Research Topics - Science topic

Hey there Sean Patrick Flynn!

Great to hear you're looking into environmental sciences and habitat biodiversity. It's a crucial field that needs attention and action. Here are some trends and ideas to consider:

1. **Climate Change Impact**: This is probably the biggest trend. Climate change affects everything from ecosystems to species distribution. Understanding its impacts on habitats and biodiversity is crucial.

2. **Urban Ecology**: With more people moving to cities, understanding how urban environments affect biodiversity is important. It's not just about preserving remote habitats anymore; urban areas are also key.

3. **Technological Advancements**: There's been a boom in technology aiding environmental research. Drones, satellite imagery, and advanced data analytics are helping us understand habitats and species distribution better.

4. **Conservation Strategies**: Traditional conservation methods are evolving. From community-based conservation to genetic preservation, there are new strategies being explored.

5. **Restoration Ecology**: As habitats degrade, restoration becomes vital. It's not just about conserving what's left; it's also about actively restoring what's been damaged.

6. **Invasive Species Management**: Invasive species can wreak havoc on native ecosystems. Research into how to manage and mitigate their impacts is crucial.

7. **Sustainable Land Use**: Finding ways to balance human needs with biodiversity conservation is a major challenge. Sustainable land use practices are essential for this.

8. **Policy and Governance**: Strong policies and governance frameworks are needed to protect habitats and biodiversity. Research into effective policy measures is crucial.

These are just a few ideas to get you started. Let me know if you want more details on any of these or if you have specific areas you're Sean Patrick Flynn interested in exploring further. Happy researching!

Thank you for your kind suggestion Gholamreza Nikravesh

due to climate change, the habitat of species is disturbed so its easy for hunters to trap animals. Climate change can make certain species more vulnerable to exploitation. due to climate changes, many species go for migration so illegal killing occurs. Climate change is causing shifts in the geographic ranges of many species. This can lead to conflicts between humans and wildlife as animals

1) FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY AND FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN YOUR COUNTRY

2) FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY AND OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY OF BANKS IN YOUR COUNTRY

We have rich literature in these subject area

1. Research Question:Main Question: How do gender stereotypes in education impact the development of female students in secondary school? Sub Questions: a. What are the prevalent gender stereotypes in secondary education settings? b. How do these stereotypes influence female students' academic performance and aspirations? c. What strategies can be implemented to mitigate the negative effects of gender stereotypes on female students' development?

By addressing these elements in your research, you can provide valuable insights into the impact of gender stereotypes on female students' development in secondary school and contribute to efforts aimed at fostering gender equity and inclusivity in education.

Hello,

I am interested in helping, Please message me with details.

Dear Wyatt King,

In terms of my thesis topic on cyber security in finance, I propose to analyze the applicability of generative artificial intelligence technology in combination with Big Data Analytics and other Industry 4.0/5.0 technologies to improve online and mobile banking cyber security systems, instruments and applications.

Best wishes,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ МНОГОКОМПОНЕНТНЫХ ПОКРЫТИЙ ИЗ ЦВЕТНЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ Князьков А.Ф., Князьков С.А., Гаврилин А.Н., Дитенберг И.А., Гриняев К.В., Смирнов И.В. Патент на изобретение RU 2690265 C1, 31.05.2019. Заявка № 2018123837 от 02.07.2018.

СТРУКТУРА И СВОЙСТВА МНОГОКОМПОНЕНТНОЙ НАПЛАВКИ НА СТАЛЬНОЙ ПОДЛОЖКЕ, ПОЛУЧЕННОЙ ПУТЕМ ИМПУЛЬСНОЙ ПЕРЕПЛАВКИ ПОРОШКОВОЙ СМЕСИ W-CR-MO-ZR-TI-TA-NB-СU ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОЙ ДУГОЙ С НЕПЛАВЯЩИМСЯ ЭЛЕКТРОДОМ В ЗАЩИТНОЙ СРЕДЕ АРГОНА Гриняев К.В., Смирнов И.В., Осипов Д.А., Дитенберг И.А., Князьков А.Ф., Князьков С.А., Гаврилин А.Н. В книге: Физическая мезомеханика. Материалы с многоуровневой иерархически организованной структурой и интеллектуальные производственные технологии. Тезисы международной конференции. Томск, 2021. С. 144.

КОНЦЕПЦИЯ ВИБРОЗАЩИТЫ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ПО РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМ ВИБРОМОНИТОРИНГА ДЛЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОЙ МЕХАНООБРАБОТКИ Гаврилин А.Н. автореферат диссертации на соискание ученой степени доктора технических наук / Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет. Томск, 2022

Cooperatives are effective tools for advancing sustainable livelihoods in rural areas globally. Cooperatives serve a vital role in promoting economic empowerment, social inclusion, and environmental stewardship by utilizing the combined strength and resources of their members. It plays a crucial role in promoting sustainable livelihoods by offering rural community members opportunities to access markets, loans, and technical help. By engaging in collective action, small-scale producers can surmount obstacles to entering markets, secure more favourable prices for their goods, and gain access to financial services that empower them to invest in their enterprises and enhance their productivity. In addition, cooperatives frequently give priority to environmentally conscious techniques and sustainable management of resources, such as organic farming, agroforestry, and water conservation. This ensures the long-term sustainability of natural resources and ecosystems, which are crucial for rural livelihoods. Furthermore, cooperatives enhance social unity and integration by encouraging underrepresented demographics such as women, youth, indigenous communities, and individuals with disabilities to engage in economic endeavours and decision-making procedures.

Service Quality and Student Satisfaction: Examine the relationship between service quality dimensions (tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy) and student satisfaction in the Indian higher education context. This could also explore demographic variables (age, gender, socio-economic status) influencing perceptions of service quality.

High entropy alloys (HEAs) continue to be an exciting area of research with numerous potential applications across various industries. Here are some recent research topics and areas of investigation in the field of HEAs:

These research topics reflect the diverse range of opportunities for advancing the understanding and applications of high entropy alloys in materials science and engineering. Researchers continue to explore new avenues for optimizing the properties and performance of HEAs to meet the demands of modern technology and industry.

This is something a researcher is expected to do as a first step in the research journey. It is not advisable to find topics based on recommendations from others.

What is your question?

Whatever you break it down to: consider the IMPACT of an ADDITIONAL digital platform for kids to access when they already have a couple hundred. COnsider integration of ICT into existing platforms. One professor wants students on DIscord, another is focused on LinkdIn, there's a lockdown browser that's (peer-reviewed) universally considered unethical, there are at least 15 sign-ins for existing university sites all students must access, plus all the digital platforms they already frequent. ADDITIONAL PLATFORM FOR ICT vs integrating it into existing platforms so it's available where the students actually need it. Make THAT happen: you IMPACT kids. Figure out how to make your information THERE when students access something that makes it relevant.

Hi James, maybe have a look at how the UNWTO looks at sustainable development in tourism and decide for certain aspects:

Sustainable development (unwto.org)

Kind regards

Daniel Jacob Bilar

Thanks so very much for your suggestion, however, I couldn't figure out the text editor aspect. I will go through them but at the moment I am tilting towards the "Zero-Knowledge Proof" as an alternate technology for Privacy-Preserving Smart Contracts. I will come back to you on the topic so we can take it a notch further.

Thank you again.

Precisely,Predicting E-Waste Generation using AI & ML is a compelling and interdisciplinary research topic that is well-suited for a Ph.D. in Computer Science. It blends AI and ML innovations with environmental insights, making it both a computer science study and a project with broader, interdisciplinary applications. This focus offers significant potential for advancing recycling efforts, policy-making, and sustainable practices, positioning it as a strong candidate for doctoral research in the field....

Sandeep Reddy Munagala Welcome messaging for discussing further

A healthy population is not only crucial for enhancing the quality of life but also plays a significant role in the socioeconomic development of a country. Unhealthy practices, such as over- and undernutrition, are the primary risk factors that may lead to various health issues. The topic I would like to suggest is the multisectoral issue off micronutrient, protein and energy deficiencies, obesity overweight non-communicablee diseases. Poor diets, low-quality foods, and lack of physical activity are the major contributors to these issues. Therefore, there is a dire need for countries to establish and evaluate nutrition and health policies and programs to address all forms of malnutrition. To ensure the nutritional status, diets, and health of the population, it is vital to provide universal education to eradicate illiteracy. Hence, countries should pay attention to addressing these issues to improve the quality of human capital and promote socioeconomic development.

First of all you need to identify your area of research interest, then determine a problem on which you need to find solutions for addressing it. The rest of the research processes will then follow. Of paramount importance is to work around a research area on which you are passionate about.

My choice of topic would be to explore what clinical teams can do during inpatient admissions to facilitate vocational recovery into competitive, not sheltered employment, and not into voluntary activities and other things to just keep the patient occupied. IPS programs are usually made available to outpatients, but much can be done from first admission. A good masters topic would be to investigate what happens to patients that were working or studying prior to admission, and whether efforts were made early enough to preserve these activities as goals for recovery. Most inpatient teams concern themselves with non-vocational recovery goals to support social skills, recreation, and independent living. But this is stigmatised by an unstated assumption that patients don't need vocational goals as they will never be employed again. How is that for a topic. I am happy to help further if you are interested. Cheers, Geoff.

High Predictive Performance Models via Semi-Parametric Survival Regression

Given your experience in CTFs and training platforms, consider researching how platforms like HTB and THM impact cybersecurity education. Analyze the most occurring vulnerabilities of web application boxes on these platforms, given your interest in web app pentesting. Investigate whether this bias creates blind spots for security professionals.

Additionally, an interesting approach to finding a topic you will be engaged in involves exploring hot topics in web app pen testing through reading relevant papers. This can help you align your interests with current trends in the field.

Guideline

Here are a few popular reaserch topics in accounting and finance: sustainability accounting and reporting, Financial technology(fintech), behavioral finance, Financial risk management, international Financial reporting standards(IFRS),....

Please check the attached file.

There are two factors related to this question. 1. Is the research question topical, of importance, not previously investigated, shedding light on a new angle to a problem and hence relevant to society, researchers & politicians. 2. Who is funding the project? is there funding? is there adequate funding? Some examples are; Technology information overload, information overload and technology integration, data privacy problems, confidentiality, systems integration, functionality of systems, timelines, costs, artificial intelligence. These are all topical issues - there maybe factors to explore/ investigate. So probably an area where there are opportunities for jobs/ research. I think also in the future the jobs in this area will continue to increase / expand. Another example which desperately needs investigation and alteration is the church, lack of science and religiosity. A very urgent issue that must be addressed, for rules, laws & policies regarding their outdated practices & teachings of prayer for this, that & the other. A very difficult & challenging project in that they are set in concrete in their antiquated ways of working & no one seems to care or want to change them to integrate science with religion. A very urgent & topical issue that is in fact causing many people/countries much distress & upset, but if you do a project in that area, it will be important, vital & necessary, but I doubt it will get you a job. Noone wants to fund research like that, & that probably won't give you a lot of scope to move in the future unfortunately. Just two examples to ponder.

Sir I am interested to collaborate this research project and want to contribute

I suggest conducting a thorough literature review to understand the current state of research in the field of leadership that college students can study. Identify gaps, controversies, and areas where more research is needed. Consider interdisciplinary approaches by integrating concepts from psychology, sociology, education, or other relevant fields. This can enrich your research and provide a broader perspective.

Have a look at this pepar and may be you'll be able to find one.

An interesting topic is Vicarious trauma experienced by psychiatric nurses in their usual working environment,

i.e. due to aggressive service users, trauma experienced by service users being heard by nurses,

Research Gate, like many academic and research platforms, has a vast array of topics, but they might not cover every specific niche or emerging field at any given time. Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is a relatively newer area in the grand scheme of networking technologies, so there are a few reasons why it might not be listed as a separate research topic:

Emerging Field: NFV, while increasingly important, is still evolving and might not yet be recognized as a distinct research category on some platforms.

Subsumed Under Broader Topics: NFV could be considered a part of larger, more established topics like Network Management, Cloud Computing, or Telecommunications.

Community-Driven Taxonomies: On platforms like Research Gate, the categorization of topics might be driven by user contributions and popular demand. If not many people are discussing NFV explicitly, it might not yet have its own tag.

To add NFV as a research topic on Research Gate, you can:

Reach Out to Research Gate: Contact their support or community team to suggest adding NFV as a topic.

Use Related Tags: In the meantime, use broader or related tags like 'Virtualization', 'Network Management', or 'SDN (Software-Defined Networking)' to reach the relevant audience.

Community Engagement: Actively participate in discussions related to NFV and similar topics to increase its visibility and the likelihood of it being recognized as a standalone topic.

Remember, academic and research communities often evolve based on the interests and activities of their members, so your contributions could help shape these categories!

Here are a few hot topics:

5G and Beyond: It's all about super-fast internet speeds. Researching how 5G will change the way we connect and its future developments is pretty exciting.

Internet of Things (IoT): Imagine your fridge chatting with your phone! IoT is huge, and studying how to make these connections more secure and efficient is super relevant.

Network Security: With all the cyber threats out there, focusing on how to keep networks safe is like being a digital superhero.

Software-Defined Networking (SDN): This is like giving network administrators superpowers to manage networks with great flexibility and efficiency.

Quantum Networking: It's a bit like sci-fi, but it's real! Exploring how quantum principles can revolutionize data transfer is cutting-edge stuff.

Edge Computing: This is about processing data closer to where it's collected. It’s a big deal for things like self-driving cars.

Artificial Intelligence in Networking: AI can help networks self-repair and optimize. It's a bit like teaching the network to think for itself.

Cloud Networking: With everything moving to the cloud, figuring out how to make this more efficient and secure is a hot topic.

Blockchain in Networking: Beyond cryptocurrencies, blockchain can revolutionize how we secure and manage networks.

Wireless Sensor Networks: These networks are vital for collecting environmental data, and improving their efficiency and data processing can be a great research area.

Pick a topic that excites you the most. It's like choosing your own adventure in the tech world!

Hello Tangirala Srinivasa

Some of the ideas I have come across recently include

- cryptographic vs non-cryptographic techniques

- identity-based signatures

- data concealment

Dear friend Pushpraj Singh

A PhD topic in data mining techniques in the healthcare sector, with a focus on breast cancer, offers a unique opportunity for breakthroughs. The intersection of data mining and healthcare presents a wealth of potential insights, and your research could have a significant impact on people's lives. While the challenges are significant, the potential rewards are great, and tackling real-world problems is the beauty of it. If you're up for the challenge, this topic is definitely worth considering.

My publication might be interesting to read:

Your proposed PhD research topic, "Investigating the Impact of ChatGPT Use on Moroccan EFL Middle School Students' Writing Performance: A Mixed Methods," seems interesting and relevant, particularly at the intersection of language learning, technology, and education. However, the suitability of a research topic depends on various factors. Here are some factors to consider:

ü Relevance:Ensure that your research topic addresses a significant issue or gap in the existing literature. The impact of ChatGPT on language learning is a contemporary and relevant subject, especially considering the increasing use of technology in education.

ü Novelty:Check if similar studies have been conducted. If there are already many studies on the exact topic, consider refining your focus to make it more specific or finding a unique angle.

ü Feasibility:Assess whether you have the resources, access to participants, and the ability to conduct quantitative and qualitative research methods. Mixed methods research can be powerful, but it requires careful planning and execution.

ü Ethical Considerations: Ensure your research adheres to ethical guidelines, especially involving students. Obtain informed consent from both students and their parents or guardians.

ü Practical Implications: Consider how the findings of your research might be applied in real-world educational settings. Are there potential implications for improving language learning outcomes in Moroccan EFL middle schools?

ü Theoretical Framework: Clearly articulate the theoretical framework that will guide your study. This could be drawn from theories related to language acquisition, educational technology, or other relevant fields.

ü Methodological Rigor: Ensure your mixed methods approach is well-designed, with a clear integration of quantitative and qualitative data. This will enhance the robustness of your findings.

ü Significance:Clearly state the potential significance and contributions of your research to the field of education and language learning. What will your study add to the existing body of knowledge?

It is recommended to discuss with your academic advisor or peers before finalizing your topic. This will help you get feedback and refine your research questions and methodology. With careful planning and execution, your proposed topic can potentially make a valuable contribution to the field.

You can take a topic :

Effect of decentralization of industry sector on the growth of urbanization.

You can take case studies on industrial growth pattern in some cities and problems thereby affecting urbanization and then work out solutions.

I think it depends on what interests you. For me biostatistics is interesting.

Read my answer here

See my replies to this similar question: https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_to_submit_reserach_paper_in_journal

I have two thoughts on AI and human well-being. 1. I will never trust an AI with confidential information. Too easy to end up sharing it with others, especially if the AI's actual owner is into data mining personal information. 2. When I was a young man, I felt sympathy for older singles that projected their need for children onto their pets. Then, as I got older, I forgot to get married, and ended up doing the same thing myself. People have needs and adapt to circumstances. We can expect people to embrace AIs as friends, and fifty years from now, or sooner, AI friends will be commonplace.

Detecting anomaly accounts in social networks through data mining and machine learning involves several steps: Data Collection, Feature Extraction, Model Selection and Training, Anomaly Detection, Evaluation and Refinement, Integration and Deployment.

This process leverages the vast amount of data available on social networks and the powerful pattern recognition capabilities of machine learning algorithms to identify accounts that exhibit unusual or suspicious behavior, which might indicate fake accounts, bots, or compromised accounts.

it will be great Actually I need some help to work on my topic because it's a little bit complicated !

Careful selection of a target journal is important for several reasons. You will want to publish in a reputable journal that is both appropriate for your field and appropriate for the particular study, for example, a clinical study versus a basic research study or methods paper. Some journals also have strict word limits, and it is important to check those limits before writing your manuscript because having to cut words from an overly long manuscript can require a lot of extra time and work. Similarly, some journals only allow a small number of figures and tables. If you have many figures, consider choosing a journal that publishes longer papers. Although some figures can usually go into supplementary data, your key figures should fit into the main part of the paper.

However, you should also be flexible with regard to the selection of a target journal. Once you assemble your data, you may find that (as indicated above) you have too many figures and tables for some journals, or you may realize that your data would fit better in a different type of journal than originally planned. For example, you may have more biochemical data than genetics data, so perhaps a biochemistry journal would be suitable. Also, if you have chosen a top-tier journal, you may realize that you need additional data to publish there, in which case you might decide that you can publish more quickly in a lower-tier journal.

Fortunately, many journals now allow “format neutral” manuscripts for the first submission, so you may not have to worry too much about formatting details. However, a "format neutral" journal may still have specific requirements on the length of the main text, the length and format of the abstract, line numbering and page numbering, and on whether supplementary information is allowed, so always check the author guidelines.

Finally, even if you firmly believe that your manuscript deserves to be published in a particular journal, the editor and peer reviewers may not agree with your opinion! Having a paper rejected can be very frustrating, but it happens frequently, and so it is a good idea to keep a second (or even third, etc.) choice of journal in mind to avoid long delays in publishing your work.

You can choose Seismic retrofitting of regular or plan irregular building with short length BRB on the software openseespy.

it is about stress physiology , like selection of crop and then abiotic stress and then treatment by hormone

Don't know if you maybe find some inspiration on this site:

Could be helpful for the international market

Read extensively about additive manufacturing. Identify a gap or gaps in the previous research in the same line. On the basis of that establish the problem that your research would be trying to address. You must also indicate finally how that problem is important enough to be ignored, hence need to research and recommend appropriate solution(s).

Tharindu Madusanka re Any Comments on this topic? Consider including the actual topic¹ in your query and be a bit more specific on what inputs you are looking for, based on your own research and thoughts on the topic. Few readers will download your .docx file without more to go on.

For example, you may obtain more feedback by asking for comments on the experience others have had with AI evaluations of efficiency or evaluation of admin efficiency or AI adoption in administrative functions.

Let me know if you have further questions, perhaps I can assist.

Cheers,

Leo

Dear Khaled M.Alaa

from my point of view Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is a suitable subject for your dissertation because you can focus on AI, DL and ML applications to localize and quantify the damage in the structures. Now a days AI specially machine learning and deep learning algorithms have been utilized in different topics for example in the field of seismic resiliency, seismic hazard analysis, 3D printing and other topics but I think these fields have lost their novelty and combining these subjects with AI tan to be beneficial with the aims of publishing excellent papers and working on them.

Regards.

There is no such thing as 'which is better' as any research topic will add value and create new knowledge. You must choose what appeals most to you as it will be 'your' study. So choose the topic that will excite you, stimulate you, motivate you and make you look forward to carrying out the research.

Hi Zdeněk Novák

I think, you have to contact the company for detail information. I am having the same issue for my project and the motor is just a black box (Engiro 205A_12010). It only says PMSM, that's it. It could be either IPMSM or SPMSM. And as you said, they don't give any clue about d-q inductance value or give equivalent circuit. This is deliberate as company policy thing and probably a good idea to email them. Engiro is a German company and the machines must be high quality. The Engiro 205A_12010 series has several motors including 3kw.

Sure, you can explore this resource that lists some websites for free research paper downloads: https://researchbrains.com/top-11-websites-for-free-research-paper-downloads/. It might help you find some interesting research topics.

Muddassar Mushtaq Wa Alaikum Salaam,

Developing effective AI-enabled cybersecurity defenses while anticipating evolving AI-based criminal hacking threats is an impactful research direction with immense relevance. Here are some potential specific PhD research topics to explore in this domain:

- Novel machine learning techniques to detect increasingly sophisticated malware, phishing, and network intrusion patterns. This could involve neural networks, adversarial learning, and robust feature engineering.

- Hardening deep learning systems against adversarial examples and model stealing attacks - important for securing AI itself.

- Analysis of dark web criminal forums and markets to profile emerging AI-enabled hacking tools, techniques, and vulnerabilities.

- Developing smart honeypots, deception systems, and threat intelligence leveraging natural language processing and network analysis to understand and predict cybercriminal behavior.

- Studying the role of explainable AI and human-AI teaming to maintain security in complex, evolving threat environments while avoiding overreliance on automated systems.

- Policy and ethics of offensive AI-driven cyber operations by state actors. How to balance security with humanitarian considerations.

I highly encourage you to pursue this high-impact research direction. Please keep me posted on your progress, and do not hesitate to reach out if you need any guidance or connections to experts in this field. I wish you the very best in this endeavor.

Greetings! Research in the intersection of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and education, particularly in the context of online learning and education, offers numerous opportunities to make a meaningful impact. Here are some research topics to consider:

When choosing a research topic, consider your own interests and expertise, as well as the resources available to you. Additionally, consult with your academic advisor or mentors to ensure that your chosen topic aligns with the goals of your Ph.D. program and offers meaningful contributions to the field of education and online learning.

You may search for an nature inspired optimization algorithm or a recent swarm intelligence based optimization algorithm and try improving it. Following steps might be helpful when creating a variant of an existing algorithm:

1. Understand the target algorithm thoroughly. understand the base paper, try reproducing results reported in the original paper.

2. Literature Review: Look at the available variants of the target algorithm as well as others work on "How to improve an optimization algorithm", you may consider variants of PSO or WOA or GWO, these are mature algorithms with a lot of existing variants.

3. Brainstorm modification: it is time to finalize modification for your chosen algorithm.

4. Define a clear Hypothesis: Formulate a clear hypothesis about how your modifications will lead to an improvement in the algorithm's performance. Your hypothesis should be testable and measurable.

5. Implementation: Easiest way is to use matlab, many codes are available online and many tutorials on how to program in matlab. You may use python as well.

6. Test on the common benchmark functions

7. Compare and Analyze results.

8. Iterate and refine: Refine the algorithm based on the testing and comparison.

9. Document the approach.

10. Publish your work in a suitable Journal.

Cluster sampling is a sampling technique commonly used in tourism research to study and analyze large populations or groups of tourists. It involves dividing the population into clusters or groups, such as geographical regions, tourist destinations, or travel agencies, and selecting a subset of clusters to include in the sample. This approach offers practical advantages when it is difficult or expensive to obtain a sample from the entire population.

In the context of tourism, cluster sampling is often employed for various purposes, including:

1. Destination-level studies: Researchers may use cluster sampling to examine tourism-related factors at the destination level. For example, they might select a limited number of popular tourist destinations or regions as clusters and collect data from tourists within those clusters. This allows for a focused investigation into the experiences, preferences, and behaviors of tourists in specific destinations.

2. Travel agency or tour operator studies: Cluster sampling can also be used to study tourists who have booked travel packages through specific travel agencies or tour operators. By selecting a sample of travel agencies or tour operators as clusters, researchers can collect data from the clients of those agencies to gain insights into their travel patterns, satisfaction levels, and preferences.

3. Event or festival studies: Tourism researchers often utilize cluster sampling for studying tourists attending specific events or festivals. The event or festival serves as a cluster, and researchers select a sample of clusters representing different types of events or festivals. This enables them to analyze the motivations, behavior, and impacts of tourists attending such events.

4. Geographical studies: Cluster sampling can be beneficial for research focused on specific geographical areas or regions. Researchers may divide the study area into clusters based on geographical boundaries, such as districts, towns, or neighborhoods, and select clusters to include in the sample. This approach allows for in-depth analysis of tourism-related factors within different geographical contexts.

The primary advantage of cluster sampling in tourism research is its efficiency. It simplifies data collection by reducing the costs and resources required to reach a large and diverse population. Moreover, it can ensure representation of different clusters or subgroups within the population, enhancing the generalizability of findings. However, one limitation of cluster sampling is the potential for increased sampling error due to within-cluster similarities, as individuals within a cluster may have similar characteristics or behaviors.

In summary, cluster sampling is a useful approach in tourism research, enabling researchers to efficiently study large and diverse populations. By selecting clusters representing different destinations, travel agencies, events, or geographical areas, researchers can gain valuable insights into various aspects of tourism, contributing to the development of effective tourism strategies, policies, and sustainable practices.

Most of the political instruments that are also used in ecological and behavioral economics come from the field of public economics. Most of the theoretical elements were also taken from this research field. One can therefore certainly say that these newer teaching and research areas emerged from public economics.

Judith Madu Thanks

Taiwo Abraham, Anthony Babatunde Sholanke

All the theories you referred to can be used

Regarding the statement of the problem, you can combine two issues

1. the substance of the phenomenon i.e. what makes the phenomenon a problem? What is it about level of recreation program of detainees in jail that must be studied? How risky is it if this phenomenon is not researched into?

2. The gaps in literature that your study intends to fill

A combination of these two will give you a good statement of the problem

Research topics in coal mining disasters can cover a wide range of issues related to safety, risk assessment, prevention, emergency response, environmental impacts, and more.

Here are some research topics in coal mining disasters that you might consider:

When choosing a research topic, consider your specific interests and expertise, as well as the potential for your research to contribute to improving safety, preventing disasters, and mitigating the impact of coal mining accidents on workers and communities.

Additionally, collaborating with experts in mining engineering, safety management, environmental science, and related fields can enhance the quality and impact of your research.

Searching for a research topic related to agriculture can be a rewarding process if done thoughtfully. Here's a long-term approach to help you identify and refine research topics in agriculture:

Remember that choosing a research topic is a critical decision, so take your time to explore your interests and the potential impact of your research on the agricultural field.

Business managers can reduce the rate of employee turnover and boost profitability by implementing a variety of methods. One effective strategy is to focus on recruiting and choosing the best fit for the job and company culture. This can be achieved by conducting thorough interviews and assessments to select the ideal candidates. Additionally, offering competitive pay and benefits, reviewing and adjusting salaries to market norms, and providing opportunities for career growth and skill development are also effective ways to retain great employees. Recognizing and rewarding outstanding achievement through bonuses, promotions, or public recognition, as well as implementing employee appreciation programs, is another way to enhance morale and motivation. Promoting work-life balance, providing flexible scheduling and remote work options, encouraging employee engagement and value, and maintaining open communication within the organization are also important steps managers can take to reduce stress and burnout among employees. Performance management is crucial for addressing performance issues right away and giving constructive criticism through regular performance reviews. Providing wellness programs, health insurance, and stress management initiatives can also promote physical and mental well-being among employees. Developing inspiring leaders who motivate their teams and serve as role models can also help managers retain employees. Conducting exit interviews and analyzing turnover data can reveal trends and systemic issues that can be addressed. Implementing financial incentives for staff performance, such as sales commissions, profit-sharing, and stock options, can also be beneficial. Creating diverse and inclusive workplaces, training and development programs, and continuously assessing and adjusting HR policies and practices to changing needs and industry trends are also effective methods to reduce employee turnover. Conducting regular staff surveys to assess work satisfaction and highlight areas for improvement, providing employee assistance programs for personal or professional issues, and improving team cohesion through team-building exercises are other ways that managers can reduce turnover and increase profitability.

I would say it is better to consider the sustainable use of materials rather than whether a single material is sustainable. Tink about what function you need your material(s) to have and then draw up key performance indicators associated with the function, e.g. strength, durability, carbon footprint, cost, etc. You could then rate various materials against these KPIs.

Sorry, I should have looked at the publication page more carefully. It seems that ResearchGate has wrongly attributed a publication to your profile, and then you uploaded your PDF of another publication to this page. You should first remove the PDF from ResearchGate - see https://help.researchgate.net/hc/en-us/articles/14293099743121-How-to-make-content-private-or-remove-it for instructions. Then remove this publication page from your profile, see "A publication in my profile doesn’t belong to me" in https://help.researchgate.net/hc/en-us/articles/14292798510993 for instructions. Then create a page for your own publication and upload the file again (see "How to add research", https://help.researchgate.net/hc/en-us/articles/14293005132305).

Mk Karthi ,

Here's another list for you Mk Karthi .

there are no strong logic in every measurement by flexible, fiat money. Therefore any real rezult could be reached only when you will use the strong physical units in the mathematical measurement of public financial perfomance.

For example you can use the units of human hours of labor needed for create product, complex structure of the product, and so on

Dear Wondmyibza Tsegaye Bayou

Massive thanks, unfortunately there isn't my interest field ( Hydraulic Structure)

Certainly, here are 10 advanced Ph.D. research topics in the field of Data Science in Economics:

You could draw inspiration from the topics provided above and below.

I agree with Madelaine and think that exploratory qualitative interviews with key informants on your topic might be a good first step. Assuming you can identify ( and have access to) those who have either experienced the topic/problem you want to investigate or have some expert knowledge about it, you can start with some interviews with those individuals. Good luck!

The thesis project is a crucial milestone in one's academic journey as well as in their future professional career. It provides the opportunity to delve into topics that will prove valuable in the future. Given the time required to compose the thesis, it is advisable to select a subject that will enhance our expertise and provide a sense of accomplishment.

تجربه من

در این امور به من می گوید که هیچکس بهتر از خودتان نمی تواند به خود شما کمک کند.. از این جهت که مواردی که جای کار بیشتر را دارد شناسائی کنید و علاوه بر این علاقه و نگاه به آینده

البته بنده خیلی سال قبل در پونه دنبال قضیه دکترایم بودم و سه پروپوزالی که به هند بردم را نپسندیدند آنچه برایم جلب توجه می کرد نگاه فوق العاده سنتی گروه علم اطلاعات دانشگاه پونه بود که موضوعات جدید را برنمی تابیدند و علاوه برآن بیشتر می خواستند بدانند در کشور کسی که برای تحصیل آمده حول آن رشته تحصیلی چه می گذرد در هر صورت گروه هر سه پروپوزال را رد و آنچه مورد نظر خودشان بود را مطرح و دفاع از پروپوزال و پذیرش

البته بعد من قضیه تحصیل در هند را رها کردم

در هر صورت منظورم این است که اگر در دانشگاه شما هم چنین می کنند اول باید با خود گروه و خصوصا استاد راهنمایتان هماهنگ شوید

سال هشتاد و پنج من کتابی تالیف و منتشر کردم که هنوز هم مهم و تکست آزمون دکترا هست

یعنی این کتاب

بازیابی پیوسته:نظام ها و روش ها

متن کامل را سال بیست بیست و دو در همین ریسرچ گیت آپلود کردم

آن را مطالعه و خصوصا فصل های مربوط به روش جستجو در پایگاه های اطلاعاتی

البته شاید هم به خوبی اینها را بدانیدد

دیگرفصلی از کتاب

نگارش مقاله که آن هم تالیف خودم و یکی از استادانم بود را هم در رابطه با نحوه پیدا کردن موضوع مناسب بر مقاله و تحقیق و رساله برایتان پیوست کرده ام

بنظرم جواب های من به پرسش هایی که ممکن است به نحوی به سوال شما مربوط باشد را هم مطالعه کنید که مهمترین آنها اینها هستند

در کل معمولا اشخاص علاقه ای به اینکه اگر چیزی می دانند که به قول خودشان یونیک هست صحبتی نمی کنند و یا اینکه همکاری نمی کنند پس بهتر است خودتان دست به کار شوید

البته بررسی چند ساله من نشان می دهد که به هر ترتیبی بتوانید بین تحقیقات خود و شبکه های اجتماعی ارتباطی برقرار کنید و مطالعات خود را به آن سمت ببرید بسیار مفید خواهد بود که خود به جهت رشد روز افزون این رسانه ها می باشد

موفق باشید

Several research topics on the impact of leadership on successful implementation of projects include topics such as how organizational leaders can enhance productivity, how company leaders can retain the best employees, how to improve decision making in an organization, how to implement effective leadership styles, and how leaders can support succession in their organizations.