Science topic

SPSS - Science topic

Explore the latest questions and answers in SPSS, and find SPSS experts.
Questions related to SPSS
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
7 answers
I have a question. I made a comparison between women and men on a series of attitudes concerning romantic relationships. Significant differences were found in a line of T-tests, but I also wanted to say something about the great similarity between the two groups in relation to many issues such as recovery time from separation, responsibility for keeping in touch, and more.
Correct me if I'm wrong, but the places where similarity is found, or no difference is found between women and men, is an important finding no less than significant results in a t-test for differences
Now here is the question
What measure of similarity between groups do we have? Is there is a procedure in SPSS that can give an idea of the extent of similarity
Or should I assume that everything that has no difference has similarity? And how do you claim it?
📷
11כל הרגשות:
Relevant answer
Answer
Hello Ornat Turin. If you do want to read up on equivalence testing, I think the following articles are quite accessible:
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
13 answers
Hello fellow researchers,
In my research, I investigate two members of the same household. The members of the same household share the same ID number (Nomem_encr). I want to retain household pairs where one member is the household head (position=1) and the other member is the residing child (position=5). Currently, alongside the pairs I desire (position=1 and position=5), I also have household pairs where both members are household heads (position=1 and position=1) or both are residing children (position=5 and position=5). How can I remove these unwanted pairs without losing my desired pairs using SPSS?
Kind Regards,
Raquel
Relevant answer
Answer
Hello Raquel Garcia. It will be much easier to give advice if you provide a small dataset showing how your data is set up. Judging from what you said about the members of pairs sharing the same ID number (Nomem_encr), I think you probably have a LONG file structure, with one row per person, so two rows per pair. But even if that is true, there are other unanswered questions. E.g.,
  • How many rows per ID number are possible?
  • What are the other possible values for the position variable (if any)?
Thank you for clarifying.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
3 answers
how to do calibration curves for the prediction models in SPSS, i think it is important in addition to the external validation
Relevant answer
Answer
Amount of bleeding, or presence of bleeding (yes/no)? If the latter, then the Cross Validated thread I mentioned earlier looks relevant.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
1 answer
I'm the student of M.Phil English, my interest area is to explore teachers perception on implementing inquiry based teaching. I need your guidance regarding theory or theoratical model. In my base paper there is Constructivist theory along with mixed method qualitative and quantitative along with interviews and questionnaire survey. The researcher has not used smart Pls or SPSS to run the data. What'll be suitable for me? Which theory or theoretical model I should use
Relevant answer
Answer
A theoretical model is very different from an analysis tool such as smart Pls or SPSS. If you want to test a theoretical model, you first need to specify hypotheses that can converted into measurable variables, then you would conduct a survey to collect data on those variables, which you would analyze with smart Pls or SPSS.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
3 answers
Hello,
I have data in SPSS from a scale I did, I have 1 variable which is age (separated into 3 categories using values of 1-3), a 2nd variable which is gender (again separated into 3 categories using value), and finally, I have a 3rd IV of education level (this is separated into 5 categories), I need to compare each category against their scores on a 10 item scale.
I am measuring attitudes, each person completed the same scale and I have input them into SPSS but I am unsure which test I need to do to see if there is a difference between each variable's category and their scale scores.
Relevant answer
Answer
In your case, you have one dependent variable and three independent variables, which will result in comparing a scale variable between different groups resulting from different combinations of variables. For this analysis,you need to use Independent Factorial ANOVA. Another option is to use the multiple regression analysis. Best wishes
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
4 answers
In my research, I have 11 multiple-choice questions about environmental knowledge, each question with one correct option, three incorrect options, and one "I don't know" option (5 options in total). When I coded my data into SPSS (1 for correct and 0 for incorrect responses) and ran a reliability analysis (Cronbach's Alpha), it was around 0,330. I also ran a KR20 analysis since the data is dichotomous but still not over 0,70.
These eleven questions have been used in previous research, and when I checked them, they all stated a reliability over 0,80 with a similar sampling to the sampling of my research. This got me thinking whether I was doing something wrong.
Low reliability might be caused by each question measuring knowledge from different environmental topics? If this is the case, do I still have to state its reliability when using the results in my study? For example, I can give correct and incorrect response percentages, calculate the sum points, etc.
Thank you!
Relevant answer
Answer
If the questions tap into different topics (i.e., in case of multidimensionality), it likely does not make sense to apply a reliability measure such as Cronbach's alpha. Alpha implies a unidimensional scale/measurement model (i.e., all items measuring a single common factor).
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
13 answers
I am using IBM SPSS version 21 as a statistical analysis software. My research is about comparing 2 diferent populations. Let's say it's group A and group B.
Each group has variables changing between 2 different timelines : T0 and T1, and these variables are qualitative. Let's say one of these variables is called X.
X is coded either 0 for no, or 1 for yes.
As a qualitative variable, the frequency of X is calculated in percentage by SPSS.
The difference between the frequencies in T0 and T1 is calculated manually by this formula : ( Freq of X(T0) in group A - Freq of X (T1) in group A )/ Freq of X(T0) in group A * 100
So we obtain the variation between these 2 timelines in percentage.
My question is : how do i compare the variation of group A versus the variation of group B between these two timelines (T0 and T1) using SPSS ?
Relevant answer
Answer
Thank you for clarifying, Mariam Mabrouk. In that case, I see that you have two possible ways to account for the correlated nature of the data:
1) Using GENLIN with generalized estimating equations (GEE); or
2) Using GENLINMIXED with occasions clustered within patients.
In both cases, I would likely choose a logit model.
For option 1, there are some relevant examples here:
For option 2, this book has some relevant info:
Cheers,
Bruce
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
3 answers
Hi! My hypothesis have 2 Likert scaled variables to check the effect on one dichotomous dependent variable. Which test to put in SPSS? Can the dichotomous variable later be checked as a DV in mediation analyses?
Relevant answer
Answer
Usually logistic regression.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
2 answers
1. Is Smartpls the only way to deal with formative constructs?
If we have formative constructs, cant we use SPSS and AMOS? If not, that means that all the studies done on SPSS and AMOS are having only reflective constructs (having similar meaning items)?
2. What to do if i have formative constructs, but want to do EFA & CFA?. Can I do ANOVA, MANOVA and other multivariate tests on formative constructs?
Relevant answer
Answer
Hi Karan
1. No. In SPSS you could run a principal component analysis which is a model for causal indictors. In AMOS you could set up a model with causal indictors, although there will some restrictions - have a look at some more brilliant work by Bollen on this issue doi: 10.1037/a0024448
2. Yes, you could use principal component analysis to do an 'EFA' although this would not strictly be a factor analysis, and a CFA could be set up with causal indictors.
Once you have a measurement model set up, the ANOVA or MANOVA are not too difficult to specify by using dummy coded variables (and maybe products if you want interactions). Have a look at some of Richard Bagozzi's work from back in the day - it's brilliant.
My usual suggestion when there are questions on formative/reflective constructs is to read everything Ken Bollen has written on this - start with the 'Conventional Wisdom' paper, it's one of the best papers on measurement that has ever been written.
Bollen, K., & Lennox, R. (1991). Conventional wisdom on measurement: A structural equation perspective. Psychological Bulletin, 110(2), 305–314. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.110.2.305
1991 was a good year for the nerds!
Mark
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
5 answers
Hey! I want to know the hazard ratio for male vs female using keplan-meier survival command, however so far in SPSS they can only compute survival plot and statistic significance without telling me the Hazard Ratio, is there any way to compute it? (Using log rank, it only provides significance)
Relevant answer
Answer
Hello Fadhaa Aditya Kautsar Murti. I don't know where you got "Add more covariates/predictors" in Babyak's article. The second suggestion in that section was to combine predictors if there is a sensible way to do so. And doing that would reduce the number of degrees of freedom eaten up by predictors. Indeed, noticed what the first sentence of that section says:
"One obvious approach to preserve degrees of freedom is to
reduce the number of predictors in the model."
You asked about hazard rates, which implies that you have a survival model. For survival models, the limiting sample size is the number of events. Babyak's recommendation is that you have at least 10-15 events per explanatory variable degree of freedom. Nowadays, Frank Harrell recommends at least 20 EPV.
I hope this helps.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
4 answers
I have eight index items but respondents are randomly assigned to answer four of the eight items. How do I create an index based on the items. I can't simply ask the eight items together because everyone has missing data so no one is included in the completed index. Thanks for your help!
Relevant answer
Answer
Hello Kim L. Fridkin. It's good to hear that you figured it out. However, someone else who has the same question might find this thread some day and wish that you had explained how you figured it out. Does Jürgen Maier's post show the solution you arrived at? If so, please confirm. If not, please show how you figured it out. Thanks.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
3 answers
1. If I plan to do all data analysis using IBM SPSS and not using AMOS, do i need to do CFA?
2. If not, then how to judge convergent and discriminant validity of the instrument (survey questionnaire)?.
3. This doubt has come because, if I am not doing SEM, then why should i develop a measurement model in AMOS.
Relevant answer
Answer
In Spss, by default there is only EFA and not CFA. So, if you need CFA, better to use someother softwares such as AMOS etc.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
1 answer
Hi all!
I've been collecting data on a group of 8 chimpanzees at Chester Zoo for my dissertation. The group consists of 4x males and 4x females, all of which have different hierarchical status' and ages.
I have been doing random focal observations with a checksheet consisting of 4 state behaviours (timed) and 6 behaviours (frequencies). I would start a random focal observation when a stressful context arose (such as high visitor numbers, anticipation to feeding, or feeding time)and denote the durations or frequencies of behaviours exhibited by that individual for 15 minutes. Then at the following visit, I would observe the same individual at the same time but under a non-stressful context (therefore utilising the Matched Control Method).
This process repeated for 4 months and I now have a complete data set.
I am <really> struggling on 1. How to use SPSS, and 2. What tests would be ideal to use? As you can imagine there is quite alot of data which hold different values so you can hopefully see my confusion around this.
Ideally, the statistical analysis of my data will reveal which contexts in the zoo precipitate an increase in stress the most (e.g. high visitor numbers, anticipation to feeding, feeding). I also want to be able to compare this data to the hierarchial status' and ages of the individuals.
Any help would be so appreciated. Thanks in advance!
Relevant answer
Answer
I have. YouTube video on which test to use. My channel also has videos of tests using PSPP which is a freeware clone of SPSS. You will find it useful for your study.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
9 answers
I need to find if the relationship between two variables is linear or not. I'm using IBM SPSS. I found that some people apply Test for Linearity (Analyze->Compare Means->Options->Test for linearity) while others apply Regression Test (Analyze->Regression->Linear). What is the difference between these two tests and how to interpret the results? I applied the Test of Linearity but I don't know how to interpret the results. Please guide me。 (Screenshot attached)
Relevant answer
Answer
I don't really want to write a discussion of the new results, because it would feel as if I was doing your homework. But here is an outline based on what I posted for the previous analysis. You can carry out the needed calculations (of percentages) and fill in the relevant statistics.
  • The the overall effect of Depression (the ordered set of 4 groups) is or is not statistically significant (report the relevant statistics).
  • The test for a linear trend accounts for X% of the variability between depression groups. It is or is not statistically significant (report the relevant statistics).
  • The test for all nonlinear trends combined accounts for X% of the variability between depression groups. It is or is not statistically significant (report the relevant statistics).
You also asked:
Also how can I compare the interpretation for Depression*Exam and Depression*Exam2 ?
I'm not entirely sure what you mean. Are you thinking of a quantitative comparison, or a qualitative comparison? Maybe someone else will understand what you mean.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
5 answers
I really want to learn about I really want to learn about Linear Mixed-Effects Modeling
in SPSS or Mixed Models for Logistic Regression in SPSS. Can you show me:
1. Theory of those two models
2. How to run in SPSS
3. Is there a way to select variables into mixed models and random effects models?
Thank you
in SPSS or Mixed Models for Logistic Regression in SPSS. Can you show me:
1. Theory of those two models
2. How to run in SPSS
3. Is there a way to select variables into mixed models and random effects models?
Thank you
Relevant answer
Answer
Good morning Dr Quynh Nguyen Duc, I wish I was a Professor. But just Ms.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
2 answers
Hello, I am trying to evaluate the group differences of the change from baseline in an EEG index (fMMN_amplitude), using the Linear Mixed Models process. I entered Cluster (three groups), time (two visits), Cluster × time interaction as fixed effects, baseline MMN_amplitude value as a covariate, and participant as a random effect for the intercept. I used EMMEANS to obtain the change from baseline of MMN_amplitude in each Cluster. Picture 1 is the command lines I used.
However, I could not find a way to compare the change values between groups. Can someone please let me know if there is a way to acquire such group differences and the effect sizes, just like the mean difference versus placebo in the Picture 2 (from DOI: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30513-7). It's like computing [(g2t2 - g2t1) - (g1t2 - g1t1)]. SPSS command lines will be best, GUI operations are also fine. Any help will be appreciated!!
Sincerely,
Greatson Wu
Relevant answer
Answer
Hello Greatson. I’m assuming you have your data in long/tall format (i.e., one row for each observation), and that your baseline covariate is the first observation of your outcome variable. If I have that correct … then you do not need to control for the baseline covariate. This is handled with your time variable (as a within variable). To find differences across groups, duplicate your last line of code (i.e., the EEMEANS for the interaction) and modify it to “COMPARE(Cluster)” instead.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
2 answers
I want to see if there is a difference in age structure between male and female fish so I have ages from 0.5 to 8.5 and the number of each sex at that age but I dont know which variables I use in the chi squared
Relevant answer
Answer
Yes Amy, you have to put your ages into categories.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
3 answers
Hi all!
I've been collecting data on a group of 8 chimpanzees at Chester Zoo for my dissertation. The group consists of 4x males and 4x females, all of which have different hierarchical status' and ages.
I have been doing random focal observations with a checksheet consisting of 4 state behaviours (timed) and 6 behaviours (frequencies). I would start a random focal observation when a stressful context arose (such as high visitor numbers, anticipation to feeding, or feeding time)and denote the durations or frequencies of behaviours exhibited by that individual for 15 minutes. Then at the following visit, I would observe the same individual at the same time but under a non-stressful context (therefore utilising the Matched Control Method).
This process repeated for 4 months and I now have a complete data set.
I am <really> struggling on 1. How to use SPSS, and 2. What tests would be ideal to use? As you can imagine there is quite alot of data which hold different values so you can hopefully see my confusion around this.
Ideally, the statistical analysis of my data will reveal which contexts in the zoo precipitate an increase in stress the most (e.g. high visitor numbers, anticipation to feeding, feeding). I also want to be able to compare this data to the hierarchial status' and ages of the individuals.
Any help would be so appreciated. Thanks in advance!
Relevant answer
Answer
Hi Amber, I would recommend ; SPSS analysis without anguish book.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
4 answers
If a research has 3 independent variables and each variable has 10 components; To perform exploratory factor analysis, should I do the kmo test for independent variables separately or should I do this test for all variables at the same time?
Relevant answer
Answer
If you already have an assignment of variables to factors, then you should use Confirmatory rather than Exploratory Factor Analysis.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
3 answers
is there any mistake in the data or there is a probability of no connection between the variables? Kindly help me with the interpretation. Also, explain me the R square as well. I have attached the framework too.
Relevant answer
Answer
You need to pay attention to the statistical significance of your coefficients. In particular, a negative correlation that is not significant means that it is not different from zero.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
5 answers
Hi,
Can anyone explain if there is a better system available to analyze data than the IBM SPSS?
Thank you,
Ameenah
Relevant answer
Answer
R in many ways is more flexible, and it is free:
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
6 answers
I am using a Questionnaire that generates a total score using Likert scale responses 1-5 however there is an option for "Not applicable" how should this values be treated
Relevant answer
Answer
Actually, Bruce Weaver is asking a very important question! If these items are ones you wrote yourself, then before you add them up you need to verify that they meet an objective criterion for a unidimensional scale. I tend to recommend Mokken scaling here, because it's based on a strong definition of a scale and it's nonparametric. It begins by finding the two items that best scale together, then adding items until there are no items left that belong with the scale. Then it examines the remaining items and tries to do this again, and so on until the item pool is empty or the remabning items are orphans.
You can use R or Stata but I don't know about SPSS.
YOu can read more about it here:
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
5 answers
Originally, I intended to conduct independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA in SPSS for analysing my data. However, when I examined the normality of the dependent variable (DV) for checking their assumptions, it showed that my DV is highly skewed as the attached photo.
My DV is measured through an open-ended question and it is a continuous variable about participants’ predictions of the duration of an emotion, ranging from 0 to almost 300 unit. Sample size is around 1000.
Since the normality assumption is violated, I am wondering:
  1. Whether I should conduct (1) nonparametric tests instead (e.g. Mann-Whitney u test and Kruskal-Wallis H test) or (2) a generalised linear model (which allows for the DV to have a non-normal distribution) by specifying the model as gamma with log link instead? Or (3) conduct both but when reporting the results, I say something like “because the results are similar, I will only report the parametric ones” (which is the generalised linear model)?
  2. I am also interested in examining the moderating effect of a categorical variable on the relationship between a continuous IV and a DV. Therefore, even if the answer to question 1 is "conducting non-parametric tests", I still would like to know whether I can perform the generalised linear model and examine the interaction of the IV and moderator, even my DV is not normally distributed?
Thank you in advance for your advice.
Relevant answer
Answer
Your distribution looks like a reaction times distribution. Maybe this acticle by Robert Helan can help:
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
3 answers
In my study, I have a within-subject independent variable (the DV was measured twice for each participant), and I am also interested in examining the effect of participants’ demographic characteristics (between-subject) on the dependent variable. Therefore, I am running a mixed model ANOVA using SPSS.
Here are my questions:
  1. I noticed that the SPSS output of the mixed model ANOVA is slightly different (in both the main effects of the two IVs and their interaction effect) when I (1) run the analyses for each demographic characteristic individually and (2) include all the demographic characteristics in the between-subjects factor column simultaneously. Why is this the case? (Is this related to multiple comparisons and type I error? and/or different missing data in the multiple analyses?) And which one is the correct way to do so?
  2. One of the demographic characteristics I am interested in examining is a continuous variable (e.g. age). However, since the IV must be categorical for ANOVA, can I include the continuous variable as a covariate in the analysis but interpret the results the same as if it is an independent variable? If not, then what analysis can I perform in SPSS to examine the effect of a continuous between-subject IV on a continuous DV, along with the categorical within-subject IV?
Thank you in advance for your advice.
Relevant answer
Answer
Hello,
Yes, you can interpret and report the results of a continuous covariate (e.g., age) as a main effect, similar to an independent variable. Phrases like 'when controlling for...' indicate that the effects of covariates have been accounted for in the analysis.
Hope this helps.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
1 answer
In detail, when utilizing the data from 1998 to 2014 as the training dataset, the Ljung-Box (Q) statistic, particularly Ljung-Box (18), is not generated in SPSS. However, if the analysis incorporates the entire dataset spanning from 1998 to 2021, the statistics are produced without issue.
Relevant answer
Answer
I think the 0 degrees of freedoms explains the problem, as you add more years the degrees of freedom will increase enabling the estimates to be calculated
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
21 answers
For our 2x2 experiment (4 groups), we found that those in condition A did recognize their manipulation accurately, but that there is a spillover effect and the two groups in condition B also report different levels of A.
- 2x2 scenario experiment on e-mails
- condition 1 content positive vs negative
- condition 2 tone polite vs impolite
What we see is that the two groups in positive content rate their email as more positive in content than those in negative content - so manipulation successful. But, those in polite tone also rate their e-mail als more positive in content than those in the impolite tone condition. But the F-values are quite far apart.
How do I show that despite this spillover, the F-value of the manipulation of content is so much greater (signif) than the F-value for the tone groups?
I want to show that these two F-values differ significantly - right? Using SPSS, could anyone recommend the steps to take here. I've been recommended a Wald test but am struggling.
Relevant answer
Answer
Hello Lilian Hoogenboom. I find your wording confusing. In particular, I do not know why you want to compare two F-values.
Here is my guess as to what you have.
  • Y = a rating of some kind about the email, and it is sensible and defensible to use means & SDs as descriptive statistics
  • Factor A = Positivity of Content (positive vs negative)
  • Factor B = Tone of email (polite vs impolite)
From what you said, I speculate that factor A (positivity of content) is your focal variable (i.e., the variable of primary interest), and B (tone) is being viewed as a potential "moderator", or as I prefer to call it, effect modifier. If I'm still on track here, the F-test for the interaction term is a test of the null hypothesis that the simple main effects of positivity for the polite and impolite groups do not differ. I speculate that the F-test for the interaction addresses your question. If I am wrong about that, you'll have to have another go at explaining what your question is. HTH.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
4 answers
I am conducting a study that involves analyzing categorical outcome variables with multiple levels and want to employ multinomial logistic regression analysis in SPSS for my data. However, I'm uncertain about the appropriate steps and procedures to follow in SPSS to conduct this analysis accurately. Specifically, I need guidance on how to input my data, set up the model, interpret the output, and assess the model's goodness-of-fit. Any detailed explanations, step-by-step instructions, or recommended resources regarding multinomial logistic regression analysis in SPSS would be greatly appreciated.
Relevant answer
Answer
A Google search on <ucla spss multinomial logistic regression> will direct you to several good resources.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
4 answers
I think SPSS made my computer slow. Be careful when run in your computer.
Relevant answer
Answer
R + emacs
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
1 answer
Hello everyone, for my dissertation I have two predictor variables and one criterion variable. In one of the predictor variable- I further have 5 domains and it doesn't have a global score so in that case can i used multiple regression or i have to perform step wise linear regression seperately for 6 predictors(5 domains and another predictor) ?- keeping in mind the assumption of multicollinearity.
Relevant answer
Answer
There are two different issues here. The first is with regard to step-wise regression, which is a very old-fashioned technique which is no longer widely accepted. Instead, you should indeed use multiple regression.
The other issue is with regard to multicolinearity. Since you predictors will almost certainly be inter-correlated, you will thus have some degree of multicolinearity. But this goes back your wanting to keep the 5 domains separate, since it is their degree of inter-correlation that creates the multicolinearity.
Have you considered using Structural Equation Analysis, or exploratory factor analysis to clarify whether your 5 domains truly are statistically distinct, as opposed to indicators of a single larger domain.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
4 answers
Theory suggests that these latent variables (SEFM, SEFI, SIF, and SER) variables are correlated.
Relevant answer
Answer
Only the residual (disturbance, error) terms can be correlated for endogenous (dependent) variables in a path/SEM model. The reason is that the covariance of endogenous variables is not a free parameter but a function of other free model parameters. You should be able to include covariances among the residual/error/disturbance (e) terms.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
3 answers
hi, i'm currently writing my psychology dissertation where i am investigating "how child-oriented perfectionism relates to behavioural intentions and attitudes towards children in a chaotic versus calm virtual reality environment".
therefore i have 3 predictor variables/independent variables: calm environment, chaotic environment and child-oriented perfectionism
my outcome/dependent variables are: behavioural intentions and attitudes towards children.
my hypotheses are:
  1. participants will have more negative behavioural intentions and attitudes towards children in the chaotic environment than in the calm environment.
  2. these differences (highlighted above) will be magnified in participants high in child-oriented perfectionism compared to participants low in child oriented perfectionism.
i used a questionnaire measuring child-oriented perfectionism which will calculate a score. then participants watched the calm environment video and then answered the behavioural intentions and attitudes towards children questionnaires in relation to the children shown in the calm environment video. participants then watched the chaotic environment video and then answered the behavioural intentions and attitudes towards children questionnaire in relation to the children in the chaotic environment video.
i am unsure whether to use a multiple linear regression or repeated measures anova with a continuous moderator (child-oriented perfectionism) to answer my research question and hypotheses. please please can someone help!
Relevant answer
Answer
1. participants will have more negative behavioural intentions and attitudes towards children in the chaotic environment than in the calm environment.
--- because there were only two conditions (levels of your factor), you can use a paired t-test (or wilcoxon if nonparametric) to compare the behavioral intentions/attitudes between the calm and chaotic environment where the same participants were subjected to both environments.
2. these differences (highlighted above) will be magnified in participants high in child-oriented perfectionism compared to participants low in child oriented perfectionism.
--- indeed this is a simple linear regression (not multiple one), you can start with creating a new dependent variable (y) as the difference in behavioral intentions/attitudes between the calm and chaotic environment, then you run a regression on the independent variable of a perfectionism score (x).
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
5 answers
My current study has almost 1000 responses. However, for one of the item I am interested in examining, it is not normally distributed (see attached image 1 for your reference). Since participants’ responses are really diverse on that item, so even removing some of the extreme outliers still cannot solve the problem.
I would like to run a moderation analysis using this item as the dependent variable. From different source of information on the Internet, I learned that normality should not be an issue for PROCESS macro as it provides the function to bootstrap.
From one tutorial, I saw that in order to not to care about the normality issue, we should select the “Bootstrap inference for model coefficients” option (see attached image 2 for your reference). However, from the other tutorials I read, they only mention about the number of bootstrap samples, without mentioning that we have to select the “Bootstrap inference for model coefficients” option. I tried to run the analyses with and without this option, and it changed from significant interaction effect of IV and moderator (when this option is not selected) to insignificant (when this option is selected).
I cannot really find the purpose of the “Bootstrap inference for model coefficients” option in Hayes's book or on the Internet, and I am also not really good at statistics. Therefore, I would like your help in the following:
  1. Is bootstrapping performed even if I did not select the “Bootstrap inference for model coefficients” option in SPSS PROCESS macro?
  2. If my dependent variable is not normally distributed, should I select the “Bootstrap inference for model coefficients” option to ensure more accurate results? If possible, can you also explain a little bit what this option is about?
Thank you in advance for your kind assistance.
Relevant answer
Answer
Pcl Lee, why do you think it necessary to use the PROCESS macro for (so-called) moderation analysis? If you are using the term moderation the way most people use it nowadays, all you mean is that you wish to include an interaction in your model. PROCESS is not needed to estimate and interpret a model with an interaction in it. This UCLA Textbook Examples page shows some Cox regression models with interaction terms, for example, with no PROCESS macro in sight! ;-)
HTH.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
6 answers
The AVE of the scale is below 0.5 and rest of the parameters viz. CR and discriminant validity are above the threshold level
Relevant answer
Answer
AVE is influenced by factor loadings. If they are below 0.7 you will have problems with AVE. If you have enough indicators that load to a factor with a problematic AVE, remove the ones with low factor loading and try again (one by one). But always try to make a sense of it, not just pure numbers.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
4 answers
Hello!
I have done psychometric analysis using both SPSS and R, and the values are similar, but some are not the same, is this usual? Has it happened to anyone else even with same estimators?
Thank you for your feedback on this matter.
All the best,
Ana
Relevant answer
Answer
It is not unusual to see slight differences in model estimates based on the software used. Grieder and Steiner (2022) authored an interesting paper comparing EFA models estimated with the psych package in R and the FACTOR algorithm in SPSS.
These same authors also created the EFAtools R package as a means of creating replicable PAF estimated EFA models regardless of software.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
7 answers
SPSS doesn't offer Aligned Rank sum test in version 17-21? If one were to report a multiple time data where continuous variable werent normal, would normalizing and using anova not amount to simple split plot anova? what of if the data is ranked originally, how can one handle it possible with these older SPSS versions?
Relevant answer
Answer
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
4 answers
I performed the mixed model ANOVA analyses and repeated measures analyses.
I need answer for this question:
What is considered small, medium or large effect size and cite reference as needed? Also explain, how should I calculate or examine effect size. I used SPSS.
Relevant answer
Answer
Common effect size measures for ANOVA are:
  • Eta Squared (η2): This is often used for between-subjects, one-way, or factorial ANOVA, as well as repeated measures ANOVA.
  • Cohen’s F1
  • Omega Squared (ω2)
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
4 answers
I am a bit confused about the interaction effect of a two-way ANOVA and moderation.
Example:
For example, I want to examine how the intensity of exercise (i.e. 1 = walking; 2 = running) affects the amount of calories burned. I suspect that higher intensity exercise (i.e. running than walking) lead to more calories burned. However, I suspect that the gender of the participants may also have an effect. For example, among male, higher intensity exercise should lead to more calories burned than female.
In this case, should I use (1) two-way anova, and see whether the two independent variables (i.e. "intensity of exercise" and "gender of the participants") have a significant interaction effect; OR (2) moderation analysis using PROCESS Macro of SPSS and see whether the interaction term of the independent variable (i.e. "intensity of exercise") and the moderator (i.e. "gender") is significant?
My confusion:
To me, it seems that no matter which analyses, as long as it gives me a significant result, I can still interpret the result the same way, and answer my hypothesis. Therefore, I would like to know the rationale in choosing which analyses to use in similar cases. Is it related to the nature of my variables (i.e. categorical/ continuous) or are there other reasons?
Can anybody help? Thank you.
Relevant answer
Answer
The interaction effect in a two-way ANOVA and moderation in regression analysis are conceptually similar but are used in different contexts depending on the nature of the variables and the analysis goals.
In a two-way ANOVA, the interaction effect examines whether the effect of one independent variable on the dependent variable differs across the levels of another independent variable. In your example, a two-way ANOVA would allow you to test whether the effect of exercise intensity on calories burned is different for males and females. A significant interaction effect would suggest that the relationship between exercise intensity and calories burned depends on gender. Two-way ANOVA is typically used when both independent variables are categorical.
Moderation analysis, often conducted using regression techniques such as the PROCESS Macro in SPSS, examines whether the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable is influenced by a third variable (the moderator). If gender is considered a moderator variable, you would include an interaction term (exercise intensity * gender) in your regression model to test for moderation. A significant interaction term would indicate that the relationship between exercise intensity and calories burned differs by gender. Moderation is a broader term that encompasses interactions but is used within a regression framework, which can handle both continuous and categorical variables.
The choice between two-way ANOVA and moderation analysis can depend on several factors, including the type of variables you are working with (categorical or continuous), the theoretical framework guiding your hypothesis, and the specific research questions you aim to answer. If your variables are categorical and you are primarily interested in differences between groups, a two-way ANOVA may be appropriate. If you have a mix of categorical and continuous variables, or if you are interested in the conditional effects of one variable on another, moderation analysis in a regression context would be more suitable.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
4 answers
I am analysing a set of data which have both within-subject and between-subject variables. However, since my assigned task is just simply focusing on part of this data set, I am not interested in examining the within-subject variable.
To make you understand it easier, here is an example:
The original study is to examine how the branding of the product (independent variable) affects participants' happiness (dependent variable), and all participants are required to try both brand A and brand B product. However, extending from this original study, I was asked to examine how participants' demographic may actually affect their happiness instead.
My questions are:
  1. Can I run a mixed model ANOVA and only focus on the main effect of the between-subject variable while ignore the main effect of the within-subject variable and the interaction effect? Is this an acceptable way to analyse the data for academic publication?
  2. Since participants are required to try both brand A and brand B product, my dependent variable is recorded by two separated columns in the data set (one for brand A's dv and another for brand B's dv). So, what should I do if the analyses that I want to run does not allow me to specify the within-subject variable. Even if I use the "restructure" function in SPSS and make the dependent variable to be in one column only, I still cannot run the analyses as it violated the assumption of the test (e.g. independence of observation) and make the results less reliable. For example, I want to run the moderation analyses using PROCESS Marco in SPSS, but it only allow me to put one item in the dependent variable option. I can restructure the data, so that my dependent variable would only be in one column. However, I still cannot run the analyses as it violated the assumption of independence of observation. In this case, what should I do?
How can I solve these problems using SPSS? Can anyone help? Thank you
Relevant answer
Answer
If your research question(s) is/are completely addressed by the between-Ss factors, then I would say YES in response to your first question. But I imagine that even in that case, reviewers and editors will probably want you to report all of the usual results from your mixed design ANOVA. And I think that's fair enough, given that readers may have other questions beyond your research question(s).
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
10 answers
Right now I am wondering what I might be possibly doing wrong with my SPSS syntax. I have got 2 already dichotomized variables and I would need to combine them to make the 3rd one.
If var1 and var2 = 0, than it should be 0, and if var1 or var2 = 1 (or both of them), then it should be 1.
I tried this syntax (and many more :D), it is just not working.
if(roboSV_19_more = 0 and roboSV_19_less = 0) roboSV_19_together = 0.
if(roboSV_19_more = 1 or roboSV_19_less = 1) roboSV_19_together = 1.
I would be very greatful for any of your help, tipps and tricks. Thank you!
Relevant answer
Answer
Maksim Sokolovskii, I am surprised that you prefer to use a spreadsheet for a task like this. Using code in a statistical software package has the great benefit of documenting exactly what was done and making it reproducible.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
2 answers
I have data from a questionnaire study structured like so:
  • Age - Ordinal (18-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55+)
  • Gender - Nominal (Male, Female)
  • AnxietyType - Nominal (Self-diagnosed, Professionally diagnosed)
  • AnxietyYears - Scale
  • ChronicPain - Nominal (No, Yes)
  • Response - Ordinal (Strongly Agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree, Strongly disagree)
I am using SPSS to run an ordinal logistic regression with 'response' as my dependent variable and the other 5 as my independent variables.
When putting the data into SPSS I have coded it as follows:
  • Age - (18-24, 0) (25-34, 1) (35-44, 2) (45-54, 3) (55+, 4)
  • Gender - (Male, 0) (Female, 1)
  • AnxietyType - (Self-diagnosed, 0) (Professionally diagnosed, 1)
  • AnxietyYears - Scale
  • ChronicPain - (No, 0) (Yes, 1)
  • Response - (Strongly Agree, 1) (Agree, 2) (Neutral, 3) (Disagree, 4) (Strongly disagree, 5)
When I run the regression, this is my output with a significant result highlighted in yellow (attached).
From what I've read and understood about interpreting the results of an ordinal logistic regression, this is saying that:
"The odds ratio of being in a higher category of the dependent variable for males versus females is 2.244" which is saying that males are more likely to agree more strongly than females.
However, when I create a graph looking at the split of responses between males and females it shows that females are actually more likely to agree more strongly than males (see attached).
I would be grateful if anyone could help me to understand what I'm doing wrong - either in my modelling or my interpretation.
Relevant answer
Answer
Bruce Weaver - thank you so much for this, that is perfect. Once I reversed the coding for my DV it made perfect sense. Thank you again - I've been confused by this for days!
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
4 answers
Hello,
I greatly appreciate your help in my following statistic task. I need to reduce the number of financial ratios (FRs) - currently 20 - that best represent the firms' profitability in the technology sector. These 20 FRs were selected from 32 sources - practitioners and peer-reviewed articles.
I plan to reduce the 20 financial ratios through diverse steps, starting with the "Intercorrelation Matrix Analysis" applied to the 20 FRs of 10 companies (random sample) over the past five years, using SPSS (29). It will eliminate FRs with weak inter-correlation – i.e., ≤ ± .5.
FRs data will be derived from the firms' annual reports.
PROBLEM: How do I build the intercorrelation matrix with the 20 financial ratios data (tabulated in Excel) from 10 firms over the past five years using SPSS (29)?
Should I perform a Matrix Correlation Analysis over the period by the single firm? If so, how do I interrelate the results of the five Correlation Matrixes - one for each firm - to eliminate those financial ratios with weak correlation?
Or,
Is it correct to create a single Excel table with 20 variables (FRs) columns and 25 Rows (5 firms x 5 years) and then export it to SPSS for the correlation analysis?
Is there any better approach for this first reduction step?
Thank you very much for your time and support!
Relevant answer
Answer
These steps that you mentioned are a ready-made template that does not fit the question asked, nor does it fit the panel data type
Please keep this in mind because it is a common statistical error that leads to completely unreliable results.
Thank You.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
9 answers
I am trying to examine the effects of studentification on private residents in a studentified area, either it is positive or negative (which is coded as 1 or 0 respectively) as the dependent variable.
The independent variables are effects of studentification (across literatures) on 5-likert scale.
The question is am I to also dichotomies the likert scale responses from (strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree and disagree) to (1: positive, 0: negative)?
Relevant answer
Answer
If you want to apply logistic regression, your variables must be qualitative with a score of 2 * 2 To be able to calculate the relative risk factor and odds ratio.
There you have an example where we used logistic regression
Benefit from commenting on the results and displaying the tables
To understand the idea more..
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
3 answers
R. Shanthi's book ''MULTIVARIATE DATA ANALYSIS: Using SPSS and AMOS'' has been required for academic work. If there is someone who has this book, can I provide it? It is a big help for me.. Thanks
Relevant answer
Answer
It is not available for free, it is available on Amazon for $24.85
Therefore, I think there is a problem with sharing it or publishing parts of it publicly without the author’s consent.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
3 answers
I am conducting a cross-sectional study from NHANES database. I used the "Full.sample.2.year.interview.weight" to weight the data. However, I do not know where should I put the decimal to finish my data analysis.
The total sample size before weighting is 5639 participants.
If I put the decimal after 5 numbers, the sample size will be decreased by 50% and will be around 2700 participants.
If I put the decimal after 4 numbers, the sample size will be increased by 200% and will be more than 10,000 participants.
I am attaching a screen shot after weighting the data.
I used SPSS for analysis, tab (data), weight by "Full.sample.2.year.interview.weight".
Relevant answer
Answer
DISCLAIMER: I do not consider myself an expert on analysis of complex survey data, and I had no direct experience with NHANES. However, my Google search turned up this page, which you might find helpful.
What I read there makes me wonder if your Full.sample.etc. variable in the image you uploaded is the one that is called WTINT2YR on the CDC web page. I hope this helps move things along. And I hope that someone with relevant direct knowledge of NHANES jumps in!
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
4 answers
Would anyone happen to know how the percentages are calculated in SPSS for the predicted and observed categories? Is it something you can do by hand or does SPSS use some kind of internal calculation? The type of output I'm referring to is the screenshot below. Huge thanks in advance for any help!
Relevant answer
Answer
Hello Louise Rowland. Here is an example that shows how the classification table is generated. I hope this helps.
* Use the example show here:
.
NEW FILE.
DATASET CLOSE ALL.
SPSSINC GETURI DATA
FILETYPE=SAV DATASET=hsb2
.
* You may see an error message after the SPSSINC GETURI DATA
* command, but it appears not to matter.
COMPUTE honcomp = (write ge 60).
LOGISTIC REGRESSION honcomp with read science ses
/CATEGORICAL ses
/SAVE PRED(predprob).
* The default CUT() value is 0.5. See:
.
COMPUTE predhc = predprob GE 0.5.
FORMATS honcomp predhc (F1).
CROSSTABS honcomp BY predhc.
* Compare this crosstabulation to the Block 1 Classification table.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
3 answers
I am trying to report the results of a study that employs a 2 (between subjects: tx vs ctrl) X 4 (within subject: time :T0,T1, T2 and T3) mixed factorial ANOVA. I have analyzed the data using both SPSS and JAMOVI.
Personally, I find the JAMOVI results cleaner and the graphs of estimated marginal means much better because SPSS is not graphing with error bars at all. and JAMOVI tables are much simpler.
Question is: why does SPSS provide a multivariate table here for an analysis that is essentially univariate (One continuous DV), then follows it up with separate tables for within and between subjects factors?
Second, from the JAMOVI output, I have been using the interaction term posthoc testing to breakdown the significant interaction- I wanted to verify this is essentially doing the same thing as a simple main effects analysis. conceptually this is testing each level of each factor within each level of the other factor- so this should be okay, right?
Relevant answer
Answer
It is not true that SPSS cannot graph error bars. It is possible to show confidence intervals as well as standard errors. Maybe you use an old, outdated SPSS version?
ad 1) I think you description is not correct. The results from the multivariate table and the univariate tables should differ and you do NOT have ONE continous variable but 4, since you have 4 repeated measures. Using an ANOVA approach ist only one method to analyze repeated measures using difference scores. Another approach would be to use MANOVA, where your 4 repeated measures are considered as four DVs. Please have a look at Tabachnick & Fidell (2007) for a detailed description of this approach (a third option would be a multilevel model, which has been recommended instead of an ANOVA apporach in the last couple of years).
ad 2) Is the question if simple main effects are ok? Which post hoc analyzes are "okay" depends on your hypotheses and cannot be answered without further information.
Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (7th ed.). Boston, MA: pearson.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
2 answers
I will also need the interpretation concerning the reference variable.
Relevant answer
Answer
Yadpiroon Siri Thanks for your answer and sorry for misleading you. I should have written independent variable rather than dependent variable. The dependent variable is dichotomous (Return vs. not Return), while the independent variable comprises 3 categories: urban, rural and camp.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
23 answers
Is there a post hoc test for Kruskal-Wallis test rather than Bonferroni? AND why Bonferroni used as a reference post hoc test in non-parametric test in SPSS?
Relevant answer
Answer
I think there is some confusion in the nomenclature.
A post-hoc test is a test comparing two groups but that uses information from larger set of groups. This information is typically some kind of pooled variance estimate that must be available before any 2-group-comparison test can be performed. Therefore "post-hoc".
Notably, a post-hoc test does not control the family-wise error rate (FWER). If the FWER should be controlled, the p-values obtained from the post-hoc tests need to be corrected or adjusted for multiple testing. There are many methods available, some more and some less specialized, and each with its individual pros and cons in particular scenarios.
There are some post-hoc procedures combining a series of post-hoc tests and the control of the FWER among these tests. Examples are Tukey's or Dunnett's prodedures.
Bonferroni is a method to adjust p-values (or alpha) to control the FWER, not a post-hoc test. It cares only for the number of p-values (which should all be stochastically independent), not about where they come from.
Bonferroni might be applied to the p-values obtained from a series of Wilcoxon tests. But this is still not a host-hoc test, as each test uses only the information from the two groups being compared. The compared ranks are also different from the ranks used in the KW-test.
Dunn's procedure is a post-hoc test on ranks, as it calculates "z"-statistics based on the standard deviation of the ranks (from the KW test). The p-values are taken from the standard normal distribution and are not corrected to control the FWER. This may be achieved by subsequently applying a method to adjust the p-values, like Bonferroni (or Holm, or Sidak, or other methods). The procedure of using Dunn's (z-)tests with Bonferroni-correction of the p-values is called "Dunn-Bonferroni". This is a post-hoc procedure including a control of the FWER.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
5 answers
I found the macro and the dataset in David Kenny's website
But this macro was developed for versions 16 and 18, and I tried with the version 20 and it didnt work. Did anyone try to use this macro with the version 20 and it worked? Or does anyone have an updated version of the macro which is compatible with version 20?
Thanks in advance!
Relevant answer
Answer
Kenny, David <[email protected]>
Tue, 5 Dec, 02:15
Dear Dr. Asadollahi,
Sorry about that. A much better app is available at https://davidakenny.shinyapps.io/APIM_MM/
It is a shiny app and it runs on its own. You can download documentation at davidakenny.net/doc/APIM_MM.pdf
I hope you find it useful. I should update the page. See https://davidakenny.net/DyadR/DyadRweb.htm
for more information on other dyadic applications.
Dave
-------------------------------------------
From: A. Asadollahi <[email protected]>
Sent: Monday, December 4, 2023 4:36:11 PM
Subject: Does anyone have the APIM macro compatible with the 27th version of SPSS?
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
5 answers
I wish to use SPSS to achieve minimum-maximum normalization (from 0 to 1)) for 5 variables. How can I do that?
Relevant answer
Answer
Go to "Transform" in the top menu. Select "Compute Variable." Then. In the "Target Variable" box, enter a new name for your normalized variable, such as "Var1_Normalized." N]Thereafter, Replace "Var1" with the actual variable name. Repeat this process for each variable, changing the variable name accordingly. In the "Numeric Expression" box, enter the formula for normalization: scssCopy code(Var1 - MIN(Var1, Var2, Var3, Var4, Var5)) / (MAX(Var1, Var2, Var3, Var4, Var5) - MIN(Var1, Var2, Var3, Var4, Var5)) and click Ok. Repeat steps 3-5 for the remaining variables (Var2 to Var5), creating new normalized variables for each. You're welcome sir.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
3 answers
In an earlier version of SPSS I was able to get visual means for each group (see picture below) when creating scatterplots with one categorical and one scaled variable.
Now I have tried for hours to find out in my updated SPSS 26.0 how to do it, but I can't figure it out.
I have tried do use the same syntax as earlier, but that does not create mean-dots, which lead me to think I used some modification. Still can't figure it out?
Any suggestions?
Relevant answer
Answer
Hey Dean Samuel Barron, I currently have the same problem. Could you share your solution for this issue?
Thanks!
Jakob
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
5 answers
Hi all,
I want to do a repeated measure Ancova with constant covariates. The IBM SPSS website mentions you could do it using a two-step approach in this software (https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/repeated-measures-constant-covariates-glm). Can someone please verify this is a proper way to do it?
Many thanks in advance!
Relevant answer
Answer
When you say "constant covariate", do you mean that it is constant for each subject? I.e., the repeated measures at Level 1 are clustered within subjects at Level 2, and you are talking about a Level 2 covariate? If so, see the example here:
HTH.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
4 answers
I want to study the effect of covariates (age, sex, cause of injury, lesions, income, subjective social status), and these are multi categorical. Can anyone suggest how to add them in my model of analysis?
Should I transform them into dummy variables or what?
I firstly put them as they are in SPSS, and it shows output without error.
Response will be highly appreciated
Relevant answer
Answer
Thank you for your response Sandeep Kumar . I am concerned about adding multi-categorical covariates as dummy variables. Is it necessary to convert nominal covariates to dummy variables, before using them in moderation/mediation analysis? (covariates: age, sex, education, cause of injury, injury characteristics, income, social status, marital status)
IV,DV,M,W all are continuous in my study
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
4 answers
I've a lot of qualitative data, so I asked.
Relevant answer
Answer
SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) primarily handles quantitative data. While it's not designed for qualitative data analysis, you can use it to code and transform qualitative data into numerical values for certain analyses. However, for in-depth qualitative analysis, specialized software like NVivo or MAXQDA is more suitable. SPSS is most effective when working with numerical, categorical, or ordinal data for statistical analysis.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
3 answers
Hello, I am trying to run a t-test on differences in mental well-being in the last month (average of 14 sentences) between two groups, women I have 200 and men I have only 34 who answered on the questionnaire. when processing SPSS shows me that there are only 12 men, why is that? Frustrated from a whole day of trying to understand where the problem is and why 22 more people ( that I really need) are disappearing in the data analysis
Relevant answer
Answer
This result is common if there is an error in entering data and defining variables, If the data is incorrectly copied from Excel to the program, it is natural that the cases that the program sees as numbers on which the test can be applied will disappear.
Do not forget that your test requires quantitative data and a normal distribution. If these conditions are not met, the results are fundamentally incorrect.
If you have any other need for assistance, you can gladly ask me more questions to share the details that arise when working on the program.
Good luck
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
17 answers
I have performed a Box-Cox transformation of a response variable in multiple linear regression in SPSS. As I understand, in order to correctly interpret and present the data (B, t, CI for B and p), I need to back-transform the data by applying the formula for Box-Cox back-transformation to B, t, CI for B. But the formula specifies lambda and I can't find it anywhere in SPSS. Could you please tell me where I can find the lambda to apply this formula for back transformation?
Relevant answer
Answer
Thanks for the additional info, Svetlana Bondar. Just to remind everyone, earlier, you wrote:
"The residuals of the dependent variable in my case are not normally distributed – a bimodal distribution."
I don't remember ever running into this problem myself, but a bit of digging around suggests that one possible cause of this is failure to include an important dichotomous explanatory variable. Do any possibilities come to mind?
Another suggestion I've seen that might be helpful is to use quantile regression rather than OLS regression, and to perhaps model the 25th and 75th percentiles instead of (or in addition to) the median.
Finally, I found this article, which seems to be addressing the same problem. Maybe you'll find some good suggestions in it.
HTH.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
3 answers
Hi everyone
Can someone help with the following observation while applying simple linear regression in SPSS and STATA
Dependent variable: Ferritin levels (ng/ml)
Independent: Age of the respondent (years)
STATA results: Correlation coefficient = 1.7 (see the image), How can this be possible?
SPSS results: Correlation coefficient = 0.17 (different from STATA) and a p value of 0.01 for such a weak coefficient.
DATA set is SAME in both STATA and SPSS
Can someone explain the coefficient of more than 1 in STATA and a different result in SPSS
Relevant answer
Answer
Note the value of R squared
From STAT output = 0.029 which is identical to the Pearson coefficient squared 0.17
Therefore, if your work on the two programs is correct, the outputs will be identical
In the case of simple correlation and regression,
I advise you to rely on SPSS. Zeeshan Kibria
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
5 answers
I am hoping someone can advise on the use of the Bonferroni correction. I am struggling to understand how and when to use it.
I have been part of a pilot study evaluating balance in older adults. We used several balance measures (sway area, sway velocity) with different parameters (eyes open/closed, solid/compliant surface), plus a timed functional test, measured on three occasions with the same subjects. I have performed separate repeated measures ANOVAs for each measure and parameter combination (7 in total) using SPSS, alpha set at .05. I understand the need to use the Bonferroni correction with the pairwise comparisons and that SPSS does this. However, I am unsure whether the correction needs to be applied across all the ANOVAs, namely whether I should set the corrected alpha level to 0.05/7 = 0.0071 when determining statistical significance for each individual ANOVA.
I understand there are debates around minimising Type I errors at the expense of Type II errors, but is the approach of using alpha of 0.0071 for each individual ANOVA fundamentally correct?
Relevant answer
Answer
No worries, Matthew Holmes. Despite being published nearly 20 years ago, those two articles remain among the best and most thoughtful discussions of multiplicity that I have seen (so far). ;-)
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
6 answers
Scenario - There is an IV and DV. IV is measured in 5 point likert scale questions and DV is measured in 7 point likert scale questions.
Doubts -
01. Can we run a test like regression analysis directly irrespective of differences in measures?
02. if NOT, what are the transformation techniques available to transform data into same scale?
Relevant answer
Answer
If you have only one item for each of your measures, then you have two ordinal measures and you should not use a procedure such as regression that assumes you have interval-level data. However, if you actually have multi-item measures that you use to form a scale, then you can create interval-variables and use correlation and regression.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
2 answers
با سلام و احترام
اینجانب سپیده مرادخانی کارشناس علوم آزمایشگاهی و دانشجوی دکترای ایمونولوژی در دانشگاه تهران بوده که در حال کار کردن روی پایان نامه خود در زمینه نانودارو می باشم. با توجه به سوابق کاری در آزمایشگاه تشخیص طبی و مرکز تحقیقات و همچنین علایق در زمینه فعالیت های گروهی آزمایشگاهی و پژوهشی تمایل به استخدام و همکاری با مراکز محترم را در سال جدید دارم.
گزیده ای از رزومه بنده:
تسلط بر تکنیک های الیزا و الیسپات
تسلط بر الکتروفورز، روش های استخراج DNA and RNA و روش های مولکولی PCR and real time PCR
آشنایی با فلوسایتومتری، نرم افزار فلوجو، وسترن بلات، HPLC
آشنایی با ماکرواری و مبانی بیوانفورماتیک
آشنایی با روش های سبز تولید نانودارو
آشنایی با نرم افزارهای آنالیز آماری SPSS and
Prism
تسلط بر نرم افزار های رفرنس نویسی End note and Mendely
دارای مدارک زبان MSRT, MHLE
دارای چندین مقاله پژوهشی و مروری
خواهشمند است در صورت تمایل در پی وی به بنده اطلاع دهید تا رزومه کامل خدمتتان ارسال گردد.
پیشاپیش از حسن همکاری شما کمال سپاسگزاری را دارم
Relevant answer
Answer
Hello
My Cv is attached.
sincerely
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
5 answers
Anyone with AMOS for SPSS Version25,please?
Relevant answer
Answer
In fact, the R lavaan package is also implemented in jamovi, which is also free. See https://semlj.github.io
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
5 answers
I calculated SPSS that is better.
Relevant answer
Answer
There is a saying that "one tool can't fix every problem." Most of these software for data analytics as already pointed out has its strengths and weaknesses. However, I think 🤔 that the open source tools have larger communities to help. So if you are now going to start then learn Python for data analysis. There are incredible packages for doing great analysis.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
6 answers
I calculated my ms thesis data by SPSS, I think excel is difficult.
Relevant answer
Answer
SPSS is more user friendly. You can also consider using PSPP which is an alternative to SPSS but looks exactly like SPSS. It's free and can be run on computers with low configurations as well. I have analysed and published data in two of my recent publications using this software.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
3 answers
I calculated a thesis of my sister. That calculation found the error result.
Relevant answer
Answer
What?
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
10 answers
I am a new leaner.
Relevant answer
Answer
Python first, hands down. Why? You can do more with it beyond statistics than other software, and you want to use software to make your life easier. Trust. Check out automatetheboringstuff.com and then branch out from there. Plenty of YouTube help as well. You're also best off learning R for statistics. Many similarities with Python. Don't both with SPSS as the ceiling is way too low, especially once you move into multilevel models.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
3 answers
I've completed my Ms thesis data calculation by SPSS.
Relevant answer
Answer
Adding to what Ronán Michael Conroy said, if you believe that SPSS has computed something incorrectly, please provide a reproducible example.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
11 answers
When conducting a logistic regression analysis in SPSS, a default threshold of 0.5 is used for the classification table. Consequently, individuals with a predicted probability < 0.5 are assigned to Group "0", while those with a predicted probability > 0.5 are assigned to Group "1". However, this threshold may not be the one that maximizes sensitivity and specificity. In other words, adjusting the threshold could potentially increase the overall accuracy of the model.
To explore this, I generated a ROC curve, which provides both the curve itself and the coordinates. I can choose a specific point on this curve.
My question now is, how do I translate from this ROC curve or its coordinates to the probability that I need to specify as the classification cutoff in SPSS (default: 0.50)? The value must naturally fall between 0 and 1.
  1. Do I simply need to select an X-value from the coordinate table where I have the best sensitivity/specificity and plug it into the formula for P(Y=1)?
  2. What do I do when I have more than one predictor (X) variable? Choose the best point/coordinate for both predictors separately and plug in the values into the equation for P(Y=1) and calculate the new cutoff value?
Relevant answer
Answer
Good! I'm glad to hear we got there in the end. ;-)
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
7 answers
Sometime ago for ease of calculations, I have given the following exercise to my students to find out if there is any significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores (with a fixed difference of 3 between each pair):
Pre-test: 5 -8- 10- 11-14-17
Post-test: 8-11-13-14-17-20
Surprisingly, students came back to me with no possible answer! SPSS provides no answer either for this type of problems as the denominator in t-test formula turns to be zero and calculations could not continue. Simply because a division by zero is undefined.
I am wondering if there is any solutions for such problems?
Mahmood
Relevant answer
Answer
The paired-samples t-test is typically used to compare the means of two related groups. In a traditional paired-samples t-test, the key assumption is that the differences between paired observations are normally distributed. The test assesses whether the mean difference between paired observations is significantly different from zero.
If you have a fixed difference in mind and want to test whether the mean difference between paired observations is equal to this fixed difference, you can still use a paired-samples t-test. However, the interpretation of the results would be different.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
3 answers
Using SPSS to group respondents
Relevant answer
Answer
How are readers meant to judge whether your sample size is too small when you have not reported the sample size? Am I missing something?
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
3 answers
I have a large dataset containing many dates per participant. I want to creat a new variable containing the number of unique dates per participant. I have been trying to figure this out but it does not work. An example of how the dataset looks like you see below:
participant 1 - date.1 - date.2 - date.3 - date.4 ... date.412
participant 2 - date.1 - date.2 - date.3 - date.4 ... date.412
Dates are in the format: 31-oct-20
Some participants have only 10 dates, others have 412 dates
Any idea how I can create this new variable containing the number of unique dates?
Relevant answer
Answer
In general, you can sort the date variable, then create a variable that is 1 if the date is not the same as the preceding observation and zero otherwise.
. sort date
. gen unique=date==date[_n-1]
would be the Stata code. Note that the very first observation has no preceding observation and will have to be tidied by hand. In Stata you could write
. gen unique=date==date[_n-1] | (_n==1)
which is a kludge but it works.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
2 answers
Can anyone please explain how to analyse data collected using brief cope 28 item scale?
Like i won't get the total score rather than score for each subscale and then it is mentioned in a research to use normative data of a heart failure study for calculating percentile ranks. Can anyone please help as I dont get the data analysis part after collection using this scale?
Relevant answer
Answer
I have the same question. How to interpret the result?
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
10 answers
Thank you this question has been answered.
Relevant answer
Answer
Bruce Weaver David L Morgan Honestly such a ditsy moment haha
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
2 answers
Hello,
Question regarding my Master Thesis research design and approach. I'm doing research on a dataset If earnings management has a negative relationship with the use (AND degree) of alternative performance measures. It's an european data set so I also want to examine if the ESMA Guidelines had any effect on this relationship (moderator).
Whereas
- Earnings Management is measured by Modified Jones Model (numeric)
- Alternative performance measures (or Non-Gaap Earnings) is measured by a proxy (1 if mentioned; 0 otherwise) and measured by I/B/E/S earnings (numeric)
- ESMA is measured by a proxy (1 if > 2017; 0 otherwise)
Also got some controlevariables/covariaties but not necessary to mention right now.
My thesis supervisor can't help me with the fact what analysis I should run in SPSS to get to the right answers. I'm doing my best to find solutions on the internet or reading the book Discovering statistics using spss statistics (Andy Field). I just don't understand what I 'm supposed to do if my moderator is a proxy because I also assume a relationship with this proxy to the use and degree of Alternative performance measures (or Non-Gaap Earnings).
Can someone help me out please?
Relevant answer
Answer
holaq estoy hciendo una tesis sobre comercioelectronicos y su principales problemas
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
5 answers
Hi,
I have just installed and used spss 29. I was using spss 27.
I am analyzing data with a crossed random effects mixed model.
I am using syntax for this type of analysis. With the exact same syntax and data base I obtain different results with spss 29 and spss 27!
Specifically, the same model (that I call model 3) run with spss 27 was not giving me a warning whereas with spss 29 I get a warning (The final Hessian matrix is not positive definite although all convergence criteria are satisfied. The MIXED procedure continues despite this warning. Validity of subsequent results cannot be ascertained.).
Another case: with a slightly simpler model that I call model 2, I have no warnings but the results with spss 27 and spss 29 are not identical (e.g. BIC is different).
Is anyone experiencing the same or similar ?
Relevant answer
Answer
Thanks. I am running with SPSS29 a syntax written with SPSS27.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
1 answer
I am using SPSS to analyze measurements of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in late adolescence. I want to make a binary hypertension variable, so I need to calculate percentiles for SBP and DBP. However, I need to adjust these for height, age, and gender. Is there a way I can easily do this in SPSS?
Relevant answer
Answer
If you are proposing defining hypertension as an unusually high blood pressure, I can see two problems.
The first is that hypertension is not defined by how unusual the BP is but by its adverse impact on the person's risk of cardiovascular disease. BP levels that are statistically "normal" may carry very significant risk. Likewise, BPs that are statistically "abnormal" – such as the lowest percentiles of BP – carry no such implication.
Without a health outcome to define hypertension, you risk simply compromising your statistical power by dichotomising variables that are measured on a continuous scale. Categorising continuous variables begins to decrease study power appreciably when there are fewer than 10 categories, and by the time you dichotomise you can lose about 40% of your effective sample size. Plus you have a definition of hypertension that is not linked to a health outcome and is specific to a particular population.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
9 answers
I have read few articles that used SPSS for Artificial Neural Network analysis with survey data. What is your opinion about the user friendliness of SPSS in this regard? Do you refer any other software package?
Relevant answer
Answer
IBM SPSS or IBM Modeler is good to go. They are easy to learn and use, especially SPSS.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
2 answers
Hey there, I‘m using SPSS for the statistical synthesis of my Meta-Analysis and I can only choose log(OR), log(RR) etc as an Effect sizes. Therefore my forest plot is also on a logarithmic scale… I want my forest plot with the measure size RR or OR, not log(RR) and log(OR). Does anybody have experience with this topic and does know how I can change this?
Relevant answer
Answer
Thank you very much, it worked with the Display exponentiated form!
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
2 answers
Hello,
Please I need to perform a logistic regression analysis using 2 independent variables, each has multiple indicators using SPSS. For example, the independent variable perceived behavioral control (PBC) is measured using two indicators, which are self-efficacy and easy-to-start (each is binary). The other independent variable is the subjective norm, measured by 2 indicators (respect and motivation), each of which is also binary.
My question is: how to deal with the multiple indicators for one independent variable when performing the analysis?
In case that I want the outcome to appear like in the attached table, in which it includes only the independent variables (not each indicator individually). I assume that I need to compute each variable by summing its indicators but I am not sure if this is correct. So, I need the assistance of experts.
I hope that I am able to communicate my inquiry properly.
Thank you.
Relevant answer
Answer
How do you know that your multiple indicators really measure the same construct?
Your binary variables make me fear that you dichotomised a measurement scale score. Not a great idea – imagine taking a black and white picture and replacing each pixel with either white or black, depending on whether it was above or below the median brightness. Your intuition is correct. you can lose over a third of the information content of your variable as a result.
So my advice would be check your assumptions first.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
24 answers
I just received the latest TOC alert for Behavior Research Methods, and this article caught my eye:
I've not had time to read it yet, but judging from a quick glance, I wonder if the main "problem" might be that users do not always take time to RTFM* and therefore, do not understand what their software is doing? In any case, I thought some members of this forum might be interested.
Cheers,
Bruce
* RTFM = Read The Fine Manual ;-)
Relevant answer
Answer
Uzair Essa Kori, I repeat my earlier question, which you have not yet addressed: Why in the world did you not say clearly at the top of your post that it was generated using AI? Do you not think that would be the honest and ethical thing to do?
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
4 answers
Please help me.
Relevant answer
Answer
To obtain PCA weight values using SPSS software, you can follow these steps:
Open your dataset in SPSS.
Go to "Analyze" in the top menu and select "Dimension Reduction" and then "Factor."
In the "Factor" dialog box, select the variables you want to include in the PCA analysis and move them to the "Variables" box.
Under the "Extraction" tab, choose the extraction method as "Principal components." You can also set other options such as the number of factors to extract and the method for handling missing data.
Click on the "Options" button to access additional options. Ensure that the "Unrotated factor solution" box is checked, as you want to obtain the PCA weight values.
Click "OK" to run the PCA analysis.
After the analysis is complete, SPSS will generate various output tables. Look for the table labeled "Component Matrix." This table provides the PCA weight values for each variable on each principal component.
The PCA weight values represent the correlation between each variable and the principal component. Positive values indicate a positive relationship, and negative values indicate a negative relationship. The magnitude of the weight value indicates the strength of the relationship.
By following these steps, you should be able to obtain the PCA weight values using SPSS software.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
3 answers
Hello,
I need to estimate a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM).
When using R, I need to choose a specific fixed effect (one of the independent variables in the model) to have a random slope according to a random variable such as subject ID.
But when using SPSS, I can't choose a specific fixed effect to have a random slope.
I asked chatGPT about it and it responded as follows:
The difference you're observing in the specification of random slopes for specific fixed effects between SPSS and R might be related to how the two software packages handle mixed-effects modeling. This difference is not necessarily due to the capabilities of the software but rather the way they present the options to the user. Here's why this might be the case:
SPSS:
In SPSS, the interface for specifying mixed-effects models is designed to be user-friendly and may abstract away some of the technical details. It allows users to specify random slopes and intercepts for subjects using the Repeated option or Mixed Linear Models (MIXED) procedure.
SPSS may automatically set up random slopes for all fixed effects by default, which is a more automated approach, but it doesn't give you explicit control over which fixed effects have random slopes.
R (lme4 package):
R, specifically with the lme4 package, provides more flexibility and control in specifying mixed-effects models. This can be both an advantage and a challenge for users.
In R, you have to explicitly specify which fixed effect(s) should have random slopes by including them in the model formula. This explicit control allows for more customized modeling but can be more complex and requires users to have a good understanding of their data and the modeling process.
1. Can someone please confirm this answer?
2. Is there a way to estimate a mixed-effect logistic regression model in R that would be the same as the estimated model in SPSS?
I would appreciate any clues about this issue! Thanks!
Relevant answer
Answer
Beyond that, practically speaking, you might make a small data set available, be specific about what model you are using in SPSS, present the SPSS output, and then I'm sure someone can offer the equivalent model in R.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
5 answers
Hello Experts,
My outcome is a scale variable (3 separate domains-continuous)
Covariates are mixed (categorical and continuous)
I am developing a 3 level model (care aides, unit and facility), unfortunately i found a warning message (iteration was terminated but convergence has not been achieved. the mixed procedure continues despite this warning. subsequent results produced are based on the last iteration. validity of the model fit is uncertain). In this scenario, R2 and ICC was very poor.
Now, I moved to 2 level model (care aides, Unit). here the same problem, I can not put my important covariates in this model. If i exclude some of my important covariates, there are no warning message.
Same models works in STATA but SPSS showed warning message.
Q1> Is that the limitations for SPSS?
Q2> Is there any options that If I can change, the problem will be resolved?
Relevant answer
Answer
Deborah J Hilton, carving a good quantitative variable into categories is almost always a bad idea. Please see this list of problems associated with that practice:
HTH.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
2 answers
Hello seniors, I am a PhD aspirant and intrested in Mixed Methods research. I want to learn Qualitative Data Analysis software but a little bit confused in which one will be better suited to my PhD thesis. Seniors please guide me which software should I learn for qualitative data analysis?
Thanks and regards
Relevant answer
Answer
The major qualitative data analysis software packages all have very similar basic functions. To see which one is more comfortable for you, I suggest that you look at the training videos for each of the two packages.
One recent recent development is that MAXQDA has an option for using ChatGPT to assist in the data analysis process, while NVivo does not have this option.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
8 answers
I have collected data through survey from in 5 point likert scale where 1 as Strongly Disagree to 5 as Strongly Agree. I have total 20 questions in 4 constructs: economy, psychology, political and social. Among 20 questions, around 8 questions are in negative statements. So, after entering all data into SPSS file; I did reverse coding for those 8 statements of negative meaning. Here, I am in confusion for the next step; that should I change these 8 negative meaning statements into positive meaning statements? If I have to change, what should be the format of sentence?
For example,
negative statement: I am a bad student.
positive statement : I am not a bad student. (option-1)
or, I am a good student. (option-2)
If I have to change the sentence, which option will be appropriate?
Thanks and regards.
Relevant answer
Answer
No – leave the questions and answers alone. Just map the answers to numeric values in the reverse order, so strongly agree is mapped to 1 rather than 5.
You should note that negatively worded questions do not behave like positively worded questions in reverse. The first problem is that a negative question can produce double-negative answers.
Q: I am not worried about climate change
– the answer " somewhat disagree" means "I am somewhat not not worried about climate change".
The second thing is that even if the question is not a negative statement like the example above, the question itself produces a cognitive set – an interpretation framework – that is different for positive and negative thoughts, experiences, attitudes etc. One famous study asked participants to pay attention to their breathing. Every half hour they rated their breathing. Half were asked to estimate how much time they had been able to breathe freely while the other half were asked how much of the time their nose felt stuffed or blocked. Those who were cued to attend to breathing freely reported more time breathing freely than those who were cued to attend to the opposite.
There are some scales with negative items in which the negative and positive items actually form separate factors!
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
3 answers
In a causal model (such as multiple IVs and single DV) with presence of a mediator or moderator, do we have to consider such mediator or moderator when assessing the parametric assumptions or do we have ignore them and consider only the IV/s and DV in the model?
Relevant answer
Answer
Since you are going to involve a third variable that will eventually impact your results, you need to take that third variable into account and check for normality and other assumptions before you carry out your final analysis. However, while analysing the IV and DV, if the data is not found to be normally distributed, then a mediator or moderator is less likely to help ensure normality. In such a scenario, you could simply opt for non-parametric tests.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
3 answers
Hello everyone,
I am conducting analysis on my data and have mostly already figured it out. However, there is still one problem I haven't been able to master.
Statistical program: SPSS 29.0
Cross-over study design with NINE (9) subjects and TWO (2) treatments:
Subjects were given treatment 1 or 2 on two separate study dates. At the end of the study all subjects had received both treatments.
After administering the treatments, the patients were monitored for blood parameter changes on NINE (9) separate measuring time points.
What I aim to do, is to compare the two different treatments and have used RM analysis to do so. Initially I defined Treatment(2) and Time(9) as Within-subject-factors and have been able to gain an answer to most of my questions.
But what I haven't understood yet is how can I compare individual measured time points (for example treatment 1 blood parameter at 30 mins compared to treatment 2 blood parameter value at 30 min) between the treatments through the RM ANOVA - to my knowledge and understanding, the output does not provide this and I haven't been able to figure out how to get it out of the analysis? Or can I? Or do I have to go about it with a different analysis completely?
Thank you!
Best Regards, Isa
Relevant answer
Answer
Hello Isa,
I suspect you could elicit specific tests (e.g., treat 1 vs. treat 2 for the respective 30-min time point) in whatever software you're using. However, you could always just run (as many as 9) dependent t-tests to do the same thing, with some appropriate adjustment for multiple tests.
The sample size (9 paired score sets) won't offer a lot of statistical power, however, unless the treatment differences are pretty strong, no matter what kind of analysis you elect to use.
Good luck with your work.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
5 answers
If iI use EFA on SPSS to explore the factors and later I intend to check the reliability and validity of these explored factors using SmartPLS rather than CFA on AMOS, will it be valid approach?
Relevant answer
Answer
Alamir Louro, thank you for responding to my request - and for having done so with so much detail. You are certainly right about SPSS being limited by providing the default of eigenvalues > 1 criterion for suggesting - and producing - the number of factors in a data set. At least, researchers can over-ride that and specify the number of factors they want to be extracted, perhaps on the basis of parallel analysis, scree plot, etc. However, it would be nice if a package produced parallel analysis as a matter of course.
It was generous of you to provide your email address. I might get in touch with you some day to have a bit of "joint experience" with factor analysis.
Thanks again.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
3 answers
Hello,
I want to perform a single mediation (model 4, hayes) with Process in SPSS.
Before I can do that, I have to check the assumption for linearity. I created a matrix scatter-plot, but because my independent variable is binary it doesn't look right. I have 1 dependent variable, which is metric.
Does anyone know, how I can check for the linearity assumption, if my independent variable is binary and single level (Intervention group vs. control group)?
Relevant answer
Answer
There is no need to check linearity for a binary independent variable. You can always draw a straight line through two points (the two group means on your binary variable). More relevant would be homoskedasticity (the assumption of equal variances/error variances in the two groups in the population).
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
5 answers
I am using SPSS to perform binary logistic regression. One of the parameters generated is the prediction probability. Is there a simple mathematical formula that could be used to calculate it manually? e.g. based on the B values generated for each variable in model?
Relevant answer
Answer
People have certainly done that, Nasir Al-Allawi. A Google search on <logistic regression scoring system> turns up lots of resources. Good luck with your work.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
2 answers
Since I found out that there is a correlation between Timeliness and Semantic Accuracy (I'm studying linked data quality dimensions assessment, trying to evaluate a dimension quality -in this case Timeliness- from another dimension (Semantic Accuracy)), I presumed that regression analysis is the next step in this matter.
-the Semantic accuracy formula I used is: msemTriple = |G ∧ S| / |G|
msemTriple measures the extent to which the triples in the repository G (the original LOD dataset) and in the gold standard S have the same values.
-the Timeliness formula I used is:
Timeliness((de)) = 1-max⁡{1-Currency/Volatility,0}
where :
Currency((de)) = (1-(lastmodificationTime(de )-lastmodificationTime(pe ))/(currentTime-startTime))*Ratio (the Ratio measures the extent to which the triples in the the LOD dataset (in my case wikidata) and in the gold standard (wikipedia) have the same values.)
and
Volatility((de)) = (ExpiryTime(de )-InputTime(de ))/(ExpiryTime(pe )-InputTime(pe ) )
(de is the entity document of the datum in the linked data dataset and pe is the correspondent entity document in the gold standard).
NB: I worked on Covid-19 statistics per country as a dataset sample, precisely Number of cases, recoveries and deaths
Relevant answer
Answer
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
3 answers
I choose Model 1 to test 3 iv,1 dv and 1 moderator. I want to know the benefits/advantages of using Model 1. Can anyone help?
Relevant answer
Answer
I still dont understand your question. It doesnt make sense to me. You choose your model, which fits to your hypotheses and your data generating process. If you have only 1 moderator and all assumptions are met, model 1 is fine, but if you have a mediation hypothesis this wont make any sense for example. Thefore, model 1 is not better than others.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
3 answers
Aloha Everyone,
My university recently bought SPSS 29 Faculty Premium Package, the vendor is thinkEDU, the said AMOS is part of it, that is one of the reason we bought, but there is no AMOS inside it, i could not locate? How to confirm if it has or not, if it has where can I find and use AMOS? Please advice.
Thank you
Rojan Baniya
Relevant answer
Answer
I looked at the SPSS website and found this: "Amos is included in the Premium edition of SPSS Statistics (except in Campus Edition, where it is sold separately)."
It sounds like you will need to contact SPSS support to get a definitive answer.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
10 answers
These are few questions for your reference,
How much did you learn about managing your money from your parents?
· None
· Hardly at all
· Little
· Some
A lot
How often were you influenced by or did you discuss about finances with your parents?
· Never
· Once a year
· Every few months
· Twice a month
Weekly
What is your current investment amount in stocks/shares? (Portfolio value)
· 1 - 90,000
· 90,000–170,000
· 170,000–260,000
· 260,000–340,000
· More than 340,000
The above questions are allocated weights from 1 to 5.
Relevant answer
Answer
You can set ordinal type variable for analysis in SPSS
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
6 answers
We are recoding our data and transforming the data values into the values we won't according to the questionaries we have used and its scores.
The first couples of recodes went fine, and we can see the values in the Data view after we ran the syntax. But then all of a sudden after we ran a recode of the next variable in our syntax, the value did not show in the Data view, and instead of the value, the columns just have a dot; .
We don't have any missing values, and the original data, we are recoding, has values. So what are we doing wrong, can any body help us?
We have been checking the syntax over and over again, to see if we are doing something diffrent form the first couples of recodes, where nothing is wrong.. but we can't find any differences.
Relevant answer
Answer
I tried to recode a string to a numeric variable twice, once by typing in the syntax and then by using the drop-down menu. Neither one worked. The hand-entered syntax kept generating different errors even though it's identical to the drop-down version. The drop-down version ran correctly (no error messages), but the string variable didn't get recoded.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
3 answers
Hi all, please assist me on what statistical analysis I should use. I have 3 DVs (severity of violence, justification of violence and severity of punishment) and 1 IV (gender of perpetrator). I have trouble running my data on SPSS as I cannot select the DVs on it.
Relevant answer
Answer
I have several questions.
  1. How are your DVs measured? Are they quantitative variables that can fairly be described using means and SDs? Or are they ordinal variables for which means & SDs would not be very defensible?
  2. How many gender categories have you got, and what are the sample sizes for each category?
  3. Do you have one multivariate research question or 3 univariate research questions?
With 3 DVs, you may be considering MANOVA. My question 3 above is a question that Huberty & Morris (1989) raised in their classic article on MANOVA:
If you are considering MANOVA, see also this article:
Another option to consider, particularly if your DVs are not really quantitative variables (for which means & SDs are defensible) would be to turn things on their head by estimating a logistic regression model with gender as the outcome and with your 3 DVs as the explanatory variables. Frank Harrell described this approach in his well-known textbook on regression modeling: See the excerpt in the attached PDF. But note that it requires having a sufficient number of observations in each gender category. By the 20:1 rule of thumb Harrell describes in the Datamethods Author Checklist (link below), one would need at least 60 observations in each gender category with 3 explanatory variables in the model.
HTH.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
3 answers
Is it possible to perform EFA by SPSS Amos?
Relevant answer
Answer
It is possible to run an EFA in Amos (see https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/exploratory-factor-analysis-efa-amos#:~:text=You%20can%20do%20that%20in,with%20a%20few%20parameter%20changes.) but it seems to me that it would be a lot easier to simply use SPSS for EFA.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
9 answers
Does anyone know how to run Mediation analysis in SPSS version 25 software????
My research is a case-control study, the exposure being: dietary pattern; outcome: gastric cancer; mediator: energy (kcal).
Relevant answer
Answer
Thanks for clarifying. Why do you think you need to carve g/day into tertiles? Carving quantitative variables into categories can cause many problems. See this page for more info:
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
2 answers
I am currently conducting research into the dark triad and attitudes to cheating and was looking for some guidance in regards to the analysis. I want to analyse the Dark Triad traits as separate conducts as well as having an overall impact of the Dark Triad on attitudes to cheating, how would I go around actually making this possible on SPSS?
Thank you
Relevant answer
Answer
How about using multiple regression with the Dark Triad traits as predictor (independent) variables and attitude as the dependent variable?
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
2 answers
Hi! I weighted 1 case and then performed Compare Mean with other groups of variables in spss, but the N (number of cases) is increased, which is greater than the unweighted compare mean's N and the numbers are over the total cases we have, why this happened, and how can I figure it out? thank you.
Relevant answer
Answer
Hello Yy,
In SPSS, using the weight cases command causes the program to treat a case as being replicated k times, where k is the value of the weighting variable chosen. So, it is as if your data set has been changed by adding (k - 1) additional instances of a given case, each having the same data points as the original case.
So, yes, the apparent N can exceed the number of non-missing cases (usually, rows) in the data set when you use the weight cases option.
Good luck with your work.
  • asked a question related to SPSS
Question
6 answers
In plant breeding, what are uses discrimination function.
Relevant answer
Answer
Discriminant function technique involves the development of selection criteria on a combination of various characters and aids the breeder in indirect selection for genetic improvement in yield. In plant breeding, the selection index refers to a linear combination of characters associated with yield.