simulation. After changing the residue and chain name of the ligand in the complex PDB, I did:
tleap -f oldff/leaprc.ff99SB
>source leaprc.gaff
>loadamberparams deoxyFeb.frcmod
>loadoff deo.lib
>complex = loadpdb deoxyCom.pdb
and it added missing heavy atoms that are not included in the parameter lib. (the whole message is as tleap.txt)
how should I deal with the problem and prepare the input file for MD?
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The steps are explained in detail in the Amber Tutorial:
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As part of the project we are currently working on, "Social and Motivation Effects of Virtual Reality in Distance Education," we are looking for a reliable data source for a database of distance education (fully online, not blended) in Europe.
We are specifically looking for databases from reliable sources of individual EU countries (e.g., from the Ministry of Education), providing data on universities offering distance education (university name; name of the study program/field; type of study like bachelor's, master's, doctoral; language of instruction; duration of study, etc.
We would be very grateful for any provided source or advice.
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I would recommend to check EADTU. It is a network of European universities that are involved in open and distance education. While it may not provide a database of distance education programs across Europe, it could offer insights, reports, or links to relevant resources that might be helpful for your research.
While I did a quick search on EADTU, I found this link https://eadtu.eu/index.php/members through their sitemap. Hope you can get some data from there.
Also this website in particular you can get filtered data depends on the fields, level etc.
Good Luck on your research. !
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I am writring my dissertation on lexicology, based on word-formation processes in english in the dialogues of the novel We Need New Names written by Noviolet Bulawayo. I want to focus on metaphor
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knowing that word-formation studies the structures and the meaning of words, as well as the rules and patterns that govern their formation. So metaphore is related top word formation because it involves changing of the context of an existion word or expression to make new word or expression. So i want to study the metaphorical aspects of the dialogues used in the novel.
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Academia has lots of silly little faults that ought to be simple to fix. For example:
Why are PDF downloads not associated with the author's name and date of production? This is a problem particularly with texts that did not get published in a conventional journal.
What happens when an author dies? There should be provision for updating that person's profile, in case anyone wants to ask that author a question.
How can I expunge duplicate mentions of a publication from my profile's list? Is there a way to put them in chronological order?
Humble users like me need a way to communicate with whoever maintains Academia's Internet system.
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My problem: I paid a ridiculous, four-digit sum to Academia. They copied our entire ResearchGate roster to their own. We observed a flow of our papers there which asymptotically approached zero. We did not renew.
We uploaded more of our work to RG, and sought a RG portal where we might contribute.
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My name is misspelled in one of the articles and it is not showing up in my google scholar profile. How to fix this issue? It is very crucial to me for immigration purposes.
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Dear Vaijayanti Das Which journal and paper are you talking about?
Did you claimed the paper here on RG and add it to your profile (I saw that not all your papers are included here on RG).
Best regards.
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Hello, someone with my name has taken my article, how can I get my articles back?
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These two articles are for me, someone has assigned my name to them
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In particular, I have few papers with spelling Agranovskii. Thank you
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Add this alternative spelling to your account. See "How do I add an alternative author name?" in https://help.researchgate.net/hc/en-us/articles/14292898263057 for instructions. However, this is only important for claiming authorship of papers. Independently of the spelling in the original paper, ResearchGate will always display your name with the main spelling you indicate in your account. But readers will see the alternative spelling when they open the full texts of your papers.
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I have found an article in Research gate that my name as an author, unfortunately i never publish that manuscript to anywhere. How to report to remove the article?
attached together is the article.
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Indeed, this paper is available at ResearchGate (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/375130605), but not attached to your profile. You may try to contact RG's support team at https://help.researchgate.net/hc/en-us/requests/new asking to delete it from RG, but I am convinced they need proof that this is a fake paper published without your consent. More important is to remove it from <https://www.guinnesspress.org/publication/journal/cie/5230401>. It seems to be the very first paper in a new journal. I do not know wether Guinness Press is a predatory publisher. If yes, they will hardly react to your complaints. Do you know the second author of this paper? He is at the same university as you, and you should contact him. Is the subject of the paper from your field of research? If yes, does the content make any sense to you? Perhaps it was written by Artificial Intelligence as a compilation of snippets from the Internet.
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a person with whom I share the first and last names was able to insert his middle name replacing my middle name initial on my publications and lis all on your site
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See "Another researcher has claimed my publications" in https://help.researchgate.net/hc/en-us/articles/14292798510993 for instructions how to correct this. But unlike this help page suggests, most probably it was not the other author himself who wrongly claimed authorship, but ResearchGate's automatic algorithm wrongly identified him as the author and assigned your publication to his profile. This is a frequent problem in ResearchGate in case of similar names.
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previous works are genuine works. But published in predatory journals(few are naming them as predatory).What to do. In the same journal I can publish again. But what is the use??
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Any how it is now it is published in
Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology Vol.10 No.1,  January 30, 2024
DOI: 10.4236/jhepgc.2024.101022
Thank you all
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Years back, I have taken notes from that book for my ug assignment, but I missed to note down the author’s name.
Now, I need the book for further reference. I searched a lot but i could not find it.
I could not get the book without knowing the author’s name.
BOOK DETAILS
TITLE: TEXTBOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY
CHAPTER 29: TOOLS OF FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY ON PAGE 1021
If anyone knows the author details and the edition of the book, please share it.
Thank you in advance.
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Thank you so much sir.
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Hello,
I'm writing paper and used various optimizers to train model. I changed them during training step to get out of local minimum, and I know that people do that, but I don't know how to name that technique in the paper. Does it even have a name?
It is like simulated annealing in optimization, but instead of playing with temperature (step) we change optimizers between Adam, SDG and RMSprop. I can say for sure that it gave fantastic results.
P.S. Thank you for replies but learning rate scheduling is for leaning rate changing, optimizer scheduling is for other optimizer parameters, in general it is hyperparameter tuning. What I'm asking is about switching between optimizers, not modifying their parameters.
Thanks for support,
Andrius Ambrutis
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In Machine alearning event, this week, I had a conversation with some leading scientists and reply was that it can be called Optimizers Switching or I can just name it in different name in research paper. I think I will stick with Optimizer Switching (OS).
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In at least two of mi papers it appears the name Eduardo Almaraz (in this web) instead my name Elena Almaraz Luengo. The papers are:
- Elena Almaraz Luengo; Antonio Gómez Corral. Number of infections suffered by a focal individual in a two-strain SIS-model with partial cross-immunity. Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences. 42 - 12, pp. 4318 - 4330. Wiley, 07/05/2019. https://doi.org/10.1002/mma.5652
- Elena Almaraz Luengo; Antonio Gómez Corral. On SIR-models with Markov-modulated events: length of an outbreak, total size of the epidemic and number of secondary infections. Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems Series B. 23 - 6, pp. 2153 - 2176. (Estados Unidos de América): AMER INST MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES-AIMS, 06/2018
How can be corrected this in this webpage?
Yhank you in advance.
Dra. Elena Almaraz Luengo
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See "Another researcher has claimed my publications" in https://help.researchgate.net/hc/en-us/articles/14292798510993 for instructions how to correct this. But unlike this help page suggests, most probably it was not the other author himself who wrongly claimed authorship, but ResearchGate's automatic algorithm wrongly identified him as the author and assigned your publication to his profile. This is a frequent problem in ResearchGate in case of similar names.
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Dear Admin
I just looked at my article entitled :
The wrong co-author is listed, it should be Danendro Adi (https://scholar.google.co.id/citations?user=4SuNRUUAAAAJ&hl=en)
To immediately remove the name https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Deden-Adi-Lesmana as the co-author of the article above
regards
INDA ARIESTA, S.Sn., M.Sn.
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See "A researcher has wrongly claimed co-authorship of my publication" in https://help.researchgate.net/hc/en-us/articles/14292798510993 for instructions how to correct this. But unlike this help page suggests, most probably it was not the other author himself who wrongly claimed authorship, but ResearchGate's automatic algorithm wrongly identified him as the author and assigned your publication to his profile. This is a frequent problem in ResearchGate in case of similar names.
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Dear colleagues,
According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (Chapter 12, Article 60, especially 60.3 entitled "Junior homonyms without synonyms"), the substitutes for homonymous names lacking valid synonyms, are designated with the new “author name” and a “new date”
A representative example is the following paper:
Kittel, R.N. 2016. Eighty-nine Replacement Names for Braconidae and Ichneumonidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea). Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 22 (2): 161–174.
I believe this approach is not logical. Those who describe a new taxon, such as a genus or species, invest considerable effort in specimen collection, taxon study, proving the novelty of the taxon, taxon description, illustration, identification key, and distinguishing it from closely related taxa. Moreover, during the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries, communication systems and the availability of scientific publications were not as advanced as they are today. Therefore, some of the scientific names become homonymous, especially at the species level.
Article 60.3 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-code-online) is as follows:
60.3. Junior homonyms without synonyms
If the rejected junior homonym has no known available and potentially valid synonym it must be replaced by a new substitute name, with its own author and date; this name will then compete for priority with any synonym recognized later.
It simply dedicated an authorship to someone who simply suggested the new name. Do you find this article logical?
What is your opinion on this matter?
Kind regards,
Ali Asghar Talebi
p.s.: I mentioned Dr. Kittel's paper as an example, and I know that she is a distinguished expert on the systematic of Ichneumonoidea.
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In European Chrysidoidea only a few species have been renamed in this way, usually after the original genus was synonymised according to modern insights. A more unsatisfactory situation are several detailed descriptions of newly discovered species, of which the author assumed it had been already described. These descriptions are rejected by the code because no new name was published. This will encourage authors to publish any specimen that is not recognised as a new species, without investing time in extensive research.
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..
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Dear Doctor
"Neural Networks are networks used in Machine Learning that work similar to the human nervous system. It is designed to function like the human brain where many things are connected in various ways.  Artificial Neural Networks find extensive applications in areas where traditional computers don’t fare too well. There are many kinds of artificial neural networks used for the computational model.
Top 7 Artificial Neural Networks in Machine Learning
1. Modular Neural Networks
2. Feedforward Neural Network – Artificial Neuron
3. Radial basis function Neural Network
4. Kohonen Self Organizing Neural Network
5. Recurrent Neural Network(RNN)
6. Convolutional Neural Network
7. Long / Short Term Memory"
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Dear
Recently I received an email from Research Gate saying that a person named Hayleen Garcia co-authored some of our publications, but that is not correct. One example of that is: Expression of genes coding for selected amino acid transporters in small intestine, liver, and skeletal muscle of pigs fed excess branched-chain amino acids (Genetics and Molecular Research Journal). The actual names of the authors are: Miguel Cervantes, Nestor Arce, Héctor García, Margarita Cota, John K. Htoo and Adriana Morales. Apparently, Hayleen García pretends to be Hector García. There are five more papers with the same false claims. The title page of those publications shwocased in the Research Gate web site had the whole name of that person (Hayleen García), but these journals include only the first name initials.
Thus, this person seems to be committing fraud by pretending being Héctor García.
Please be aware of this apparent publication fraud by Hayleen García. Can Research Gate do anything to prevent this kind of situation? Thanks
Miguel Cervantes
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See "Another researcher has claimed my publications" in https://help.researchgate.net/hc/en-us/articles/14292798510993 for instructions how to correct this. But unlike this help page suggests, most probably it was not Hayleen García herself who wrongly claimed authorship, but ResearchGate's automatic algorithm wrongly identified her as the author and assigned your publication to her profile. This is a frequent problem in ResearchGate in case of similar names. I would be able to send you several dozen similar complaints by RG users.
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In recent times, I have accumulated some evidence that some academics may be using their peer reviewer or editor vouchers as part of a trade for authorship, almost like a Ponzi scheme. The basic gist of the scheme is as follows: you peer review or serve as editor for journal A. You get a voucher, which offers either a discount on APCs for a future submission, or you might even get a voucher that gives you a free submission to select paper types. There is a catch. The vouchers have an expiry date!
So, from what I can appreciate (publishers' names not indicated for obvious reasons) is that as the expiry date approaches, those peer reviewers and editors (i.e., the ones with no ethical scruples) approach authors (or potential authors, known or unknown), inviting themselves to be co-authors of papers in exchange for them being able to pay the APC (or part of it), or to get a free paper published. That's scheme 1.
Scheme 2 is as daring, and no less unethical. Authors (known or unknown to the peer reviewer or editor) approach that peer reviewer or editor who likely has a discount voucher (e.g., for APCs) or free-to-publish voucher (not unlike Monopoly's get out of jail card for free card), with the proposal to the peer reviewer /editor to be a co-author (guest author) on their paper in exchange for the peer reviewer or editor's voucher!
How does this translate into a Ponzi scheme and thus authorship and citation circle? Would-be authors are encouraged to become peer reviewers (even if they are not suitably qualified) because they will get discount vouchers which they can use legitimately, or illegitimately (e.g., in exchange for a trade in citations or authorship). Corrupt peer reviewers and editors use their power to accumulate vouchers, which they then trade for authorship (and possibly cash). The size of the Ponzi circle just gets larger and larger.
Are the journals and publishers involved complicit? The evidence I have is that they are, in two ways: 1) they ignore or look the other way; 2) they fail to initiate an ethical investigation with the trading author / peer reviewer / editor; 3) they fail to inform the public, other authors and editors and peer reviewers of such schemes.
Share your knowledge on this topic, your views or your experiences. Take care when naming journals, publishers or specific individuals (all responsibility lies with commentators).
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For this topic I found interesting mail in my spam box from [email protected]
Dear friend, Greetings! I apologize for the inconvenience caused by this email. I consider myself fortunate to have the opportunity to communicate with you. I came across your contact information in the journal and I am interested in publishing some papers in the same journal. I kindly request your assistance in this matter and I am willing to offer you a token of gratitude. For instance, if you include my name in your articles, I will provide you with a thank you fee. I understand that this email may come across as presumptuous, but I have a need to publish numerous papers every year. If you are willing to assist me, we can establish a long-term cooperation. I assure you that I am sincere in my request. If my email has offended you in any way, please accept my apologies. I eagerly await your response. Warm regards, Claire E-mail: [email protected]
The mail is sent by Aurora SendCloud platform.
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how can I change cluster names from (1,2,3) to (x,y,z)?
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Hello Firat,
The answer depends on how your cluster information is stored. As this hasn't been specified, I can only offer general guidelines.
For example, is cluster information is saved as a vector of case numbers from a data frame? For example, if cluster_1 = c(32, 95, 104, 215, 307) where "32" means case #32 in the data frame or matrix. In this case, just copy the vector to a new vector with the desired name: x = cluster_1.
Is cluster information saved as a data frame? For example, columns represent the clusters (1, 2, ... k), rows represent cases (1, 2, ... N or 0, 1, ... N - 1) and values are nominal for cluster membership (0/1 or FALSE/TRUE)? In this case, rename the columns with the desired names, e.g., colnames(X) = c('x', 'y', 'z'), where "X" is the target data frame.
Do you mean, within the output of a specific R library function (e.g., hclust)? The answer will depend on the specific function and its restrictions. You can always start with the command, help(name_of_library_function), to access information about that function, e.g., help(hclust).
Good luck with your work.
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Leslie Kish formular or Leslie Fischer's formular? What is the actual nomenclature? Are these names used interchangeably? The Literature isn't helping to clarify at all.
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Andrew Paul McKenzie Pegman great advice, why bothering with sample size calculations, power considerations, taking into account model complexity or sampling strategies. One size fits all. Shame on all reasearchers who dared to have larger sample sizes, what a waste of ressources and especially money. *irony off*
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I kindly notify that ResearchGate must consider the difference among the author's first names written only with one capital letter. It is obvious that published articles labeled only with surnames, are very confusing about differentiating their authors. Because of that the SCI is inevitable for scientific platform, a new approach is needed to label the articles also with the first names.
Technical scientist: SELÇUK SOYUPAK, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, KTO Karatay University, Konya,Türkiye
Medical scientist: SÜREYYA SOYUPAK, Çukurova University, Medical School, Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Adana, Türkiye
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It is an insufficient way to label any published article with a surname only because:
1. A surname is a generic name, including other names allows for specificity, and;
2. A lone use of a surname may be misleading.
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Dear Colleagues, I have a problem with my Google Scholar account. A person at a Malaysian university added my papers to his account because he had a name similar to my academic name.
What is the best solution in this case? I cannot add published papers to my account.
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Hi,
DFT is widely used to predict Material Properties, I wonder to what extend is it relevant in the study of solar cell, namely the phonon and heat transfer.
Thank you
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Hey there Said Laaroua ! So, you Said Laaroua wanna know about Density Functional Theory (DFT) and its super cool powers when it comes to solar cells? 🌞
Well, let me tell ya Said Laaroua - DFT is like the magic wand that helps us understand how materials work at the atomic and electronic levels! 🔮
You Said Laaroua see, DFT can predict the electronic structure of materials, which is like the secret sauce for solar cell performance. By analyzing the electron density and energy levels, we can figure out how efficiently a material can turn sunlight into electricity. It's like having a crystal ball for solar cells! 🔮
But wait, there's more! DFT isn't just a one-trick pony. It can also delve into the vibrational properties of materials, including phonons. 🌊 These vibrations are like the waves that transfer heat within the solar cell, and DFT helps us understand how they work. It's like having a built-in heat transfer expert for solar cells! 💡
In short, DFT is like a trusty compass for engineers, guiding them towards designing the most efficient solar cells possible. It's like having a high-tech GPS for solar cells! 🚀 So, here's to the brilliant world of DFT and its ability to make solar cells even more awesome! 🎉 Cheers!
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Someone else diksha name is there
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Jürgen has an impressive understanding of Indian, especially South Indian, naming customs. I do highly recommend ORCID which is becoming almost universally adopted by scientific journals and funding agencies for unambiguous identification of researchers.
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Scientists around the planet discover some part of the Divine Science and give their name of that discovery. When are we going to admit that God created the universe with Divine Laws?
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The way this question is phrased seems impregnated with a predetermined theistic conclusion. It might be better to try to approach this question giving equal weight to all sides as a basis for a conclusion, as I have attempted to do in the attached, although I am sure it can be improved upon. On this basis, we may be able to point to what is most likely on the balance of probability.
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ResearchGate "found" lots of papers on which I'm not the author but share the same name with the actual author. There are over 100 of these! Is there a simple way to remove multiple papers or do I have to remove them one paper at a time?
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A publication in my profile doesn’t belong to me is well described topic at RG Help Center page:
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While browsing ResearchGate, I found that a paper I published is mistakenly registered as if it were authored by someone else with the same name. How can I request a correction for this?
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A researcher has wrongly claimed co-authorship of my publication is well described topic at RG Help Center page:
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i want to reclaim the authorship of my research paper in Research Gate
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See "Another researcher has claimed my publications" in https://help.researchgate.net/hc/en-us/articles/14292798510993 for instructions how to correct this. But unlike this help page suggests, most probably it was not the other author himself who wrongly claimed authorship, but ResearchGate's automatic algorithm wrongly identified him as the author and assigned your publication to his profile. This is a frequent problem in ResearchGate in case of similar names.
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THIS IS FAKE FAKE FAKE>>> ALERT ALERT ALERT See Original Link at the END of this post
*Journal Name: International Development Planning Review
Q2 ISSN: ISSN:1474-6743 | E-ISSN:1478-3401 Scopus Scopus link: https://www.scopus.com/sourceid/50171 Multidisciplinary
Cost 650 USD Time: 45-60 days
ORIGINAL 👇👇
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Great find, we cannot warn enough for these type of fraudsters. Indeed, no question the link for the original and legit version of the journal is https://www.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/journal/idpr
The link https://idpr.org.uk/index.php/idpr is fake. There are numerous indications for this:
-The SCImago logo is not linked to the real site (otherwise one would notice that SCImago mentioned a homepage that is linked to real the Liverpool University Press)
-Looking at the Scopus content coverage it is clear that the number of papers published in for example 2022 do not match with their (two) papers
-It took me literally 10 minutes to find papers in this fake journal that are already published in another journal:
Anam Khan, Dr Vipul Jain. "STUDY ON DIGITIZATION IN HR PRACTICES IN GLOBAL WORLD." International Development Planning Review 22.2 (2023): 343-350.
Anam Khan, Dr Vipul Jain. "STUDY ON DIGITIZATION IN HR PRACTICES IN GLOBAL WORLD." Journal of Research Administration 5.2 (2023): 9497-9503.
Pandey, Indra Mani, and Ritesh Patel. "HUMAN CAPITAL EFFICIENCY AND PROFITABILITY: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SELECTED SAVING AND CREDIT CO-OPERATIVE OF KAPILVASTU, NEPAL." International Development Planning Review 22.2 (2023): 21-30.
Pandey, Indra Mani, and Ritesh Patel. "HUMAN CAPITAL EFFICIENCY AND PROFITABILITY: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SELECTED SAVING AND CREDIT CO-OPERATIVE OF KAPILVASTU, NEPAL." Kalyan Bharati 36, XIX (2021), 103-110
-The fake one has no contact info (no physical address) and the rest of site is for a great deal non-functional
It remains amazing how bluntly these people try to mislead researchers.
Best regards.
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Hi, i tried to add my few of articles which already published in the listed journals
International Journal of Recent Research and Applied Studies
Indo American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Review
International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Modern Education
But while adding the journal names are not there, i cant able to add the journal name
Kindly help me out
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Good afternoon sir, separate column in the researchgate when your apload your article otherwise. Full article apload the researchgate. Thank you.
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I couldn't share the photos in the description directly so I told the story of my problematic PCR in the Question named document. Could you please share your opinion with me if you have enough experience in this field? I'd appreciate it.
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How large of a product are you expecting? 10 seconds is a very short extension time. Usual time is 30 seconds or higher (~1 min per kb).
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Sir In your book publications can you add my name because to become a professor we need book publications atleast four.How much money we have to pay for it.do reply me I will for your reply.
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You wrote:
Sir In your book publications can you add my name because to become a professor we need book publications atleast four.How much money we have to pay for it.
A publication, like the one you are looking for, must be the sole result of your scientific endeavor, not buying it!!!
With this opinion that you are on, how do you want to be a positive scientist or professor?! if you pay money for your name to be included in a publication, how do you want to help those future students? when you have not worked scientifically, what do you want to teach? and what students want to learn from you?!!!
First go and read about research ethics.
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Also, is there a way to convert SMILES into IUPAC or common name of the compound?
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Convert the txt format of the file to sdf by open Babel tool after cleaning it from "C1004... And P0809... Codes" and use them in shrodinger
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Possible applications of nanocomposites in electrical engineering
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Hey there Mohamed Koroma! When it comes to dielectrics, one degradation mechanism you Mohamed Koroma should keep an eye on is electrical breakdown. This occurs when the electric field strength across the dielectric material exceeds its dielectric strength, causing a sudden and rapid increase in conductivity. This breakdown can lead to permanent damage.
To enhance resistance against electrical breakdown in nanocomposites, one approach is incorporating nanoparticles with high dielectric strength. By dispersing these nanoparticles within the dielectric matrix, you Mohamed Koroma create barriers that impede the formation and propagation of breakdown paths, thus improving overall resilience.
Now, regarding applications in electrical engineering, nanocomposites bring a lot to the table. They can be employed in insulating materials for high-voltage power cables, capacitors, and transformers, offering improved dielectric properties. Additionally, they can enhance the mechanical strength and thermal stability of materials, making them suitable for a wide range of electrical components. The unique properties of nanocomposites make them a promising avenue for advancing electrical insulation technology.
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My article has been claimed by the same name (Panpan Pan,another account) from Peking University, which makes it impossible for me to claim my article to my repository, please help me to deal with it. Thank you.
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See "Another researcher has claimed my publications" in https://help.researchgate.net/hc/en-us/articles/14292798510993 for instructions how to correct this. But unlike this help page suggests, most probably it was not the other author herself who wrongly claimed authorship, but ResearchGate's automatic algorithm wrongly identified her as the author and assigned your publication to her profile. This is a frequent problem in ResearchGate in case of similar names.
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name the institutions or the websites to get the local weather data in india
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Hey there Aclin Merisha! To snag historical daily weather data for your locality in India, you've got a few solid options. Check out the following institutions and websites:
1. **India Meteorological Department (IMD):**
- The IMD is your go-to government agency for comprehensive and accurate weather data in India. They provide historical weather records, including daily data for various locations.
2. **National Climate Centre (NCC):**
- The NCC, under the IMD, is another excellent resource. They focus on climate-related information, offering historical weather data that might suit your needs.
3. **Weather Underground:**
- This website aggregates data from various sources, including personal weather stations. It's user-friendly and often provides historical weather information for specific locations.
4. **AccuWeather:**
- AccuWeather is known for its detailed weather reports. While it might not offer data as extensive as government agencies, it's worth a look for historical weather trends.
Remember, the reliability of data can vary, so cross-referencing from multiple sources is a good practice. Happy weather tracking!