Scanning Electron Microscopy - Science method

I am preparing a protocol for SEM of a biofilm, but do not have easy access to 100% ethanol for the dehydration steps. Can 100% ethanol be substituted for 100% alcohol (95% EtOH, 5% methanol/isopropyl alcohol)? 95% ethanol generally is not anhydrous, and water has enough surface tension to potentially damage the specimen. I am also open to other suggestions if anyone has any. Thank you!!

We were imaging platelets under SEM. We got this structure. Any recommendation on what this structure could be will be of great help. Thank you

Hello,

I'm doing a Master Thesis, and it's my first time dealing with SEM - PLS 4 (with barely any statistical background behind me). I'm analyzing the relationship between negative word of mouth (NWOM) and consumer loyalty, moderated by the initial consumer loyalty towards the brand (pre-NWOM), as well as the type of NWOM (frequency, solicited or not, concordance with belief, strength of expression, performance or value-related).

I'm not sure whether I've collected sufficient data to do SEM, and am struggling with elements such as a pvalue that's NaN (consistent bootstrapping), a non-satisfying discriminant validity when trying to correct construct reliability & validity, or an AVE below 5 despite having removed any indicator with an outer loading below 5. Are those issues related to data-collection?

If anyone could help me out, I would be really very grateful, as my tutor isn't helping out a lot and will give me a very low grade if I do only descriptive statistics. Any help would be immensely appreciated. Here is my data set and screenshot of my model. I'd be happy to provide any extra information.

Thank you!

Dear Fellow researchers

I am looking for a statistician who is familiar with Smart PLS-SEM model analysis and interpretation

Hej, I did SEM in AMOS and CMIN/DF is -465248062004,313.

Is this normal or does this indicate that I am doing something wrong?

Thanks a lot!

Ilia

Dear researchers, I am facing a problem with the shrinkage of RBC during the SEM sample preparation. In brief, blood was collected from the fish, and the smear was prepared on a 10mm circular glass slide and air dried. The dried slide was subjected to fixation in 2.5% glutaraldehyde (In 0.1M PBS). After that, the dehydration was done with ethanol gradient (30% to 100% and even tried 30% to 70% also). Then the slide was dipped in 98% HMDS (an alternative to the critical drying point method). When observed with SEM the RBC was found to be shrinkaged. What may be the reason behind this. The image is also attached here. Kindly suggest the reason behind this.

Thank you.

I have three variables (A, B, C) and do a multilevel SEM with R - Lavaan.

I do not understand why the following two models render different regression coefficients:

in the 1st one I use the ready aggregated latent variables from the sheet directly, in the 2nd one I define them within the model, but the data behind is of course the same.

Could anybody please explain why that is and which model would be the right one to use?

1.) "

level: 1

A ~ B + C

level: 2

A ~ B + C

"

2.)"

level: 1

A =~ a1 + a2 + a3

B =~ b1 + b2 + b3 + b4

c =~ c1 + c2 + c3

A ~ B + C

level: 2

A =~ a1 + a2 + a3

B =~ b1 + b2 + b3 + b4

C =~ c1 + c2 + c3

A ~ B + C

"

thanks so much for any help!

I have conducted a CFA(n=313) in SEM through R studio and I have got these results.

Chi squared 265 (p<0.001), RMSEA 0.093 and and CFI 0.867. Can some expert help me to interpret the data. All of the estimate coefficients loadings are significant and positive.

I need a sample paper that uses second-order SEM reflective models using SmartPLS.

I'm using covariance-based SEM software. Do I need to normalize the data before I run the SEM model? The SEM model is fine and the data is large (744).

1. Do I need to normalize the data before I run SEM

2. Would the central limit theorem not apply and so I need not normalize the data

3. Normalizing would change the basic characteristics.Would the findings still be valid

These terms are all related to the evaluation of research instruments, particularly surveys and questionnaires. Here's a breakdown of each:

Cronbach's alpha (α): This is a widely used statistic to assess the internal consistency or reliability of a test or scale. It essentially measures how closely related the items in your survey are to each other. High Cronbach's alpha indicates that the items are all measuring the same underlying concept and provide consistent results.

Average Variance Extracted (AVE): This statistic is used to assess the convergent validity of a construct in a structural equation model (SEM). Convergent validity shows how well the indicators (survey questions) represent the underlying construct they are intended to measure. A high AVE value suggests that a greater proportion of the variance in the indicators is due to the intended construct, rather than measurement error.

Composite Reliability (CR): Similar to Cronbach's alpha, CR is another measure of internal consistency in the context of SEM. It reflects the reliability of the composite score derived from multiple indicators. A high CR value indicates that the composite score is a reliable estimate of the underlying construct.

I want to know how i can use SEM and TEM micrographs to discuss mesoporous and microporous nature of materials

I am preparing bacterial samples treated with drugs for analysis of their morphology and surface using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). I am considering whether platinum or gold would be more suitable for sputter coating.

Line mappping

I have tried HDMS to dry my samples (spiders), and it works perfectly. However, the price for a few milliliters is unaffordable for the quantity of samples I have to prepare. CPD also works well, but in the last few weeks, I have experienced problems such as collapsing of some body parts, or it is hard to manipulate when samples are to small.

Dear colleagues,

I defended my Ph.D. thesis in October 2016 and now I am looking for a postdoctoral position in microscopy (AFM, TEM, SEM) and biophysics of microorganisms (especially, viruses, I like them :)).

My CV is attached. If there is an open position in your lab, please, write me.

Best regards,

Denis  

can we see the grains and grain boundaries without using any etching procedure by SEM?

Hi,

I'm searching to find as many articles, mostly in form of dissertations and thesises of M.Sc. / M.A. and Phd,

about classic reviews on SEM, and recent reviews on different methods of SEM (Structural Equations Modeling).

Any guidelines and suggestions would be greatly appreciated.

Hi.

I am a sport psychology researcher and I usually analyze structural equation model (SEM) using AMOS program.

But this time, my data reported unusual results.

It revealed that variables A and B had a negative correlation (in SPSS, Pearson's r), while A had a positive effect on B in SEM.

I wonder why this happened and what is the solution in this case (There is no issue of multicollinearity).

Hello, I have collected 300 responses on employee outcomes like satisfaction and engagement in relation to work from home. Many items have skewness outside the range of -1 and + 1. However, kurtosis for these items is in the range of -3 and + 3. All the variables are continuous. Can I use this data to conduct analysis in SPSS and IBM AMOS (using CB SEM). Also, can I use demographic data that is non-normal as control variable? Thank you in advance.

I am currently producing membranes with a rough thickness of 15-40 µm and want to measure and compare them reliably. My desired accuracy is < 1 µm (e.g., 0.3 µm) or something in that region. I am looking for a tool/method/device that is not overly expensive, like SEM, but still gets the job done.

What is Your suggestion?

For an experimental design ( one experiment and one control group), at least or minimum, how many subjects need to be included in the groups in SEM?

Dear colleagues,

the images show fibrous material after 1h contact with whole blood. Samples where washed with PBS and prepared for SEM observations: fixing with PFA, dehydration with graded ethanol solutions, drying in HMDS, sputtering with gold.

The idea was to analyse quantity and morphology of surface-adhered platelets. There are samples where I observe many small objects (pointed with arrows) adhered to fibers. I wonder what it can be? Any ideas?

I have prepared naked silver nanoparticles by using sodium borohydride reductant. I have dried the sol in oven but the dried particles were like a dot on glass vial and yield was too low. I have also centrifuged the solution at 5000 rpm for 20 min but get nothing. Please guide, how can i get the powdered form for XRD and SEM.

I'll be very thankful in this regard.

Hi,

I was wondering if someone could help me combine the results of 2 different ChIP-qPCR biological replicates.

I used the %input method in my analysis, but the results between the 2 biological replicates are different and when I calculate the average between the 2, the SEM is huge making the differences to be non significant. How can I relativize my results independently of the samples?

Thanks,

Sofia.

I'm still learning and confuse, which method should i use for my study. What is the method should i use if 3IVs, 1mediate and 1dv. Some say mediate analysis, some say Smart PLS SEM more easier bcs can get results direct and indirect at the same time.

I wanted to do this SEM test on my samples but there is no this device here in Cameroon. if anyone can help me because I would like to evaluate the stability of my samples according to the NFV08-408 standard

I faced difficulties in choosing a natural tooth bonding procedure for SEM observation. I am looking for a fixation procedure that does not affect the

I would like to conduct the systematic review for causality. I wanna select the studies with SEM and path analysis. Pls suggestions to me.

I want to prepare a termite sample for SEM observation and i know it is dehydrated with a graded series of ethanol. but my sample has already been fixed in 75% ethanol for more than one month. So how to treat these samples to prepare for Scanning electron microscope? kindly suggest.

Are there specific things i must mention when describing these images/

Liposome XRD-SEM

In the modification suggestions the largest one is e20 and e21 (90.00)

When I do this all of my problems are solved. Some researcher say I can and some doesnt agree. I couldnt find any references.

Prof. Mike crowson does the same in youtube but he didnt share any references. I am sharing the figures of what I am planning to do.

The surface area plays a vital role in supercapacitor performance. Authors are suggested to calculate the electrochemically active surface area for the electrode materials.

This is a reviewer question

Less coating on non-conductive material will distort the SEM images due to charging. But what if we use too much of coating?

I'm using very fine zeolite particles which has protruding shapes and need to get SEM images to study the surface morphology. I observed some sudden bright areas of my images and shaded areas. Since zeolite is non-conductive, it obviously needs coating for SEM images.

What is the recommended coating for these type of powder like non-conductive samples?

How can i know if it microporous, mesoporous or macroporous or moixture by mere looking

is there a way to analyse before further using physisorption?

All the p-values in the structural component of my model are high (not significant)

The p-value in the measurement component are low (significant)

Goodness of fit at this point is at acceptable level. I have not used the modification indices yet.

Is my still model usable?

I have a sem image and I want to know the particle size distribution in the image field.

In my studies I have 7 IV as factors that influences 1 DV. Therefore I have 7 adapted scales and one newly established scale ( for DV)

They were then translated to different language.

Can I run EFA after pilot study and CFA in actual study because the data will be analysed in SEM PLS?

Do I run EFA seperately for each factor ?

Pls advice. Tq...

Crystals A were left to boil at 45 degrees Celsius for 5 minutes, Crystals B were left for 45 minutes at 45 degrees Celsius and crystals C were left to boil for 24 hours in 45 degrees Celsius. The following images are of the XRD graphs and crystal sizes viewed on a SEM. The XRD graphs have sample A, B and C on the top of the graph. Crystals A, B and C are below and labelled in the file name. Does anyone know how to describe the crystals obtained from the SEM. Also how to describe the crystals using the graphs? Thank you. There is a scale on the bottom of each SEM image to measure the crystal thickness but im not sure how to calculate it. We also have to calculate the average crystallite thickness using the Scherrer Equation, if anyone is able to figure that out. Thank you!

Process Macro (in SPSS) by default uses bootstrapping, but in SEM analysis, I have not used bootstrapping. How do I justify using bootstrapping only to test moderation effects?

My research is green synthesis of urea nanoparticles and I prepared urea nanoparticles contain solution. I need to characterize my sample, but it is difficult to obtain sufficient amount by powder form. Can I get SEM images from liquid nano urea particles contain sample. Is there available easy method to dry my sample?

I took SEM pictures of my clean 0.2um pore size PES membrane filter. The first picture is coated with 5nm gold, and the second is with 20 nm carbon. Both pictures are 2500X magnification, and the scale is 4um. I wonder why the two pictures look significantly different. The picture I coated with gold doesn't look like the pore size is 0.2um.

Thanks,

I would like to know which is the best for simple moderation analysis with 1 independent variable, 1 dependent variable and 1 moderating variable.

Thank you.

I have to analyze Eruca sativa roots and leaves. I've seen some methodologies that involve the utilization of the SPI-Dry Critical Point Dryer, however, I don't have access to it. Can I use a Dry Box as an alternative and obtain a similar result?

We have a Jeol JSM 3690 SEM. The filament burned out and I replaced it and checked the objective aperture for damage. Cleaned everything well and reassembled. No amount of alignment, filament heating/saturation, settings in the software will produce an image. Any suggestions are welcome, just can't afford the absurd amount of $$ necessary to get a Jeol tech out to service it...

How do I run a mediation with two independent variables and one dependent variable in PLS SEM? Please suggest some paper as well its interpretation ?

Sample size requirements for Structural Equation Models (SEM)?

I built a model in SEM (only direct paths between 4 predictors and 1 criterion) and then MGCFA for 4 groups of respondents. It performs well. However, I wanted to test if the model works for subgroups (each group can be divided into two subgroups) but they were too small for additional MGCFA (some of them are under 100 cases). I would like to do multiple regression on factor scores obtained from SEM for each subgroup. The problem is, due to the treatment of the measurement error in multiple regression, that I'll get biased results. Is there an alternative or correction for such situation?

SEM micrograph of doped Barium Titanate ceramics had certain white spots on the grains? What can be the possible reason for such white spots?

CK, OK, NAK MEANING IN SEM EDAX GRAPH

Hi all,

I am currently planning an experiment that involves viewing E. coli cells tagged with gold-conjugated secondary antibodies using a scanning electron microscope, and I am running into the issue of cost for primary antibodies. I might have the option of using primary antibodies previously purchased for Western blots, but I am unsure if these antibodies can also be used for SEM imaging. I do not yet know enough about the chemistry and reactivity of antibodies to answer this question, thus I find myself here!

On a related note, if anyone has any recommendations of good websites to purchase primary antibodies for E. coli that work with SEM, I would love some! I have found a few websites, but each of them only has 2 or 3 antibodies for this purpose.

Thanks,

Joel

i am very new to experimental physics and could you please suggest me resources to understanding the concepts of UV, FTIR, XRD, SEM, Raman and Judd Ofeld theory and i am struggling with these, are doing ?i also studying separately. if u suggest it ll be very helpful to me.

Hello everyone,

Whats up??

So, I was doing some tests with genetic (PCA scores), environmental (PCA scores), past climatic variation (PCA scores), and geographical (latitude and longitude) data using SEM analysis and some weird results came across. The determinantion coeficients (Std.all) were higher than 1.0 (100%) and p values very significant (0.000). I looked for explanations in lavaan package and other SEM documentation and videos but I didn't find nothing.

Did someone here already used SEM and get this kind of problem?

Model created and analysis summary are attached

I wonder if some one explain to me how researchers are counting microplastics in a sample of 100ml or 200ml and reporting in millions of particles. Some of the studies reported they used SEM or microscopes. My question is that: Is it even possible to count million microplastics on a single 25micro meter diameter filter paper? Please help me on how to do the counting. Any other authomated system of counting?

I am studying geotechnical properties of clay-like pumice containg clay mineral halloysite.

But I met one problem, for example, I do not konw how to make the specimen of soil to observe its morphology using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Who can tell me how to do or recommend some videos or handbook to me? Thank you very much.

Can anyone share the tissue processing protocol for SEM/TEM of tissue slides of mice?

I want to prepare a termite sample for SEM observation and i know it is dehydrated with a graded series of ethanol. but my sample has already been fixed in 75% ethanol for more than one month. So how to treat these samples to prepare for Scanning electron microscope? kindly suggest.

I am using photoshop for the same. Please suggest some good software for labelling SEM images like crater, holes etc

Hi everyone,

Some crystalline solids are covered by an amorphous layer at the surface. Are these amorphous/disordered surfaces usually directly observed by microscopic techniques?

If yes, could some literature (e.g. some review articles or some systematic SEM/TEM studies) be kindly referenced here? I'm mainly interested in metal oxides, more specifically transition aluminas, but anything relevant will be appreciated.

I would like to see a crystalline bulk and a gradual or abrupt disordering towards the surface. Also, the extent of surface disorder as a function of particle size.

Best regards,

Jamal

P.S. I previously asked a similar question and I unfortunately got unsatisfactory answers. So please answer only if you have specific responses.

I have a query about the SEM images; when I analyzed them, they showed some cracks; I stuck to why it can be shown this, what is the reason behind it, and what is the chemistry behind it. I request everyone, please give me an answer as soon as possible; thank you for your attention.

I find difficulties in interpreting the diagrams obtained by EDS integrated with the SEM within the framework of the observation of the surface of the steel coupons to check their sensitivity to bacterial corrosion, can you please help me to achieve this (attached file)?

X -> Y: X negatively affecting Y.

Y -> Z: Y negatively affecting Z.

X-> Z: X positively effecting Z

Y as a mediator.

I have completed collecting data and upload to PLS-SEM. During analysis all the value of path coefficients became positive. Do I continue to the step or not?

about type of josephson junction is called step edge ,considering that the created step edge is in micro-nanometer scale, how can you determine the area to be measured in AFM analysis ؟How to determine the border of the covered area from the etched area under the microscope (AFM or SEM)?

Is there a need to mark the back of the sample?

I would appreciate it if you could share useful articles.

I am trying to apply SEM for my research.

Calculating Total Effects Accurately in SEM

Today, 07:02

I would like to make sure that I correctly calculate total effects as well as direct and indirect effects from a path analysis model. I would be grateful if you could help me go in the right direction. The path analysis model I work with is shown below. If it weren’t for the variable SocialMarketEconomy, the total effects running from PovertyRates to GDPgrowth are: a*b + d*e + c. --> (1) What I am not confident about is the total effects running from SocialMarketEconomy to GDPgrowth via PovertyRates. Is it the following?: i*b + f*e + g + h*a*b + h*c + h*d*e --> (2) The first thing I would like to make sure is that I correctly understand the paths from SocialMarketEconomy to GDPgrow. Second, am I correct to think that in the presence of the effects (paths) from SocialMarketEconomy, the first total as well as indirect effects I write up (1) are not correct? I would like to understand this, so any help would be welcome. Thank you in advance for your kind help. Best, Taka

required comment.

They raise the problem of "weak link", but is it possible to improve inter-grain weak links by Ag nano-particles addition. In the referee's understanding, the direction of all the crystalline grains is not oriented in the samples, and no measurements have been made to assess them, so it is impossible to argue for weak link improved.

Hello

I came across a phenomenon while watching butterfly wing scales. The scales have a structure of a very fine grid.

In small magnifications (about 100X) the image looks like this (attached image). The "stripes" on the scales look like some charge up effect but it is static - it does not change without changing zoom or focus. Zooming in to about 200-300 X causes this effect to completely disappear, the grid structure becomes visible and no charging is present.

I guess it is some kind of interference effect but I am not sure.

I am using SEM for my studies. My questionnaire involve several adapted questionnaire and one newly established questionnaire. I am sure to run EFA after Pilot study. Do I still run CFA using SPSS or is it already within the SMART PLS I will utilise later?

I filtered sodium dodecyl sulfate in buffer solutions through a PES membrane. After that, I took some SEM images of my sample to visualize organic particles fouling on membrane. Here is one of my SEM image. I'm not sure if that looks like organic fouling. need some help. Thanks,

I have generated a peristimulus time histogram from some neuronal electrophysiology data and I am trying to compare the AUCs for several data. When performing AUC, GraphPad does not generate SEM or SD values. I have seen several tutorials on YouTube where they are automatically calculated.

Thank you for your assistance.

I am currently working with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) for my research, and I am interested in understanding the significance of depth of field in SEM imaging. From what I have learned, the depth of field in SEM can affect the clarity of images, especially when dealing with thicker or three-dimensional specimens. Can anyone share their experiences or insights on how the depth of field impacts SEM imaging and how it compares to optical microscopy? Are there any specific strategies or techniques that can be used to optimize depth of field in SEM? I would greatly appreciate any advice or suggestions from fellow researchers who have worked with SEM and encountered similar challenges. Thank you in advance for your input!

How to prepare yeast sample for SEM

Currently, I am trying to determine the fiber diameter in ImageJ using DiameterJ Plugin. Although I created segmented images using the diameterJ plugin, after analysis DiameterJ does not generate an excel file containing radius calculations. I attempted multiple methods, including downloading the software from multiple locations. It still contains errors. Therefore, it would be helpful if anyone who has effectively utilized the diameterJ plugin in ImageJ could share that software. Or any recommendations?

Is it possible to obtain SEM images of the surface of the electrically insulating thin film, which is 200 microns thick and has a pale yellow color, without detaching it from the 4 mm thick glass substrate?