Survey - Science topic

If you have conducted an online survey using a 5-point unipolar scale (where respondents rate items on a scale from 1 to 5, with 1 being the lowest and 5 being the highest), there are several types of analysis you can consider:

Dear Oumnia El Fikhi ,

AI tools continue to have a positive impact on productivityOf those surveyed, 64% of managers said AI's output and productivity is equal to the level of experienced and expert managers, and potentially better than any outputs delivered by human managers altogether.

https://www.beautiful.ai/blog/2024-ai-workplace-impact-report#:~:text=AI%20tools%20continue%20to%20have%20a%20positive%20impact%20on%20productivity,-Despite%20the%20apprehension&text=Of%20those%20surveyed%2C%2064%25%20of,delivered%20by%20human%20managers%20altogether.

Regards,

Shafagat

It will be nice having this international collaboration

I would examine correlation matrices for your various scales. If the correlations are all uniformly high (say .8 and above), then that would indeed be a problem.

Sepideh Emadi Do you know about the work Data Mining Group Uni Mainz in this field?

Thanks a lot for your heads up.

The Kish Leslie formula for survey sampling is:

\[ f = \frac{N}{n} \]

Where \( f \) is the sampling interval, \( N \) is the population size, and \( n \) is the desired sample size.

The complexities of data protection legislation, such as the CCPA in the US and the GDPR in Europe, are critical to understanding when it comes to legal awareness in cyberspace. This entails understanding the rights of individuals with regard to their personal data, the responsibilities of organisations that handle such data, and the possible repercussions of non-compliance. Investigating the ways in which legal systems in various jurisdictions handle data protection issues might yield important information for improving legal awareness in cyberspace.

Please tell us more about the survey. E.g., is it brand new, or is it an instrument that has been used in the past by other researchers? What is the nature of the items, and how many items are there? How is the total score computed? Is if sensible and defensible to use means & SDs as descriptive statistics? Etc. Thank you for clarifying.

PS- The question about whether the survey is new or not is motivated by this BMJ Stats Note:

Bruce Weaver – I guess my point is that the null hypothesis in education isn't set by defining 'no effect' but by defining 'not enough effect to justify the time and resources required'.

And your point is a good one: what is the / are the outcome measure(s)? An educational intervention is frequently a complex intervention with multiple inputs and multiple objectives. So the evaluation has to be an overall bang-for-bucks perspective.

Hello Christine Navratil

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made significant strides in revolutionizing marketing strategies. It's like having a super-smart assistant who can analyze vast amounts of data, predict trends, and even personalize marketing campaigns. AI is used in various marketing areas, such as customer segmentation, predictive analytics, content optimization, and chatbots for customer service. It helps marketers understand their audience better, target them more effectively, and deliver more personalized experiences, which ultimately leads to better ROI. Plus, AI-driven tools make marketing tasks more efficient, allowing marketers to focus on creativity and strategy. However, AI isn't a magic wand; it requires human oversight and guidance to ensure ethical use and accurate interpretation of data. Overall, AI is shaping the future of marketing by enabling smarter, more data-driven, and customer-centric approaches.

Buenos días, no sé si la respuesta sea aún oportuna en el tiempo, pero puedo indicarle que al desagregar una pregunta general en específicas y en sus correspondientes objetivos, estos deben ser de menor jerarquía que el general; por lo tanto, si su pregunta y objetivo general están - por ejemplo - en el nivel correlacional de la investigación sus preguntas y objetivos específicos deben estar en los niveles precedentes: descriptivo o exploratorio; en consecuencia, el análisis estadístico en el nivel específico debe corresponder a estos niveles; es decir, debe usar la estadística descriptiva dejando la estadística inferencial para la prueba de la hipótesis general. La existencia de hipótesis descriptivas en los niveles específicos no siempre requiere de la estadística inferencial. Un error frecuente de los evaluadores es solicitar que se establezcan relaciones entre las dimensiones de una variable y la categoría final de la otra, en realidad las relaciones se dan entre categorías finales de cada variable por correlacionar o asociar según sea el caso. Para las investigaciones experimentales la prueba de hipótesis radica en la comparación del antes y el después de lo que ocurre en la variable dependiente, la significatividad de esas diferencias si se hacen con estadística inferencial, pero NO TODA INVESTIGACIÓN requiere de hipótesis específicas, solo aquellas que son multivariadas o en cohorte (multidisciplinarias) en realidad y al amparo del principio de falsación de la teoría propuesto por Popper y a lo que Bunge denominara refutabilidad teórica solo deben atenderse en investigaciones bivariadas la hipótesis de investigación o trabajo y la hipótesis nula, si tiene hipótesis específicas cada una debe contar con su respectiva hipótesis nula. Espero haber ayudado en algo desde mis experiencias y conocimiento. Saludos.

ok can

I think you have too many scales measuring the same or similar constructs and too much redundancy because of that. It is unethical to expose participants to unnecessary questions. Just one scale to capture essentials of Dep, Anx, and Stress would normally be sufficient. Each is asking about point prevalence, but this is defined differently in each scale. I would review your scale selection and find one, or at most two, measures with similar point prevalence definitions, and with less overlap. This choice also depends on your purposes and the importance of those constructs in your hypotheses. It is not about seeming logical by administering the scales in order of last month, last 2 weeks, etc. That is a superficial view of this problem, even though it is better for the participant to be asked that way. Even better is not asking redundant questions, as that will turn off participants and encourage them to disengage mentally from all similar questions.

Thank you :) I also reviewed the literature and as a reusult I was wondering why we still the have the same problem since several years. For instance several mesures were introduced, however the % of women in higher leadership roles are stagnating or even decreasing over the years. That is why I´m actually focusing on two other factors that might influence this development.

Robert Matthews is it possible to ask for a personal code like:

1. First letter of your mother's first name

2. Last letter of your mother's birth name

2. Second letter of your father's first name

3. First letter of your birth place

4. Day of your birth

For example RROG12

This ensures (almost) that every participant will have a unique code, which can easily be reconstructed at several time points.

Joshua Michael Staley how did you take into account that Robert is probably not able to match the pairs, therfore, he will not be able to calculate diference scores?

I got an answer from a BJS statistician and thought I would share it in case anyone else is interested in the topic of correct settings for analyzing NCVS incident level data. The key lines below are the svyset commands.:

The svyset code in Appendix F still applies, regardless of if you are running tabulations or regressions. If you have not seen it, the NCVS User Guide from which Appendix F is taken might be helpful to you and can be found at:

https://bjs.ojp.gov/sites/g/files/xyckuh236/files/media/document/ncvs_variance_user_guide_11.06.14.pdf. Section 2 goes into more detail about how to get your data prepared, though it too uses language regarding counts/rates, etc. As for an example, here is how you would set up your svyset to run regressions:

* Create yr_grp for svyset *

recode YEAR (1992/1996 = 1)(1997/2005 = 2)(2006/2015 = 3)(2016/2022 = 4), generate(yr_grp)

* Create svyset *

egen strat=group(yr_grp V2117)

svyset V2118 [pweight=SERIES_IWEIGHT], strata(strat) vce(linearized)

V2117 is the pseudostratum variable and V2118 is the sample code variable which are needed to account for the NCVS complex sample design. Once you have svyset your data, you call the svy command and specify that you want to run a logistic regression with “svy: logistic” then you would enter whatever variables you want into your regression. This will account for the complex survey design of the NCVS. As you can see, this remains reflective of the commands in Appendix F. The PSU and strata variables do not change. What would change would be the weight you elect to apply.

The weight that you want to use would depend on your outcome variable. Victimizations and incidents can be examined using NCVS data and more information about the difference between these estimates is included on page 2 of Criminal Victimization, 2022. Details about all NCVS final weights and replicate weights are available in the NACJD documentation archived with the public-use data files. For the 2022 NCVS data, this information is included in the User’s Guide.

If age is an ordinal (ordered categorical) variable in your data set, you can simply add that variable as another predictor to your regression model.

Joana, I was not happy with three sets of questions. These 3 are shown below. I didn't like the choices. To me all tended to be biased towards an positive outcome. In other words I could not say I didn't like anything listed. And I couldn't express the questions my colleagues have with creating things that improve life vs improve the marketing and advertising of even more products.

Last summer conferences addressed the concealed use of personal data and the sustainability of the effort to collect, organize and implement this endeavor. Specifically we see the most efficient process to be centered in one data depository. Based on history of collecting personal data along with the history of technology's grand promises of improving our lives and AI's even loftier promises my studio doesn't view this favorably.

People from media and entertainment presented very engaging ideas for museums and education. But university researchers presented equal and preexisting concepts that don't rely on personal data or AI.

My opinion, this is an extension of today's AI concepts. And a bit like an answer in search of a problem.

And a dream that marketing and advertising people have adopted and contrived information to prove people want this. However the people we've asked don't want this, don't like the "creepy feel" and don't want to manipulated like this.

In addition, in my country, people are beginning to turn away from web experiences delivered by "influencers" because they (now) see them as small business advertisers.

Today the studio is trying to create ideas that engage people that intuitively feel open and honest. I can't say we understand what that means. Or how it looks. Or anything else. But that's where we are.

The following are the 3 questions mentioned eariler.

1)__ The following statements describe the potential outcomes of implementing anticipatory experiences in various industries.

2)__ The following statements describe the potential opportunities for implementing anticipatory experiences in various industries.

3)__ The following statements describe the potential pitfalls for implementing anticipatory experiences in various industries.

You probably know this publication, but just in case you do not (Auspurg & Hinz 2015. Factorial Survey Experiments).

Do you plan on randomly drawing two vignettes from the vignette population for each participant, so that you end up with ratings for all vignettes after all? If that is the case, is it feasible (in terms of the time to complete your survey) that each respondent rates more than two vignettes?

@ Dr. Dey: GREG is model unbiased. My work TRUMP that is Tuned Ratio Unbiased Mean Predictor as well as Tuned Regression Unbiased Mean Predictors are also model unbiased.

Based on your description, the variable "disclosure vs non-disclosure" is what's commonly referred to as a manipulation check or a treatment condition. It's a way to ensure that participants are indeed exposed to the intended experimental conditions. In your case, it seems like it's a manipulation of whether participants are informed about the source of the content they are viewing (AI vs. human).

Here's how you can classify it:

Regarding visualization, you can indeed create a matrix including both of the independent variables. Here's how you can visualize it:

Disclosure Non-Disclosure

__________________ __________________

| | |

| AI Content | AI Content |

|__________________|__________________|

| | |

| Human-generated | Human-generated |

| Content | Content |

|__________________|__________________|

Each cell in the matrix represents a unique combination of the two independent variables. Participants are randomly assigned to one of these conditions.

For data analysis, you would conduct a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to examine the main effects of content source and disclosure, as well as any interaction effects between them, on the dependent variables (content quality measures).

This will allow you to determine if there are statistically significant differences in content quality based on the content source, the disclosure condition, or their combination.

Remember to conduct appropriate post-hoc tests if you find significant effects, to further explore the nature of these effects.

Also, ensure that your experiment design and statistical analysis plan are aligned with your research questions and hypotheses. If in doubt, consulting with your professor or a research methodologist can provide further guidance.

Present software are more driven by Systems house and Product selling point of view. Most of them suggest corrective measures by adding some electrical component. The fundamental engineering studies and Improvement at Design basis levels are not there.

Lot of works need to be done as we need to establish the equivalence between the legacy system of Rotating machines to New Power Electronics Based systems.

It sounds like you could have some binary DVs (use versus nonuse) which would require logistic regression.

IYH Dear Bibin Thomas

W/o knowing your topic space the most general Reddit sub for surveys

eg https://www.reddit.com/r/SurveyExchange/comments/15mniyx/survey_for_my_masters_degree_thesis/

I agree with Hsin-Yuan Chen . MANOVA would be more suitable for your dataset and experimental design. It helps to control the Type I errors more effectively.

Since it is a time series data, pre-tests will dictate the best model for your study. As for the dependent variable which is measured every 3 years it is just a multi-year. To achieve your goals of fitting a suitable time series model to your series, you must ensure that all the variables/series are measured at the same low frequency and that will depend on your research questions or objectives.

Best wishes!

Dear Cristian Bucur ,

Thank you for reaching out and giving us the opportunity to contribute to your survey on drone cybersecurity. I appreciate your efforts in gathering insights on this crucial and evolving aspect of technology. Some references below will give you some insights we surveyed and summarized, including:

Hope it helps

Regards

Dear Purushotham

Each of us has the own story about life experience and why we become students .

I spend 17 years in this Construction field, and you all be surprised by the way I become student at my age 51 years old in 2024.

I can see many of you very well educated and smart appearence that link through the academic skills over the years we spend ,we know we start from scratch, making mistakes or errors help us first to introduce ourselves, who are you ? What is your aiming with GBS along for the next 4 years .

How that experience along with GBS I will use for good purposes ?

I was working especially in Construction field that involve residential projects ,and I become student because I lost the job,now the reason to message you Purushotham but also for all readers why we need to understand the Scientific Management to developing perfect skills and F.W.Taylor (1856-1915) focus on maximum prosperity that Management and workers work together towards this common aim was self evident but there were conflicts ,strikes and strikes, why ?

Taylor felt to share three main reasons that the workers feared that more output meant fewer jobs, poor quality tawdry Management resulted in workers going slow to protect themselves and worst of all ,inefficient ways of performing their allocated tasks.

My main reason before our communication is to identify us as a trust person with new skills to understand each of us .

The Project Manager I was working till this January 2024 told me to go home when I said my father dies as well and my mum suffer from osteoporosis and heart illness, was asking me to go home when I said that.

Why Management leaders cannot perform the best quality of leadership since they should guide us ? Workers like you all were casual and lackadaisical in meeting their work commitment.

I believe from all my heart through my own experience Management leaders had not studied workers methods of working to find better ways of doing jobs but had left the workers to do their jobs as best they could-with disastrous results .

That remind me clearly about Taylor when he said if there is conflicts condemned them and said that the only reason they occurred was because of unscientific Management and give us several example where he believe those fail related to .

I said to myself what type of person I can be after 4 years graduation with GBS? What type of vision and academic skills I will use on integrity basis to be proud in relation with others ? I will be better person as a best support for others to provide adequately trained to immigrants, poor people in order that in the future to do their job properly?

Can I take advantage as a Project Manager to abuse others ? Can I provide different positive outcomes to others I work that not to do against others what others did to me in the past ?

How relevant is to prove our relationship as a human kind before I answer you all,students and people paths definitely will change people concept and life education, share and talk,be kind and answer to others in the way those exchanged life experiences would help us by become better people.

My mum Maria 72 years old told me about this unique opportunity with GBS to apply when I was lost the Job in Swindon .

My promise is to be the best and learn from you all,advice each other in the context to be better people in relation with all others .

Herzberg theory noted that are demotivators as well as motivators.

Regular performances reviews bonuses and fringe benefits along with team work ,encourage involvement in all types of advice we are looking for ,help you to believe over time what type of person we are.

I mean shortly I describe myself,as a new student I am keen to learn and explore our idea in the context to become better Managers ,educated first to understand and support others from our time and life experience .

I have 2 emails that we can communicate and they're :

[email protected]

[email protected]

I would like to share and ask questions relevant for you all ,may I ask you something Purushotham, can I ?

It is straightforward, so GBS work with students from private financial support and government student finance ,1 different categories ,if you are the GBS leader are you going to treat all the students with the same responsibilities dignity and privacy for the next 4 years ?

Are you going to answer them and support all students unconditionally to their relevant subject related to trust ,equality rights ,information’s sometimes could arrive to GBS that could be falsificated by third parties that could harm the students reputations ,if for example you are GBS leader what could be your message for all students ? What is the first commitment in our relationship to be considered ?

Regards Liviu Constantin Zdroana

If you want to conclude anything scientifically meaningful, you need to have a control group with a similar intervention but that should not have any effect on the outcome. You must compare the change observed in the intervention group to the change observed in the control group. Without the control group the change you observe may be attributable to anything (including, but not exclusively to, your intervention). By comparing the change between control and intervention group, the effects of everything but of the interventions should cancel out.

Another critical point in such studies is the sampling. It's next to impossible to get a real random sample. Some patients are willing to participate, others are not. If the selection (for whatever reason) is linked, directly or indirectly, to the outcome, then your result can be generalized only to people how would participate. This may severely restrict the value of your conclusions, particularly when you don't know the reasons why patients don't participate.

I strongly suggest to contact a (bio-)statistician to help you plan the study (and to analyze it). Otherwise you take a high risk of producing worthless data. Unless your supervisor has some contact details, this may be a good start to ask for help: https://www.imperial.nhs.uk/research/research-facilities/national-institute-for-health-and-care-research-imperial-clinical-research-facility

I'd like to add that I've published a preprint that digests and analyzes the data.

google form in accessible all over the world and it's also reliable so you can export and visualize your your data with help of Excel.

I recommend you read this article that tangentially covers what I understand you want to work on. It is about changing the role of the designer. https://foroalfa.org/articulos/de-disenador-a-programador-de-diseno#google_vignette

If you need more explanation, feel free to comment me.

I see in the table you have the demographics, but how is prestige and popularity measured?

My only answer is: it does partially ruin this time dummy variable.

I have answered

Hello, I am conducting a survey on Kindness at your Workplace and I would love to hear from you. It is all anonymous and super fast to complete. Here is the link for it & kindest regards Professor Mönica Mastrantonio https://www.smartsurvey.co.uk/s/PE7UDM/

Hello Mr/Dr Sherk, I used typeform for a survey. Have you seen my manuscript, or that survey package?

Good day! It sounds like an interesting research topic. If you have any specific questions or if there’s anything specific you’d like assistance with regarding your research on “One Piece Cosplay,” feel free to let me know, and I’ll do my best to help!

If you're doing research, generally no copyright permission is necessary to use a scale. However, you must cite it correctly. It would also be nice to cite other key articles that were written by the authors that are relevant to the scale.

Dear Vola Siwakoti

Basically, to build the questionnaire, you must search for the same topic through practical search engines Such as Researchgate, Google Scholar, and others,

Through this research,

you will find similar research that used questionnaires as a tool

From there, you can start building your questionnaire.

Choosing between McNemar's test and a Chi-square test depends on the specific characteristics of your data and research question. Here's a breakdown to help you decide:

Once you've considered these factors, you should have a clearer understanding of which test is more appropriate for your analysis.

Yf Sun, the following. link will give you the initial step to downloading the file. The link will take you to a page with "download" buttons. Click on it and you'll be asked log-in to your Airiti account. Click on "log-in" and look for "create an Airiti account" to complete the process.

The question is formulated very abstractly. The choice of methodology depends on the purpose of the study, on the properties of the object of research (a specific type of animal and the specifics of its behavior in a given period of time), as well as on the time, physical and financial capabilities of researchers, etc.

I'll give you a specific example. For long-term stationary work, there are some important requirements for obtaining comparable bird mapping results during the breeding season: 1) the accounting route must be linked to the terrain; 2) observations on the route are carried out from fixed, regularly located points (for example, every 50 m); 3) observation time at each point is strictly limited (for example, 5 minutes) and does not depend on the presence or absence of birds; 4) time and the conditions of accounting coincide with the phase of maximum activity of the animal; etc.

And of course, it is important to understand that the absence of registration of an animal does not always mean its real absence, i.e. the number of animal registrations in the register may not be proportional to their number, but proportional to their visibility. Obviously, we hear a singing male bird, and not a singing male - we do not hear, but this does not mean that it is not there ...))

Astadi Pangarso, regarding the minimum number of respondents: These are easy to gather if you're doing a power analysis for a specific statistical analysis, but since you're going to be doing basic descriptive statistics, this is much easier. A sample size of 30 is widely accepted as a minimum number of respondents for these analyses, but you're better off determining whether responding was associated with any variable of interest and using that as your baseline. For example, if you notice that you have most of your responses from an accounting department, you need to reach out to other departments. If you notice mainly women responded, determine whether that's proportionate to your company's population. You don't want to focus on minimum numbers of responses, since it's not like you won't have statistical power. You should be far more concerned about generalizability. Don't worry so much about minimum numbers and focus instead on whether you have responses representing the company. You should be happy with 30 - 50. Citation for this argument and a book I recommend:

Groves, R. M., Fowler, F. J., Couper, M. P., Lepkowski, J. M., Singer, E., & Tourangeau, R. (2009). Survey methodology. Wiley.

Reliability and validity aren't as important here as many may assume. The reason is that you're going to be reporting descriptive statistics. If you were building scales and intending to use them in another analysis or to share the scales with the public for widespread use, then psychometrics comes more into play. If you're not going to report based on scale values (e.g., summated scales or factor analysis-generated measures), it's overthinking the purpose of the project. The book below outlines how psychometrics is intended to work.

Raykov, T., & Marcoulides, G. A. (2010). Introduction to psychometric theory. Routledge.

Open-ended questions are going to be checked for themes. You're going to identify patterns of responses. What do people mention most often? In what context? You may even just dump all of the responses and display them directly if you have very few that warrant attention (i.e., 5-10). Pull some useful quotes that best fit the theme. Explore Journal of Qualitative Research for some insight into common practices.

International Hierarchy Expert Survey Wave II Results:

Wave II underway: https://www.researchgate.net/post/International_Hierarchy_Expert_Survey-request_to_participate2

Dear Dr. Sargiotis!

Your project is very important also from the point of military logistics - cyberspace is already at risk in the context of EU - Russia relations:

1) Simola, J., & Pöyhönen, J. (2022). Emerging Cyber risk Challenges in Maritime Transportation. In R. P. Griffin, U. Tatarand, & B. Yankson (Eds.), ICCWS 2022 : Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security (17, pp. 306-314). Academic Conferences International. The proceedings of the ... international conference on cyber warfare and security. https://doi.org/10.34190/iccws.17.1.46 Available at:

2 )Zezhou Wang, Xiang Liu, Cyber security of railway cyber-physical system (CPS) – A risk management methodology, Communications in Transportation Research, Volume 2, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commtr.2022.100078, Open access:

Yours sincerely, Bulcsu Szekely

Dear Neha Soni ,

Generative AI has experienced remarkable growth in recent years, leading to a wide array of applications across diverse domains. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of more than 350 generative AI applications, providing a structured taxonomy and concise descriptions of various unimodal and even multimodal generative AIs. The survey is organized into sections, covering a wide range of unimodal generative AI applications such as text, images, video, gaming and brain information. Our survey aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners to navigate the rapidly expanding landscape of generative AI, facilitating a better understanding of the current state-of-the-art and fostering further innovation in the field.

Regards,

Shafagat

Since this is not a pilot study, the small numbers are not relevant.

You need to base your sample size on the minimum size of the relationship between your predictors and predicted variables that you have adequate power to detect (90% or better).

If you have a look at the RCSI sample size handbook, it gives sample sizes for studies using correlations or regression on page 51. Worst case, where the variables only share 10% of their variation (correlation 0·32), is a sample size of 99, while with a really high correlation (0·71) you could need as few as 20.

There may be several reasons for this:

1. Social and economic critiques: Changes in social and economic conditions may cause changes in people's opinions and failure to predict results.

2. Problems in fitting the questionnaire: There may be problems in the design of the questionnaire, the way it is implemented or the collection of information, which causes the failure to receive answers.

3. Changes in environmental conditions: Changes in social or economic conditions may cause changes in responses, and as a result, others' initial responses may appear inaccurate or incomplete.

4. Non-commitment to answer: Some people may not complete the questionnaire correctly as a result of non-commitment to answer.

5. Forgetting or lack of interest: Some people may forget the questionnaire after a while or may not be interested in participating in the survey for other reasons.

To improve data collection, careful research in survey design, conducting control experiments, and improving the quality and reliability of questionnaires is important.

Yes, but infrequently now. Mostly to have access the historical paper.

The survey was quite intriguing. I am eager to receive the final results of this survey.

Thank you for all that have recommended or answered this questionnaire

I agree with Daniel Wright that this a linear transformation, and go further to say that this will not affect any statistics in a linear model. The two variables will be correlated -1.0 so you should see shifts in the signs in the relevant portions of SEM, but no difference in any of the fit statistics.

FYI this implies that your advisor does not know what they are doing, but rather than pointing this out, I would politely accept their advice, reverse the scoring, and move on.

I'm not sure, as we will need to analyse the data and write the paper over the next year.

Couple of ideas: Leverage professional networks and associations, as many professors are members of such organizations which often have communication channels ideal for promoting surveys. Contact university departments, either through department heads or administrative staff, and request them to circulate your survey among faculty members. Utilize academic-focused social media and online platforms where many academics are active and engaged in relevant groups and discussions. Attend academic conferences and events related to your survey topic can be highly beneficial, as these gatherings provide opportunities for networking with professors and informing them about your survey.

ResearchGate would be a good source, I think.

What I did is to contact some of the authors of research articles on the topic of the study as another way.

Oleg:

I agree. Humor differs greatly from country to country, but there are also important similarities. That allows both for common ground, and for sometimes-unexpected differences.

You can simply determine the number of species present for diversity and collect plants by random quadrat sampling for biomass :)

Welcome Toni Simon

The survey population for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Uganda from 2010 to 2020 would depend on the specific research question and methodology being employed. However, some general considerations for determining the survey population include:

Here's a more detailed breakdown of the survey population for each variable:

In summary, the survey population for FDI and GDP research in Uganda should be carefully considered based on the research question, data availability, sampling technique, and desired level of representativeness. The specific sampling methods and sample sizes will vary depending on the research context and objectives.

Girija Ramdas Wa Alaikum Salaam,

Yes, it is certainly possible and common for PhD research to build upon and adapt instruments, frameworks, or data originally developed as part of earlier master's level work. Some important considerations:

- Ensure you have ownership or rights to use the original master's research and any restrictions on publication or adaptation.

- Extensively revise and validate the adapted instrument for the new context of your PhD research through pilot studies and expert input.

- Make significant enhancements to demonstrate doctoral-level rigor - larger sample size, broader demographics, additional variables, more robust validation.

- Avoid self-plagiarism through clearly distinguishing the PhD contributions versus reused/cited prior work in your writing.

- Note in your dissertation the origins of any adapted instruments but focus on how your PhD uniquely advanced the research and framework.

Building incrementally on your prior knowledge can be beneficial for PhD research. But it is crucial to demonstrate substantive new scholarship and contributions at the doctoral level rather than just incremental adjustments. If you lay this solid foundation, then advancing your master's work to a doctorate is very feasible. Please feel free to reach out if any other questions arise!

Bruce Weaver David L Morgan Honestly such a ditsy moment haha

The major downside is 30/900, over 3%, might be biased if you retest them. It is highly unlikely you got the survey 100% correct the first time and had no revisions. To pilot a survey, one interviews participants and analyzes data. So, the test-retest effect is a real concern.

Thank you Sunaida Sumaya Surtie Sunaida. I'll look into it!

Alžbeta Simon Technostress refers to the negative psychological and physiological impacts that individuals may experience as a result of their use of technology in the workplace or daily life. It can manifest as anxiety, frustration, or feelings of being overwhelmed due to the constant connectivity, information overload, and the demands of technology.

The prevalence of technostress in the workplace can vary significantly among individuals and industries. It often depends on factors such as the extent of technology use, job requirements, and personal coping strategies. Here are some considerations:

Nature of Work: Individuals in technology-intensive fields, IT professionals, or those who heavily rely on digital tools in their work may be more susceptible to technostress.

Frequency of Technology Use: The more frequently individuals use technology and digital communication tools, the higher the likelihood of experiencing technostress.

Job Demands: High-pressure jobs with tight deadlines and constant connectivity requirements may contribute to technostress.

Work-Life Balance: Difficulty in maintaining a healthy work-life balance due to technology-related demands can increase the likelihood of technostress.

Personal Coping Strategies: Some individuals may develop effective coping strategies, such as setting boundaries on technology use or practicing mindfulness, to mitigate technostress.

Organizational Culture: Organizational policies and culture can also influence technostress. Supportive environments that encourage work-life balance can help reduce its impact.

Regarding your survey on the impact of Artificial Intelligence on academic productivity, it's essential to gather data and insights to understand how technology affects researchers and academics. Technological advancements, including AI, can both enhance and challenge productivity in academic settings. Researchers often rely on technology for data analysis, research tools, and communication, but they may also experience technostress as they navigate digital work environments.

If you are conducting this survey for academic research purposes, it's crucial to ensure that your methodology is sound, and that you adhere to ethical guidelines for data collection and analysis. Additionally, providing clear information about the purpose of the survey and the protection of respondents' anonymity is essential to encourage participation. Good luck with your research!

Silvia Martínez-Ferreiro

Claudia Peñaloza

Monica I. Norvik Valantis Fyndanis

Eva Soroli

Maria Kambanaros Amaia Munarriz

Field GCP of different special and shapefile of your area of interest. you can directly upload in GEE or You can digitised polygon around the Ground GCP by using satellite base map and these data used as training sample by using sentinel -2 image with available different classifier in GEE like random forest, CART, SVM. It is possible to create different species vegetation map but the accuracy of classification depend quality of ground sample data.

Dear Jack,

I would be glad to share it. My course starts on 20 November'23 and I plan to teach it on 21 Nov'23. I will share the response in terms of Useful or not for my class after that date. I hope that is ok?

Salom alaykum. Taklif qiziqarli. ayniqsa, Toshkent ona shahri. Ammo men hozir Sevastopolda yashayman. Agar ma'ruza ishining masofaviy formati mavjud bo'lsa, men buni ko'rib chiqaman

thank you @Muhamad Uyun. Do you have other statistical analysis recommendations for unmatched pre-post data other than what was already mentioned by @Hugo Assunção?

Hi Maytha,

You may find my paper list useful for your future work:

■ A. Abusukhon, Z. Mohammad, A. Al-Thaher (2021) An authenticated, secure, and mutable multiple-session-keys protocol based on elliptic curve cryptography and text_to-image encryption algorithm. Concurrency and computation practice and experience. [Science Citation Index].

■ Ahmad Abusukhon, Bilal Hawashin and Mohammad Lafi (2021) An Efficient Algorithm for Reducing the Power Consumption in Offices Using the Internet of Things, International Journal of Advances in Soft Computing and its Applications (IJASCA). http://ijasca.zuj.edu.jo/Volumes.aspx

■ A. Abusukhon, N. Anwar, M. Mohammad, Z., Alghanam, B. (2019) A hybrid network security algorithm based on Diffie Hellman and Text-to-Image Encryption algorithm. Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography. 22(1) pp. 65- 81. (SCOPUS). https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09720529.2019.1569821

■ A. Abusukhon, B.Wawashin, B. (2015) A secure network communication protocol based on text to barcode encryption algorithm. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA). (ISI indexing). https://thesai.org/Publications/ViewPaper?Volume=6&Issue=12&Code=IJACSA&Seri alNo=9

■ A. Abusukhon, Talib, M., and Almimi, H. (2014) Distributed Text-to-Image Encryption Algorithm. International Journal of Computer Applications (IJCA), 106 (1). [ available online at : https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Distributed-Text-to-Image-Encryption-Algorithm-Ahmad-Mohammad/0764b3bd89e820afc6007b048dac159d98ba5326]

■ A. Abusukhon (2013) Block Cipher Encryption for Text-to-Image Algorithm. International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET). 4(3) , 50-59. http://www.zuj.edu.jo/portal/ahmad-abu-alsokhon/wpcontent/uploads/sites/15/BLOCK-CIPHER-ENCRYPTION-FOR-TEXT-TO-IMAGE ALGORITHM.pdf

■ A. Abusukhon, Talib, M. and Nabulsi, M. (2012) Analyzing the Efficiency of Text-to-Image Encryption Algorithm. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications ( IJACSA )(ISI indexing) , 3(11), 35 – 38. https://thesai.org/Publications/ViewPaper?Volume=3&Issue=11&Code=IJACSA&Seri alNo=6

■ A. Abusukhon, Talib M., Issa, O. (2012) Secure Network Communication Based on Text to Image Encryption. International Journal of Cyber-Security and Digital Forensics (IJCSDF), 1(4). The Society of Digital Information and Wireless Communications (SDIWC) 2012. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/SECURE-NETWORK-COMMUNICATION-BASED-ON-TEXT-TO-IMAGE-Abusukhon-Talib/1d122f280e0d390263971842cc54f1b044df816

Regards,

Ahmad

Participants are free to withdraw at any given time for whatsoever reason/s. If this happens, their data should be excluded and deleted.

Great! Thank you.