Reasoning - Science topic

Agroforestry is considered and identified as a good land management practice. But most of the farmers prefer monoculture or mixed cropping system, But not agroforestry provide lots of tangible and non- tangible befit to the ecosystems. However it is not popular. Any reasons? .

The surface of the target may have gathered some coating at places during deposition. These spots seem to be little less conducting compared to the other fresh parts of the target. Will it be safe for the target if we try to clear this off via polishing with sand paper? If yes, then which grade of sand paper should be reasonable to use? Or are there some other better ways to clean in such cases?

Please ask if you need additional information.

I have been trying to isolate RNA from magur fish testis, at the end of RNA isolation, RNA pellets becoming gel when DEPC water is added, what could be the possible reason for that? What is the solution?

Hello. I am Bakhtier Rasulov. For many years I have been a member of the scientific and social network ResearchGate. My scientific publications amounting to about 50 articles were presented there. Today I discovered that none of my work is on the list. I don't know what is the reason for this. I kindly ask you to help me understand this issue. How to get articles back?

Since I received the new orders of this nichrome wire sold by Phymep but fabricated by A-M Systems, it is totally impossible for me (and for others) to build the twisted electrodes as usual without them breaking all the time... Lateron, I learned that the reason was a change in their fabrication, and in particular the coating. Thus, I cannot use this new wire at all but need the same as before to build my electrodes. Would you know another company fabricating it ?

kindly Share reason behind this error why only two S-parameter are coming?

Hello

When we pattern a mask in a wafer, after exposure we noticed that the length of our patterns in the center of our wafer is thicker in copmarison with edges of it.

What is the reason and the solution.

Thanks for your helps.

Thinking of journals as “low tier” or “high tier” is distracting from what you actually need to do, which is good work. Do your work as best you can, and publish in the fanciest journal that will accept your papers. Trying to over-optimize will lead to a lot of wasted time and lost productivity, which might end up hurting your chances for future jobs. And you also don’t want to give the impression that you’re more interested in the journal you publish in than in the work you do.

The main difference between a “high tier” journal and a “lower tier” one is that the high tier selects papers that have more surprising results, and are more likely to be wrong. You read that right — results in “fancy” journals such as Nature or Science are pretty often wrong, which makes sense given that they are “groundbreaking”. When doing groundbreaking work, it’s likely you’ll make a lot of mistakes; that’s the price you pay for going too far off the beaten path. Results that make it to more average journals are more mundane, but for that reason it’s also easier to make them more rigorous, and thus it’s less likely they’re wrong.

Remember also that no journal has dedicated reviewers. The people reviewing your work will be essentially the same, whether in Nature (impact factor >30) or in PLOS (impact factor about 3). So a fancy journal selects for how amazing your work sounds more than for how good it is.

That said, of course you want to stay away from the creepy “journals” that invite you to publish your work in them without getting your name right or having any idea what your work is about. It’s probably better to not publish at all than publish there. In some fields — like theoretical physics and most of math — people only really care about the results being available on a preprint server like the arXiv and don’t care where the work ends up being published. This is starting to become more popular in some areas of biology, too, with the bioRxiv (preprint server for Biology).

Another common sense thing to do is to first try publishing your work in a journal that’s just a bit fancier than you think your results are. If they reject your paper, go down the ladder. So if you’ve found a nice, new result that seems somewhat surprising, it’s worth considering submitting it to Nature or Science (or whatever the fancy journal of choice is in your field), just in case they like it. But if your work is a rather obvious extension of existing work, you might be better off heading for a more specialized journal that puts less emphasis on groundbreaking results.

I have done Impedance analysis of a pellet with silver pasted electrodes in Hioki3536 LCR meter, but my data is so messy and Zig zag, in nyquist plot. I have make the Pellet again an the data is showing the semicircular trend. Please explain to me the possible reason that can be for this, is my silver pasting is wrong, is there any reason from the Pellet formation, or any other possible reasons.

I am thrilled to announce that we have launched a new journal in the fields of TESOL and Applied Linguistics entitled "TESOL Today" which is published by EngiScience Publisher. I act as the Editor-in-Chief of the journal and I very much look forward to receiving your original contributions. TESOL Today has no processing or publication charges to be applied. For more information about the journal and details, please click on the link provided. https://engiscience.com/index.php/tesol

The first of its kind across Iraq and Kurdistan Region, this is an exciting time for me and for our fellow researchers as the launch of this new journal dedicated to the field of TESOL and Applied Linguistics has been long my dream come true to be launched in the region. The launch of this journal is a proper and dire need for the TESOL and Applied Linguistics researchers and community around the region. TESOL Today will serve as a publication intended for researchers in Kurdistan, Iraq and the rest of the world as well.

The founders of TESOL Today are dedicated and determined to the establishment of a high-quality international journal in the field. Our overarching goal is to be an international reputable journal that will be highly respected among the TESOL and Applied Linguistics community across the globe. That said, my colleagues and I do hope to achieve our goals within a relatively reasonable short period of time as I am fully supported by an excellent group of people which makes me convinced that we will be a desirable journal in the field of English language in education. I am truly excited to have this amazing opportunity to lead the journal as the Editor-in-Chief. Once again, I look forward to receiving original research articles from both local and international researchers in the field.

A bi-annual journal by EngiScience Publisher, TESOL Today invites research contributions across the broad spectrum of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) and Applied Linguistics. As an international, double-blind peer-reviewed, open-access platform, we are committed to showcasing cutting-edge studies. Our open access policy ensures that your research gains global visibility, becoming instantly accessible to a worldwide audience.

Editor-in-Chief,

Karwan Mustafa Saeed, PhD

Many times in physics, the equations accurately model certain aspects of reality, but the explanation is not compatible with philosophical truths. For example, in GTR, time is often believed to have begun with the universe and this violates reason: how did the universe begin without time? In the link shown below, I setup a framework in which logic is never violated, and the conclusions are compatible with STR, GTR, and QM. I would value your opinion on them. Thanks.

I need the reason why stored food crops become toxic to living organisms when eaten.

Summary:

The gender difference is determined in their last rings. Communication takes place through the North Pole of both.

Hints:

1- At the moment of connection, the north pole of both stars are in the same line.

2- In each of the stars, the two internal rotations must be opposite each other.

Example of reversed poles: like the planet Venus where the poles have changed.

3- Sperms are sent from the male North Pole to the female North Pole.

4- Any sperm that is thrown into the orbit around the female star will not be fertilized. But sperms that are in polar rotation are fertilized.

5- Mother star: rotating orbits of the north pole of the first male and the second female. And the rings are repeated between male and female.

According to the attraction of the male sperm in each circle, there will be a girl or a boy from the female star.

6- The rotation of sperm occurs only in the North Pole and around the vertical axis of the poles.

7- By increasing the mass of the sperm and speeding up the movement, the sperm is thrown out.

8- The born child has all the nuclear and rotational characteristics of the parents.

I explained the reason for the relationship and the reason for enjoying the relationship in an article.

I discovered a new nuclear model. This model of atoms and stars is the same.After presenting the nuclear model, I will go into the full description of the marriage of the stars, calculations and mathematical formulas in full detail.

Life, freedom, happiness.

Hello Everyone,

I conducted a study creating a pre-post one-group design (Pre-experimental) and stated only directional hypothesis (Alternative one). I received the comment from a reviewer as follows:

"Why did you prefer alternative hypothesis over the null hypothesis?"

I chose this unidirectional hypothesis because my Literature Reviews showed positive results in previous studies.

One statististician says it is okay. However, one expert says "Even if the review suggests a positive relation, we should work on the Null hypothesis".

I also ready a few research with only H1 for the same reason stated above.

Could there be any other explanations?

Please help me respond it with references.

Regards,

Saleem

Upon observing anyone’s innermost life, would character flaws always be found? How? Why? My answer: Yes because humans are bound to be the least ethical creatures among other reasons.

Sources:

Hello, I wonder about calculating the extinction coefficient of colorful solutions.

I measured the absorbance of some solutions with a UV-vis spectrophotometer (Left).

Using two relations, I calculated the absorption coefficient (α) and extinction coefficient (k).

The final k values of solutions I calculated are about 10^-4 ~10^-5.

I'm not sure whether the k values should be higher.

Please give me some advice if you have any ideas.

Thank you.

Hi! There was some kind of glitch on my ResearchGate page: the citations of my 104 articles, books and other publications suddenly turned out to be zero (see screenshot). What's reason of this surprise?

Regards, Dr. Mikhail Pletnev

Today morning my citation records were there, but now all citation records disappear. What is the reason?

Dear all,

For my last two experiments, my supposedly endothelial cells (differentiated from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, at passage ~35) have detached from Transwell inserts 1-2 days following seeding, looking as if I trypsinized them, and creating some cell clumps.

I expand (for 2 days) and differentiate (for 3 days) them in 48-well plates. Then I expose them to endothelial medium for one day. On the second day of endothalial medium, I transfer them to Transwell inserts that have been coated with Fibronectin and Collagen Type I. When I check 3-4 hours after seeding, I observe that they nicely attach. However, either the next day or the other day, they detach from the Transwells (Corning 3740) and I can't find the reason why.

In both of the experiments, I changed the media of the Transwells the following day after seeding. I inspected the cells both before and after the medium change. In one of them, the cells detached right after medium change although I aspirated the old medium very slowly (on the minimum speed of the vacuum suction and without touching to the membrane). In the other experiment, the cells were (mostly) fine after the medium change. But the next day after medium change (two days after seeding onto Transwells) they had detached.

The possibilities I could rule out are:

- There should be no problem with the medium contents/temperature/CO2 concentration/coating because I'm seeding the same cells to coated 48-well plates as well and applying the same conditions on them; and they stay healthy & alive.

- There is no contamination in the plates.

- It's not because they are over-crowded, I'm trying to form a monolayer indeed but they are sparsely distributed and thus they shouldn't be dying from over-confluency.

- I believe it is not about the force my medium change exerts on the cells either, because in one of the experiments cells looked fine after the medium change.

What do you think the reason could be?

Thanks in advance!

Aside from defining the disulfide bond, what other reasons could account for the significant difference in RMSD of the docked structure and co-crystal?

There are two graphs [a] is a multi-wall carbon nanotube and [b] is a carboxylated multi-wall carbon nanotube (functionalized). I think there is a problem with the result, especially with a graph and I don't know the reason. I appreciate it if you could help me.

Can we stop global climate change? Does human scientific power reach the world's climate change? How do researchers respond?

As you know, humans are very intelligent and can predict the future climate of the world with hydrology, climatology and paleontology. But don't countries, especially industrialized countries, that produce the most harmful gases in the earth's atmosphere and think about the future of the earth's atmosphere? Do they listen to the research of climatologists? What would have to happen to force them to listen to climate scientists?

Miloud Chakit added a reply

Climate change is an important and complex global challenge, and scientific theories about it are based on extensive research and evidence. The future path of the world depends on various factors including human actions, political decisions and international cooperation.

Efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change continue. While complete reversal may be challenging, important steps can be taken to slow progression and lessen its effects. This requires global cooperation, sustainable practices and the development and implementation of clean energy technologies.

Human scientific abilities play an important role, but dealing with climate change also requires social, economic and political changes. The goal is to limit global warming and its associated impacts, and collective action at the local, national, and international levels is essential for a more sustainable future.

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Osama Bahnas added a reply

It is impossible to stop global climate change. The human scientific power can not reach the world's climate change.

Borys Kapochkin added a reply

Mathematical models of increasing planetary temperature as a function of the argument - anthropogenic influence - are erroneous.

Alastair Bain McDonald added a reply

We could stop climate change but we won't! We have the scientific knowldge but not the political will. One could blame Russia and China from refusing to cooperate but half the population of the USA (Republicans) deny climate change is a problem and prefer their profligate life styles reply:

All climate change has been loaded on the CO2 responsible for the greenhouse effect. Therefore, there must be scientific experiments from several independent scientific institutes worldwide to find out what the greenhouse impact is on various CO2 concentrations. Then, there must be a conference from a reliable, professional organization with the participation of all independent scientific institutions to establish standards on CO2 concentrations and propose political actions accordingly.

The second action that can be done is to plant as many trees and plants as possible to breathe the CO2 and free the oxygen. Stop any deforestation and plant trees immediately in any bunt areas.

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Effect of Injecting Hydrogen Peroxide into Heavy Clay Loam Soil on Plant Water Status, NET CO2 Assimilation, Biomass, and Vascular Anatomy of Avocado Trees

In Chile, avocado (Persea americana Mill.) orchards are often located in poorly drained, low-oxygen soils, situation which limits fruit production and quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of injecting soil with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a source of molecular oxygen, on plant water status, net CO2 assimilation, biomass and anatomy of avocado trees set in clay loam soil with water content maintained at field capacity. Three-year-old ‘Hass’ avocado trees were planted outdoors in containers filled with heavy loam clay soil with moisture content sustained at field capacity. Plants were divided into two treatments, (a) H2O2 injected into the soil through subsurface drip irrigation and (b) soil with no H2O2 added (control). Stem and root vascular anatomical characteristics were determined for plants in each treatment in addition to physical soil characteristics, net CO2 assimilation (A), transpiration (T), stomatal conductance (gs), stem water potential (SWP), shoot and root biomass, water use efficiency (plant biomass per water applied [WUEb]). Injecting H2O2 into the soil significantly increased the biomass of the aerial portions of the plant and WUEb, but had no significant effect on measured A, T, gs, or SWP. Xylem vessel diameter and xylem/phloem ratio tended to be greater for trees in soil injected with H2O2 than for controls. The increased biomass of the aerial portions of plants in treated soil indicates that injecting H2O2 into heavy loam clay soils may be a useful management tool in poorly aerated soil.

Shade trees reduce building energy use and CO2 emissions from power plants

Urban shade trees offer significant benefits in reducing building air-conditioning demand and improving urban air quality by reducing smog. The savings associated with these benefits vary by climate region and can be up to $200 per tree. The cost of planting trees and maintaining them can vary from $10 to $500 per tree. Tree-planting programs can be designed to have lower costs so that they offer potential savings to communities that plant trees. Our calculations suggest that urban trees play a major role in sequestering CO2 and thereby delay global warming. We estimate that a tree planted in Los Angeles avoids the combustion of 18 kg of carbon annually, even though it sequesters only 4.5-11 kg (as it would if growing in a forest). In this sense, one shade tree in Los Angeles is equivalent to three to five forest trees. In a recent analysis for Baton Rouge, Sacramento, and Salt Lake City, we estimated that planting an average of four shade trees per house (each with a top view cross section of 50 m2) would lead to an annual reduction in carbon emissions from power plants of 16,000, 41,000, and 9000 t, respectively (the per-tree reduction in carbon emissions is about 10-11 kg per year). These reductions only account for the direct reduction in the net cooling- and heating-energy use of buildings. Once the impact of the community cooling is included, these savings are increased by at least 25%.

Can Moisture-Indicating Understory Plants Be Used to Predict Survivorship of Large Lodgepole Pine Trees During Severe Outbreaks of Mountain Pine Beetle?

Why do some mature lodgepole pines survive mountain pine beetle outbreaks while most are killed? Here we test the hypothesis that mature trees growing in sites with vascular plant indicators of high relative soil moisture are more likely to survive mountain pine beetle outbreaks than mature trees associated with indicators of lower relative soil moisture. Working in the Clearwater Valley of south central British Columbia, we inventoried understory plants growing near large-diameter and small-diameter survivors and nonsurvivors of a mountain pine beetle outbreak in the mid-2000s. When key understory species were ranked according to their accepted soil moisture indicator value, a significant positive correlation was found between survivorship in large-diameter pine and inferred relative high soil moisture status—a finding consistent with the well-documented importance of soil moisture in the mobilization of defense compounds in lodgepole pine. We suggest that indicators of soil moisture may be useful in predicting the survival of large pine trees in future pine beetle outbreaks. Study Implications: A recent outbreak of the mountain pine beetle resulted in unprecedented levels of lodgepole pine mortality across southern inland British Columbia. Here, we use moisture-dependent understory plants to show that large lodgepole pine trees growing in sites with high relative moisture are more likely than similar trees in drier sites to survive severe outbreaks of mountain pine beetle—a finding that may be related to a superior ability to mobilize chemical defense compounds compared with drought-stressed trees.

Can Functional Traits Explain Plant Coexistence? A Case Study with Tropical Lianas and Trees

Organisms are adapted to their environment through a suite of anatomical, morphological, and physiological traits. These functional traits are commonly thought to determine an organism’s tolerance to environmental conditions. However, the differences in functional traits among co-occurring species, and whether trait differences mediate competition and coexistence is still poorly understood. Here we review studies comparing functional traits in two co-occurring tropical woody plant guilds, lianas and trees, to understand whether competing plant guilds differ in functional traits and how these differences may help to explain tropical woody plant coexistence. We examined 36 separate studies that compared a total of 140 different functional traits of co-occurring lianas and trees. We conducted a meta-analysis for ten of these functional traits, those that were present in at least five studies. We found that the mean trait value between lianas and trees differed significantly in four of the ten functional traits. Lianas differed from trees mainly in functional traits related to a faster resource acquisition life history strategy. However, the lack of difference in the remaining six functional traits indicates that lianas are not restricted to the fast end of the plant life–history continuum. Differences in functional traits between lianas and trees suggest these plant guilds may coexist in tropical forests by specializing in different life–history strategies, but there is still a significant overlap in the life–history strategies between these two competing guilds.

The use of operator action event trees to improve plant-specific emergency operating procedures

Even with plant standardization and generic emergency procedure guidelines (EPGs), there are sufficient dissimilarities in nuclear power plants that implementation of the guidelines at each plant must be performed in a manner that ensures consideration of plant-specific design features and operating characteristics. The use of operator action event tress (OAETs) results in identification of key features unique to each plant and yields insights into accident prevention and mitigation that can be factored into plant-specific emergency procedures. Operator action event trees were developed as a logical extension of the event trees developed during probabilistic risk analyses. The dominant accident sequences developed from a plant-specific probabilistic risk assessment represent the utility's best understanding of the most likely combination of events that must occur to create a situation in which core cooling is threatened or significant releases occur. It is desirable that emergency operating procedures (EOPs) provide adequate guidance leading to appropriate operator actions for these sequences. The OAETs provide a structured approach for assuring that the EOPs address these situations.

Plant and Wood Area Index of Solitary Trees for Urban Contexts in Nordic Cities

Background: We present the plant area index (PAI) measurements taken for 63 deciduous broadleaved tree species and 1 deciduous conifer tree species suitable for urban areas in Nordic cities. The aim was to evaluate PAI and wood area index (WAI) of solitary-grown broadleaved tree species and cultivars of the same age in order to present a data resource of individual tree characteristics viewed in summer (PAI) and in winter (WAI). Methods: All trees were planted as individuals in 2001 at the Hørsholm Arboretum in Denmark. The field method included a Digital Plant Canopy Imager where each scan and contrast values were set to consistent values. Results: The results illustrate that solitary trees differ widely in their WAI and PAI and reflect the integrated effects of leaf material and the woody component of tree crowns. The indications also show highly significant (P < 0.001) differences between species and genotypes. The WAI had an overall mean of 0.91 (± 0.03), ranging from Tilia platyphyllos ‘Orebro’ with a WAI of 0.32 (± 0.04) to Carpinus betulus ‘Fastigiata’ with a WAI of 1.94 (± 0.09). The lowest mean PAI in the dataset was Fraxinus angustifolia ‘Raywood’ with a PAI of 1.93 (± 0.05), whereas Acer campestre ‘Kuglennar’ represents the cultivar with the largest PAI of 8.15 (± 0.14). Conclusions: Understanding how this variation in crown architectural structure changes over the year can be applied to climate responsive design and microclimate modeling where plant and wood area index of solitary-grown trees in urban contexts are of interest.

Do Exotic Trees Threaten Southern Arid Areas of Tunisia? A Case Study Indian Journal of Ecology (2020) 00(0): 000-000 Plant-plant interactions

an afforested steppe planted This study was conducted in with aims to compare the effects of exotic and native Stipa tenacissima trees (and , respectively) on the understory vegetation and soil properties. For each tree species, two sub-Acacia salicina Pinus halepensis habitats were distinguished: the canopied sub-habitat (under the tree crown) and the un-canopied sub-habitat (open grassland). Soil moisture was measured in both sub-habitats at 10 cm depth. In parallel to soil moisture, investigated the effect of tree species on soil fertility. Soil samples were collected from the upper 10 cm soil, excluding litter and stones. The nutrient status of soil (organic matter, total N, extractable P) was significantly higher under compared to and open areas. This tendency remained constant with the soil water A. salicina P. halepensis content which was significantly higher under trees compared to open sub-habitats. For water content, there were no significant differences between studied trees. Total plant cover, species richness and the density of perennial species were significantly higher under the exotic species compared to other sub-habitats. Among the two tree species, had the strongest positive effect on the understory Acacia salicina vegetation. It seems to be more useful as a restoration tool in arid areas and more suitable to create islands of resources and foster succession than the other investigated tree species.

Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 on Microbial Community Structure at the Plant-Soil Interface of Young Beech Trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) Grown at Two Sites with Contrasting Climatic Conditions

Soil microbial community responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations (eCO2) occur mainly indirectly via CO2-induced plant growth stimulation leading to quantitative as well as qualitative changes in rhizodeposition and plant litter. In order to gain insight into short-term, site-specific effects of eCO2 on the microbial community structure at the plant-soil interface, young beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) from two opposing mountainous slopes with contrasting climatic conditions were incubated under ambient (360 ppm) CO2 concentrations in a greenhouse. One week before harvest, half of the trees were incubated for 2 days under eCO2 (1,100 ppm) conditions. Shifts in the microbial community structure in the adhering soil as well as in the root rhizosphere complex (RRC) were investigated via TRFLP and 454 pyrosequencing based on 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Multivariate analysis of the community profiles showed clear changes of microbial community structure between plants grown under ambient and elevated CO2 mainly in RRC. Both TRFLP and 454 pyrosequencing showed a significant decrease in the microbial diversity and evenness as a response of CO2 enrichment. While Alphaproteobacteria dominated by Rhizobiales decreased at eCO2, Betaproteobacteria, mainly Burkholderiales, remained unaffected. In contrast, Gammaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria, predominated by Pseudomonadales and Myxococcales, respectively, increased at eCO2. Members of the order Actinomycetales increased, whereas within the phylum Acidobacteria subgroup Gp1 decreased, and the subgroups Gp4 and Gp6 increased under atmospheric CO2 enrichment. Moreover, Planctomycetes and Firmicutes, mainly members of Bacilli, increased under eCO2. Overall, the effect intensity of eCO2 on soil microbial communities was dependent on the distance to the roots. This effect was consistent for all trees under investigation; a site-specific effect of eCO2 in response to the origin of the trees was not observed.

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Michael Senteza added a reply

We have to separate science from business and politics in the first place , before we can adequately discuss the resolution of this global challenge .

The considerations to global warming can be logically broken down in the following

1. What are the factors that have affected the earths climate over the last million years ? 100,000 years , 10,000 years and 1,000 years .

2. Observations , the climatic changes , formations , and archaeological data to support the changes

3. The actualities of the earth dynamics , for example we know that approx 2/3 of the earth is water and we also know that of the 1/3 we have approximately 60% un inhabitable , and the 40% habitable has approximately 10% who contribute to the alleged pollution , where for example as of 2022 (https://www.whichcar.com.au/news/how-many-cars-are-there-in-the-world) The US had 290 Million cars compared to Africa (50+ Countries ) 26 Million cars the EU (33 + countries ) 413 million cars then Asia pacific with 543 Million cars ( with a population of close to 2 billion ) . We estimate that as of may there are 1.45 billion cars . this means that North America , Western Europe and Asia pacific combined have approx 1.3 billion cars , and yet close to 70% of vegetation cover and forest space is concentrated in africa , south america , northern europe and canada. we need to analyse this

4. We need to also analyse the actualities of the cause separating factors outside our reach , for example global worming as opposed to climate change . We know that climate change which has been geologically and scientifically observed to have been the reason things like Oil came into place , species became extinct and other formations created . We need to realise that a fair share of changes in climate (which some times may be confused with global worming ) have been due to changes in the earth's rotation , axis and orbit around the sun . These are factors that greatly affect the distribution of the sun's radiation on to the surface of the earth and the atmospheric impact , them make consideration of how much we produce , the dispersion rate , natural chemical balances and volumetric analysis of concentration , assimilation and alteration of elements .

5. The extent to which non scientific factors are contributing to attenuating strength of scientific argument . It is not uncommon to have politicians alter the rhetoric to serve their agenda , however it's even worse when the sponsors of the scientific research are intent on achieving specific goals and not facts .

In conclusion humans are intelligent enough to either end of mitigation the impact of global worming if it can be detached from capitalism and politics . Science can and will provide answers

Hello. This image is taken from la7 cancer stem cells. It seems that the cells that have a purple halo and seen shiner than other cells have a high resistance to starvation conditions. What kind of cells do you think these are and what is the reason for their resistance?

Is synergetic control a model-free or model-based approach? Please tell me the reasons.

How about PID control?

Temperature regulation is of utmost significance in pediatric anesthesia due to several reasons:

We run a Sciex X500r qToF and tune it once a week currently. I've been told that negative tune has historically been poor on other systems. The peak intensities and width are fine, however the 520.9 m/z precursor ion dips in and out of the upper 2ppm (-2 to +2pmm) range. I can't pinpoint what in the system is causing this and is this something that I should be concerned about?

I've prepared the following ceramics:

Of course I sometimes doubt the afterlife is eternal salvation for all, so, I live and deduce what it might be...

1)

2)

1)Maybe I'm slightly less intuitive. I

consider myself kind of a skeptical empiricist/critical rationalist.

2)I don't believe concepts are eternal because they need to be adjusted to avoid contradictions.

3)Without some transcendence beyond materialism, we would NOT be able to reason.

4)Maybe reason is the ONLY absolute CONCEPT. And reason derives from God.

5)Concepts also aid execution thus, maybe I'm a more skeptical Aristotelian.

Sources:

1)

2)

By reason of the application of the Lorentz Factor [(1 - (v squared / c squared)) raised to the power of 1/2] in the denominator of equations, luminal and other comparable energy propagations take on one and the same velocity. This is the relativity-effect (better, comparative effect) between v of objects, compared to c of the speed of light. That is, it is presupposed here that c is the object of comparison for determining the speed effect of velocity difference across a duration.

It is against the criterion-velocity itself c that c becomes unsurpassable! Hence, I am of the opinion that the supposed source-independence is nothing but an effect of OUR APPARATUS-WISE OBSERVATION LIMIT AND OUR FIXING OF THE CRITERION OF OBSERVATION AS THE OBSERVED VELOCITY OF LIGHT.

In this circumstance, it is useless to claim that (1) luminal and some other energy propagations with velocity c are source-independent, and (2) these wavicles have zero rest mass, since the supposed source-independence have not been proved theoretically or experimentally without using c cas the criterion velocity. The supposed source-independence is merely an effect of c-based comparison.

Against this background, it is possible to be assured that photons and other similar c-wavicles are extended particles -- varying their size throughout the course of motion in the spiral manner. Hence the acceptability of the term 'wavicle'. Moreover, each mathematical point of the spiral motion is to be conceived not as two-, but as three-dimensional, and any point of motion added to it justifies its fourth dimension. Let us call motion as change.

These four dimensions are measuremental, hence the terms 'space' (three-dimensional) and 'time' (one-dimensional). This is also an argument countering the opinion that in physics and cosmology (and other sciences) time is not attested!

The measurements of the 3-space and measurements of the 1-time are not in the wavicles and in the things being measured. The measurements are the cognitive characteristics of the measurements.

IN FACT, THE EXTENSION OF THE WAVICLE OR OTHER OBJECTS IS BEING MEASURED AND TERMED 'SPACE', AND THE CHANGE OF THE WAVICLE OR OTHER OBJECTS IS BEING MEASURED AND TERMED 'TIME'. Hence, the physically out-there-to-find characteristics of the wavicles and objects are EXTENSION AND CHANGE.

Extension is the quality of all existing objects by which they have parts. This is not space. Change is the quality by which they have motion, i.e., impact generation on other similar wavicles and/or objects. This is not time. Nothing has space and time; nothing is in space and time. Everything is in Extension-Change.

Any wavicle or other object existing in Extension-Change is nothing but impact generation by physically existent parts. This is what we term CAUSATION. CAUSALITY is the relation of parts of physical existents by which some are termed cause/s and the others are termed effect/s. IN FACT, THE FIRST ASPECT OF THE PHYSICALLY ACTIVE PARTS, WHICH BEGINS THE IMPACT, IS THE CAUSE; AND THE SECOND ASPECT IS THE CAUSE. Cause and effect are, together, one unit of continuous process.

Since energy wavicles are extended, they have parts. Hence, there can be other, more minute, parts of physical objects, which can define superluminal velocities. Here, the criterion of measurement of velocity cannot be c. That is all...! Hence, superluminal velocities are a must by reason of the very meaning of physical existence.

THE NOTION OF PHYSICAL EXISTENCE ('TO BE') IS COMPLELTEY EXHAUSTED BY THE NOTIONS OF EXTENSION AND CHANGE. Hence, I call Extension and Change as the highest physical-ontological Categories. A metaphysics (physical ontology) of the cosmos is thus feasible. I have been constructing one such. My book-length publications have been efforts in this direction.

I invite your contributions by way of critiques and comments -- not ferocious, but friendly, because I do not claim that I am the last word in any science, including philosophy of physics.

Bibliography

(1) Gravitational Coalescence Paradox and Cosmogenetic Causality in Quantum Astrophysical Cosmology, 647 pp., Berlin, 2018.

(2) Physics without Metaphysics? Categories of Second Generation Scientific Ontology, 386 pp., Frankfurt, 2015.

(3) Causal Ubiquity in Quantum Physics: A Superluminal and Local-Causal Physical Ontology, 361 pp., Frankfurt, 2014.

(4) Essential Cosmology and Philosophy for All: Gravitational Coalescence Cosmology, 92 pp., KDP Amazon, 2022, 2nd Edition.

(5) Essenzielle Kosmologie und Philosophie für alle: Gravitational-Koaleszenz-Kosmologie, 104 pp., KDP Amazon, 2022, 1st Edition.

I'm scared for security reasons, I have been looking for an easy way to format my manuscript for the european journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics, and others... does anybody have any recommendations for Scispace or other tools..?

why am I getting high evolution on the fe-co electrodeposited films with higher scan rate(50mV/S) in KOH electrolyte? what could be the reason. im using square wave pulse voltammetry

When dealing with composite systems comprising a finite subsystem and an infinite one, the aim often involves numerically analyzing specific properties, such as entanglement entropy between these subsystems.

In the process of performing a partial trace over one of the subsystems, which approach yields more reliable results: tracing over the finite system or over an approximation of the infinite subsystem? Intuitively, tracing over the larger subsystem seems preferable since it reduces the dimensionality of the remaining matrix. However, does this reasoning hold when considering the faithfulness of the results?

I performed RT-PCR to validate my differentially expressed microRNAs. But I didn't get any accurate results. What is the reason? I also performed standard PCR (with a gradient temperature) to select the best temperature and got bands at almost all temperatures. My reference gene (U6 SnRNA) worked well in RT-PCR, but miRNA-specific primers didn't show any results (amplification has occurred).

Please help me to find the correct reason.

Dear colleagues

I am exploring the reasons that would make an individual study for 3-4 or more years to finish nursing. What do you think are the reasons to pursue this career?

Looking forward for your thoughts

Kind regards

Tiago

It's important to remember that while there may be conflicts and divisions among people based on various factors such as race, nationality, religion, or ideology, it is essential to recognize and respect the shared humanity that unites us all. Embracing our common humanity can help bridge divides and promote understanding and empathy.

The shared humanity that unites all of us refers to the fundamental qualities and characteristics that we all possess as human beings. These include:

Recognizing and embracing these shared qualities can help us to connect with others, promote empathy and understanding, and work towards a more peaceful and just world.

What do you think?

i am working on turbine simulation. can you tell me why my power graph is straight . i used this expression Power=torque*omega i also put the value(omega) but not answered? torque graph is showing here(rightly) Also, my solution in not converged? what can be reason?

reasons for differences in interest rates between countries ? ( developed and developing countries wise )

I synthesized graphene oxide during synthesis, and when I added H2O2, the solution turned green. What is the reason for this?

The main reason is lack of well designed studies in the area of interest. Is there a standard tool for quality assessment of case reports?

I am testing a methylation-specific ddPCR assay and observed two positive droplet layers on the FAM channel. Based on the 2D group it does not seem to be affected by the signal from HEX channel. What would be the possible reasons to have double positive clouds?

They consider CO2 carbon dioxide to be the main factor affecting climate change. Could the increase in the speed of the earth's rotation be the main reason for climate change?

I have deposited Al doped PbS thin films using CBD method at different concentrations from 0,2,4,6 and 8%. I was observed that thickness of the films decreases with increase of Al concentration. Can explain about the reason

I am working on a multiplex immunoflurescence brain tissue slides

For some reason Researchgate combined my citation list with that of Michael D. Baer

which could mislead those who are interested in one of these lists.

I m currently doing a research on Data mining in Digital marketing and will like to get your opinion

1. The effects of mining and its impact in digital marketing

2. Does mining artificially alter organizations marketing campaign and if yes what are the pros and cons. if no, please state your reason or observations

3. is data mining the future of digital marketing, will mining determine the profitability of organizations in the nearest future.

4. Any other advise on this topic to aid my research.

These substrates have been thoroughly washed and coated with an SnO2-EDTA complex and a perovskite solution of MA and PbI3(in glove box). What do you think could be the main reason for it to look like this?

The fact that a feature is of a complementary distribution does not seem to be a sufficient reason to discard the feature as irrelevant; especially as they seem phenomenologically relevant.

In non-polar solvents such as cyclohexane or heptane, we are observing biexponential fluorescence lifetime decay in few amine derivatives, which is an unusual observation. Could someone be able to provide some insights into this observation.

When full empiricism seems to have a foothold and more is sought (no compromises sought) then in the psychological, biological and the social : the Age of Reason may begin .

To understand the corrosion inhibition efficiency of a coating on a metal surface, electrochemical analyses are performed. But why is the solution resistance (Rs) not the same in every experiment during the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis of a coated metal coupon in the same electrolyte medium? What may be the reasons?

When culturing 22rv1 cells, I often encounter sudden cell death phenomena, and it is difficult to find a clear reason. When culturing cells for 4-5 passages, the cells suddenly begin to grow slowly, tend to aggregate, and gradually die. Can colleagues with similar experiences help me solve my confusion? I also culture other tumor cells, but have never encountered similar issues before.The following are images of problematic cells.

What factors or physical mechanism will affect the laser produced plasma (LPP) expansion process. How to reduce the instability of multiple measurements?

I have deposited iron titanate thin films by electrodeposition at different molar concentration.

Q #1. In XRD pattern of as deposited I don't observe any intensity peak while after performing MF annealing at 300 degree Celcius, I observed intensity peaks. what's the basic reason behind this?

Q #2. At different molar concentration I observed different peaks except two peaks appeard on same plane. what will be main cause behind this?

This is the chromatogram that I've received after running Supelco C8-C24 FAME mix in a TG-5MS (30m*0.25µm*025µm) of 5% phenyl methyl polysiloxane column. Kindly suggest the reason behind the baseline shift and how to prevent its formation?

Hello everyone

1. Please suggest a robust free software to analysis the XRD results to obtain the corresponding 3d structure of a protein.

2. Is the xrd diffractogram with only a single peak better than a diffractogram with multiple peaks or vice versa? And what are the reasons?

3. What does raw.file show after xrd analysis?

Thanks to all

inform about reason.

Hi,

I am currently looking for suggestions on choosing which cryovial to use for cell cryopreservation, internal or external threaded, do you guys have a preference? or is there any reason for choosing one over another?

Many Thanks!

Another try to make progress in eliminating ignorance/delusion and arrogance and conceit in behavioral SCIENCE.

For science , for empiricism (and for AI (<-- to enlist, YET eventually dispel, the greed motivator)) : the truly empirical behavioral scientists, those who ARE empirical in studying behavior PATTERNS (SO: just and only all the involved overt behavioral PATTERNS will do, when looked at developmentally, for ALL explanation), must work in a way to come to see that THE MAJOR TYPES OF LEARNING (and these occur during ontogeny) ___ ARE ___ found (discovered, like the naturalist) to BE major kinds/types of INDUCTION (as is true of all other developed organisms). We cannot be that different for it to be otherwise.

As true factual and empirical as classical and operant conditioning (and habituation, etc.) ARE, THESE ARE the extreme trivial details. [ AND, one must realize : "Social leaning" is a farce, for such a vague concept looses the individual organism as the ONLY true empirical unit-of-analysis -- which it IS (MUST be, that's biology, friends). ] MY system of understanding, in my two major papers, OUTLINES what one should find concretely IN OVERT BEHAVIOR PATTERNS (and never leave the word "patterns" out ) -- reflecting the major types/kinds of induction.

[ And, though big on induction, the proximate causes are [ attentional / ] perceptual shifts . (I hate to say it, but one can reason-out the necessity of this being the case.) ]

Starting with this attitude and outlook, only then can we find (AS IS NECESSARY for ALL good reasons and science) the was-ness in the is-ness ( i.e.; previous grand well-developed units as THE units, or portions as part-units, USED IN more advanced inductive reasonings). This all (all the above) is absolutely the shortest way of saying what we MUST realize (<-- not "just subjectively" at all) ). AND: one cannot argue an excuse, or THAT ITSELF is THE VERY damning premature hypothetico-deductive "reasoning" , the very essence of arrogance and conceit AND that which necessarily derails science -- that being the necessary consequence of "jumping the gun" on prediction .

Any questions? I am 70 years old, so one will find further true leads / clues (or that which will result in true leads IN my WORK (science essays and the theory outlines)) , I have introduced before in my writings, beginning 40 years ++ ago.

[ FOOTNOTE : the descriptors provided by researchgate ARE GROSSLY INCOMPLETE and INADEQUATE. Just one example : NO "inductive reasoning" ! : this is the premature know-it-all stance that has been, and is, destroying science (AND us). ALSO : no "innate action pattern" !! No : "hypotheses" -- enabling THAT to be a SUBJECT itself ! Come on ! It's sickening -- and NOT the way to make progress, but the way to fail. (One used to be able to add non-existing descriptors, but THAT is gone, obviously WAY TOO SOON.) ]

Dear scientist,

I am interested in the reason why phosphorus nanoparticles tend to agglomerate on the surface of a polymer when dispersed therein, especially considering their average size, which ranges from 35 to 45 nm. Is there an explanation for this phenomenon and how could this effect be reduced?

regards.

MEBARKI

Hello Everyone,

What would be the most common theories/articles to understand why their are so few women in Computer Science? I have a good grasp on reasons and practical issues, but am trying to get at relevant theories. Any books or articles would be greatly appreciated.

When I was doing Raman spectroscopy, I observed that for the same sample (thin film), using two different laser sources gave different Raman spectra. We know Raman Shift is materially dependent property.What could be the reason for difference in Raman spectra?

Laser sources were the He-Cd laser (λ=325 nm), i.e., UV light source, and the He-Ne laser (λ=633 nm), i.e., visible light source.

Qubit gives this error after reading second standard. It asks to read the standards once more or you can close and continue reading the samples but I am not sure if we can use the results. I could not find a detailed explanation in the user manuel. I would be very happy to hear your experience.

Thanks,

Sema

I am trying to insert a His tag in my vector backbone that is of pCDNA.However I am getting wild type colonies of the vector after sequencing. I have used 50 ng of template for mutation PCR and even performed DpN1 digestion for 3 hrs. What might be the reason for getting wild type colonies even after performing DpN1 digestion?

Based on scientific evidence, can proprioception improve I have wondered for years. If so, how can we measure this improvement?

Reason for these questions: For years clinicians and exercise professionals have stated that certain exercises improve proprioception, often using balance exercise regimes. Some have even claimed that proprioception exercises improve athletic performance.

I'm doing some research to explore the application of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) in the context of brain tumor detection. Specifically, I aim to develop a model that not only accurately detects the presence of brain tumors but also provides clear explanations for its decisions regarding positive or negative results. My main concerns are making sure that the model's decision-making process is transparent and comprehending the underlying reasoning behind its choices. I would be grateful for any thoughts, suggestions, or links to papers or web articles that address the practical application of XAI in this field (including the dataset types or anything that is related with XAi).

Thank you.

Relatively Easily = define 1st, 2nd, 3rd order reasoning ~ keeping context "GENERAL"

for Example, JAS MyWay 1st order Reasoning of Words =

A = About

B = Because

C = Christ

D = Devil

E = Energy

F = Family

G = God

H = Home

I = Indio

J = Just

K = Kill

L = Love

M = Marry

N = Nothing

O = Open

P = People

Q = Queen

R = Real

S = Safe

T = Time

U = Universe

V = Victory

W = Women

X = Xes

Y = Yes

Z = Zoo

This tells you a great deal about my 1st order (public) "cognitive-reasoning", "personality", and "senses". The Second Order is "personal", and the third order is "private". By adding together Semantic Ontologies, a formal Ontology is created, for example... PlayNAC

I am working in microalgae and I have optimised their growth conditions in fermenter. But after 2 months, when I again growing the alga there is slow growth at same conditions. What would be the reason?

I am doing molecular docking of the molecules that I synthesize and I am wondering how many poses would be necessary. I am doing this in maestro with glide and in the beginning by default I put 10 poses, but why not 50 poses. What would be the reason to get 50 poses instead of 10 or to get 100 poses instead of 50 ?

Can there be interests of this magnitude and not have citations from my research? What is the reason in your opinion?

I have studied and compared the enhancement of CO2 absorption by nanofluids in batch and continuous processes. i have found that the enhancement effect of nanofluids is more pronounced in continuous system (bubble column). but i cant explain the reason behind this difference.

Hi,

I have been trying to clone 8.4kb miniF replicon from bacmid. I have tried doing that in pFastBAc backbone but the fragment seems to be lost after every trial.

While doing colony PCR, I am able to get amplification from some part of the fragment (1kB or more) but the whole fragment is missing.

I have tried changing ligation ratios, incubation temperature (30 degrees and 37 both). But the miniF replicon is not coming as a whole.

I have also tried to ligate this fragment with 3 other fragments using In-fusion assembly, but the same was observed in those plasmids.

Does anyone know possible reasons of this?

I am somewhat Hegelian because I do not believe in martyrdom, and or dying on a hill, and usually the popular, and or traditional, opinion has a deeper less obvious reason.