Biswa Mohan Sahoo

Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences(Biju Patnaik University of Technology Nodal Centre of Research) · Medicinal Chemistry

Green synthetic tools involve the design, synthesis and use of chemical substances by eliminating the generation of chemical hazards. This technique is advantageous in terms of atom economy, use of safer chemicals, energy efficient and decomposition of the waste materials to non-toxic substances which are eco-friendly. So, microwave irradiated heat...

In the pursuit of environmental sustainability, the field of green chemistry has emerged as a beacon of hope, offering innovative solutions to mitigate the ecological impact of chemical processes. This abstract explores the symbiotic relationship between green chemistry principles and sustainable practices, elucidating their pivotal role in fosteri...

Background The reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed for the quantitative measurement of monoclonal antibodies (Maftivimab, Atoltivimab, and Odesivimab) in the pharmaceutical dosage form. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved these monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of Zaire ebolaviru...

Medicinal chemistry, at the nexus of chemistry, biology, and pharmacology, continually evolves to address the dynamic landscape of human health challenges. This abstract provides a succinct overview of emerging trends shaping the field of medicinal chemistry, highlighting key advancements, methodologies, and applications that hold promise for revol...

Since ancient times, traditional herbs have been widely used around the world for health promotion and therapy. Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder and is becoming a mammoth problem that adversely affects an individual’s quality of life. Conventional therapy for the management of obesity mainly involves the use of synthetic moiety and bariatric...

The creation of reliable bioanalytical LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy) methods is crucial for the discovery, development, and eventual marketing approval of new drugs. A brand-new medication called siponimod was developed to treat Multiple Sclerosis (MS). This medication is a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator and is h...

Background The severe acute respiratory illness that was brought on because of the outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 infection has been designated as a public health emergency of worldwide concern. There is an immediate and pressing need to establish an effective therapeutic strategy to bring infections under control. COVID-19 viral spi...

A novel series of triazole-quinazoline hybrid molecules was synthesized and characterized by spectral analyses. The H37 R V strain was used to test the newly synthesised compounds for antitubercular efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Some of the synthesized compounds were effective compared with standard pyra-zinamide at a concentration o...

Isoxazoles are five-membered aromatic heterocyclic compounds in which oxygen and nitrogen atoms are present at positions 1 and 2 of the ring system. Isoxazole derivatives play a vital role due to their diverse biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-viral, anti-tubercular, anti-epileptic, anti-diabetic, anticancer, anthelmint...

Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry is a book series devoted to reviews on research topics relevant to medicinal chemistry and allied disciplines. Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry covers developments in rational drug design, bioorganic chemistry, high-throughput screening, combinatorial chemistry, compound diversity measurements, drug absorption, drug...

The green chemistry approach is also termed a sustainable technology that involves the design, synthesis, processing, and use of chemical substances by reducing or eliminating chemical hazards [1]. This technique focuses on atom economy, the use of safer solvents or chemicals, the use of raw materials from renewable resources, the consumption of en...

Cancer is considered the leading cause of death worldwide. World Health Organization (WHO) reported 14.1 million new cancer cases and 8.2 million deaths globally in the year 2012 and over 70% of new cancer cases have been estimated during the next twenty years [1-3]. Cancer is mainly characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells that f...

Sesquiterpenes (C15 terpenoids) are the class of terpenes that consist of three isoprene units (C₅ H8) with the molecular formula of C₁ ₅ H₂ ₄ . Several families of plant sources are found to be principal producers of sesquiterpene volatiles including the Lamiaceae, Geraniaceae, Rutaceae, Myrtaceae, Asteraceae, Cannabaceae, and Gingeraceae. Several...

In the past few years, scientists have learned more about how the human body uses D-amino acids and how their synthesis occurs. This has rekindled interest in researching them. D-amino acids are known to be important in an extensive variety of physiologic operations taking place inside the human body. The correlation between these radicals and the...

The spreading Hogweed or Boerhaavia diffusa L. (BD) is a potent herbal medicine with diverse pharmacological activities. In Asia and Africa, it is used in different Ayurvedic medicines as a rejuvenator or “Rasayan” for its excellent antiaging and antioxidant properties. This review is intended to provide an extensive study on different phytochemica...

In recent years, herbal nanomedicines have gained tremendous popularity for novel drug discovery. Nanotechnology has provided several advances in the healthcare sector, emerging several novel nanocarriers that potentiate the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of the herbal drug. The recent advances in nanotechnology with accelerated strategie...

Background Molecular docking study is used significantly in the drug discovery process for predicting the interaction between drug and receptor. This technique has been used commonly to identify the binding affinity and orientation of drug molecules at the binding site of the target. The main objectives of docking studies include accurate modeling...

COVID-19 is an RNA virus that attacks the targeting organs, which express angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), such as the lungs, heart, renal system, and gastrointestinal tract. The virus that enters the cell by endocytosis triggers ROS production within the confines of endosomes via a NOX-2 containing NADPH-oxidase. Various isoforms of NADPH...

Background: A novel, simple, efficient, rapid, and precise reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed for the estimation of Tenofovir and Emtricitabine in the bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. The currently developed method was subsequently validated according to ICH guidelines in terms of linearity, acc...

More than two hundred years ago, taurine was first isolated from materials derived from animals. It is abundantly found in a wide range of mammalian and non-mammalian tissues and diverse environments. Taurine was discovered to be a by-product of the metabolism of sulfur only a little over a century and a half ago. Recently, there has been a renewed...

Tempol (TP) was introduced in 1960 by Lebedev and Kazarnovskii and is an excellent catalyst extensively used in the synthesis and oxidation of various reagents. 4-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TP) has also been explored against various disorders like inflammation, superoxide anion-influenced molecular linked behavioural modifications...

Severe cases of COVID-19 are characterized by hyperinflammation induced by cytokine storm, ARDS leading to multiorgan failure and death. JAK-STAT signaling has been implicated in immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 infection under different stages such as viral entry, escaping innate immunity, replication, and subsequent inflammatory processes. Prompted...

Background Cancer is a leading cause of death for people worldwide, in addition to the rise in mortality rates attributed to the Covid epidemic. This allows scientists to do additional research. Here, we have selected Integerrimide A, cordy heptapeptide, and Oligotetrapeptide as the three cyclic proteins that will be further studied and investigate...

Background: Green strategy involves the design, synthesis, processing, and use of chemical substances by eliminating the generation of chemical hazards. This approach focuses on atom economy, use of safer solvents or chemicals, consumption of energy, and decomposition of the chemical substances to non-toxic materials which are eco-friendly. Objec...

At present, scale of water pollution calls for timely action. The widely ranging organic and inorganic compounds give rise to water contamination. The heavy metals position themselves among the major inorganic contaminants. These contaminants exceed the maximum admissible limit specified by National and international organizations like WHO (2008),...

Microwave-assisted chemical reactions are utilized as an emerging tool in drug synthesis as this technique is simple, economic, and efficient. So, a new series of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives are obtained via multi-component reactions under microwave irradiation. First of all, benzohydrazide was obtained by esterification of benzoyl chloride with met...

Phyto-constituents are the nature gift to human proved to be effective in management of various disorders. Major challenges lie in designing these phytoconstituents in an effective manner in order to enhance the bio-availability as well as overcome the solubility, stability, drug content etc. problems. One of such significant phytoconstituents is H...

Antibiotics are medications used for the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections. They may be either bacteriostatic or bactericidal, depending on whether they inhibit the growth of bacteria or kill them. They are generally produced by one microorganism and kill or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms. The term “antibiotic” was first...

Right from the breakthrough of carbapenems since 1976, many schemes on synthesis, structure-activity relationship (SAR), and biological activities have been carried out, and several carbapenems have been developed, including parentally active carbapenems like imipenem, doripenem, biapenem, meropenem, ertapenem, panipenem, razupenem, tomopenem, cila...

Organotellurium compounds define the compounds containing carbon (organic group) and tellurium bond (C-Te). The first organic compound containing tellurium was prepared by Wohler in 1840 after the discovery of the metal by the Austrian chemist F. J. Muller von Reichenstein in the year 1782. The term tellurium was derived from Latin tellus. Telluriu...

Background Active pharmaceutical ingredient to be administered in a suitable dosage form is usually incorporated with an inert substance (excipient) to achieve a necessary therapeutic effect. Pharmaceutical excipient plays a prominent role in the drug delivery system. Thus, the exploration of novel excipients is indispensable to aid in formulating...

Background and objective In the pharmaceutical era, nanoscience and nanotechnology have been revolutionary as substantial and scientific growth with the development of several innovative nanocarriers to amplify the therapeutic worth. In particular, the invention of nanomedicine is impetuous to developing nanocarriers, enabling the phytoconstituents...

Background and Objective In the past several decades, the gasto-retentive drug delivery system is considered as a novel approach and has gained immense popularity in the field of novel drug delivery systems. Among several approaches to achieve gastric retention raft forming system which comes under the classification of floating drug delivery syste...

Background and objective: In the present scenario, the use of novel nanocarriers to provide a better therapy regimen is noteworthy. Nanotechnology with the advanced system enables the herbs for encapsulation within the smart carrier and boosts the nanotherapeutic. These emerging innovations of herbal nanocarriers have paved the way for dermal targ...

Microwave radiation is used as a heating source during the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. The heating mechanisms involved in microwave-induced synthesis include dipolar polarization and ionic conduction. This heating technology follows the green protocol as it involves the use of recyclable organic solvents during synthesis. The microwave hea...

Semaglutide, a glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, is available as monotherapy in both subcutaneous as well as oral dosage form (first approved oral GLP-1 receptor agonist). It has been approved as a second line treatment option for better glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes and currently under scrutiny for anti-obesity purpose. Sema...

Introduction Semaglutide, a peptidic GLP-1 receptor agonist, has been clinically approved for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and is available in subcutaneous and oral dosage form. Diabetes, insulin resistance, and obesity are responsible for the pathological manifestations of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Similarly, insulin resistanc...

The treatment of various pathological conditions in human beings involves the use of safe and efficacious drug substances. But there are different complications associated with the treatment of various disease states including drug resistance, adverse drug reactions, toxicity, etc. To minimize these problems, there is an urgent need to develop new...

Organotellurium compounds define the compounds containing carbon (organic group) and tellurium bond (C–Te). The first organic compound containing tellurium was prepared by Wohler in 1840 after the discovery of the metal by the Austrian chemist F. J. Muller von Reichenstein in the year 1782. The term tellurium was derived from Latin tellus. Telluriu...

Background Cinacalcet HCl, a calcimimetic, BCS class IV drug with low oral bioavailability. Polymeric nanoparticles are widely used as biomaterials owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, varied structures, low toxicity, simple and easy formulation process. Objective To enhance the oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble drug i.e.,...

The microwave irradiation method is applied for the efficient synthesis of pyrimidine derivatives. The synthetic protocol involves Knoevenagel condensation followed by Michael addition reaction and cyclization of equimolar quantities of aromatic aldehydes, ethyl cyanoacetate and guanidine in the presence of ethanolic NaOH solution to produce corres...

Background The whole plant of Boerhaavia diffusa L. (BD) has wide ethnomedicinal and ethnopharmacological applications. It is a versatile medicinal herb, with tremendous antioxidant potential, used commonly in Asian and African countries for a variety of Ayurvedic formulations as a “Rasayan” or Rejuvenator. Objective This paper is aimed at providi...

Background and Objective Herbal medicines exhibit pronounced therapeutic activity with minimal toxic effects. The use of the herbal drug through the oral route is considered to be an impediment owing to its poor bioavailability. Therefore, an alternative approach to the Transdermal route was adopted. It has been a challenge for pharmaceutical scien...

Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are considered second-generation lipid-based pharmaceutical formulations in drug delivery systems. It is a more efficient drug delivery system that includes the development of nano-particulate system and its superiority over the conventional drug delivery system. Among all available nanoparticles, NLC has gained...

The treatment of various pathological conditions in human beings involves the use of safe and efficacious drug substances. But there are different complications associated with the treatment of various disease states including drug resistance, adverse drug reactions, toxicity, etc. To minimize these problems, there is an urgent need to develop new...

Background Background: Drug discovery and development process is an expensive, complex, time-consuming and risky. There are different techniques involved in the drug development process which include random screening, computational approach, molecular manipulation and serendipitous research. Among these methods, the computational approach is consid...

Multicomponent one-pot synthetic protocol is applied for the efficient preparation of a series of pyrimidine derivative under microwave irradiation method. The synthetic process proceeds via Knoevenagel condensation initially with subsequent Michael addition reaction followed by cyclization of equimolar quantities of substituted bezaldehydes, ethyl...

Cyclic peptides have emerged as a promising class of organic compounds that possess polypeptide chains with a cyclic ring structure. There is a circular sequence of bonds in which the ring structure is formed via linkage between one end of the peptide bond and the other end with an amide bond or any other chemically stable bonds like ether, thioeth...

Nanotechnology is indisputably a scientific technique that offers the prospect of new therapies, and hope, for the treatment of malignant illnesses. It is a novel technology that offers new approaches for the diagnosis and management of diverse diseases. Although the discovery of Quantum dots (QD) nano-transporters has already led to a few positive...

Coronaviruses are terrifically precise and adapted towards specialized respiratory epithelial cells, observed in organ culture and human volunteers both. This virus is found to possess an unpredictable anti-viral T-cell response which in turn results in T-cell activation and finally apoptosis, leading to cytokine storm and collapse of the whole imm...

Green chemistry is also referred as sustainable technology which involves the design, synthesis, processing and use of chemical substances by reducing or eliminating the chemical hazards. This strategy focuses on atom economy, use of safer solvents or chemicals, use of raw materials from renewable resources, consumption of energy and decomposition...

Background Schiff bases play key role for the generation of a large number of biologically active compounds via cycloaddition, replacement and ring closure reactions. Objective The objective of this study is to optimize the purity and yield of product, reaction time, eco-friendly reaction by the help of microwave assisted organic synthesis. Metho...

The synthesis of heterocyclic compounds via carbon-nitrogen (C-N) bond formation reaction is considered as an emerged and efficient protocol in the field of synthetic chemistry. The C–N bond-forming reactions can proceed through condensation, coupling, ring-opening, cyclization or ring closure process etc. The reactivity pattern of these reactions...

The immune system involves both active and passive immunization. The antibodies are devloped against the antigens during active immunization and are permanently stored. But, in case of passive immunization, the antibodies are exposed to the same antigens in every person who are already infected. In order to enhance the immune systems i.e. innate an...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) refer to the highly reactive substances, which contain oxygen radicals. Hypochlorous acid, peroxides, superoxide, singlet oxygen, alpha-oxygen and hydroxyl radicals are the major examples of ROS. Generally, the reduction of oxygen (O2) in molecular form produces superoxide (•O2−) anion. ROS are produced during a variet...

The present investigation was aimed to prepare isoniazid (INH) encapsulated Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) and to evaluate its potency against drug resistant strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an in vitro antitubercular model. The SLNs were prepared by high pressure homogenization followed by ultrasonication technique. The prepared SLNs were...

A series of pyrimidine-2(1H)-one derivative were obtained by multi-component one-pot synthesis under microwave irradiation. Equimolar quantities of ethylacetoacetate, substituted benzaldehydes and urea undergo condensation followed by cyclizaton in presence of aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide to produce corresponding pyrimidine derivatives. Wit...

Microwave (MW) synthesis is considered as an efficient approach towards "Green and sustainable chemistry" because it is environmental-friendly in nature. This synthetic process is less time consuming because it uses MW as an alternative energy source. The benefits of MW synthesis include rapid heating, absence of inertia, ease of use, better homoge...

Drug repurposing is also termed as drug repositioning or therapeutic switching. This method is applied to identify the novel therapeutic agents from the existing FDA approved clinically used drug molecules. It is considered as an efficient approach to develop drug candidates with new pharmacological activities or therapeutic properties. As the drug...

Background: Deep rooted mission for long life and having a sound skin has apparently achieved uncommon statures in our time of stamped populace maturing, aging alludes to the different procedures of mileage that influence us ceaselessly. Therefore, three primary ideal models such as ‘packed dismalness’, ‘decelerated maturing’ and ‘captured maturing...

Green synthetic protocol refers to the development of processes for the sustainable production of chemicals and materials. For the synthesis of various biologically active compounds, energy-efficient and environmentally benign processes are applied, such as microwave irradiation technology, ultrasound-mediated synthesis, photo-catalysis (ultraviole...

The outer layer of skin and underlying soft layer of tissues have been infected by several infections locally. Infection on local tissue can be overcome by administration of various topical formulations such as nanoemulgel, niosomal gel, liposomal gel etc. For obtaining the significant effect of drug delivery, nanoemulgel exhibits high intensity of...

Antibiotics are medications used for the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections. They may be either bacteriostatic or bactericidal, depending on whether they inhibit the growth of bacteria or kill them. β‐Lactam antibiotics are considered broad‐spectrum and contain a β‐lactam ring in their molecular structure. β‐Lactam antibiotics are fre...

Background Citrus limon is a small evergreen plant belongs to family Rutaceae. Species are extensively cultivated throughout the world because of their multiple health benefits for humans and their applications in pharmaceutical and food industries. Various studies were conducted using its plant parts(fruits, flowers, peels, leaves, blossoms)but th...

Background Aza-steroids are important class of compounds because of their numerous biological activities. The hetero steroids have different hydrogen bonding ability and hydrophobicity in comparison to steroids. Materials and Methods Microwave-induced synthesis of a novel type of hybrid hetero-steroid amine conjugates following Ugi-four component...

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are aromatic compounds with two or more fused benzene rings in their structural configurations. PAHs do not contain hetero atoms and substituents on the ring system. PAHs containing up to four rings are called as light PAHs while those contain more than four rings are considered as heavy PAHs. Heavy PAHs are...

Background: Catalyst speeds up any chemical reaction without changing the point of the equilibrium. Catalysis process plays a key role in organic synthesis to produce new organic compounds. Similarly, organocatalysis is a type of chemical catalysis in which the rate of a reaction is accelerated by organic catalysts. Methods: Organocatalysts have ga...

Background The continuous increase in challenges associated with the effective treatment of life threatening diseases influences the development of drug therapies with suitable physicochemical properties, efficiency and selectivity. So, organocatalysis is a potential synthetic tool which is accelerating the development of new drug molecules. Metho...

In recent years, hybrid systems are drawing considerable attention owing to their various biological applications in the drug development. Generally, hybrid molecules are constructed from different molecular entities to generate a new functional molecule with improved biological activities. There already exists a large number of naturally occurring...

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) act as major class of therapeutic agents. The biological activity of NSAIDs is due to suppression of prostaglandin biosynthesis by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme. COX is an endogenous enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. But the major side effect by...

Background Health is a lively state of the body which adjusts and adopt with the response to various environmental changes. There are several features that can influence the health status of human beings. Therefore, the continuous research study is highly essential to maintain a proper health care system in the community. Objective The diverse are...

Microwave-assisted organic reactions have emerged as a new “lead” in modern organic synthesis technology because of its accelerated rate of the reaction with improved quality and quantity of the product. It is also considered as e-chemistry because it is simple, cost effective, successful, and eco-friendly. Conventional methods of organic synthesis...

Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide and it has become a serious problem to human life. It is characterized by uncontrolled, uncoordinated, and undesirable cell division in the body. Various chemotherapeutic drugs have been developed for the treatment of cancer which includes alkylating agents (carmustine, busulfan, cyclophosphamide, cisp...

Biologically active compounds are generally synthesized using various organic solvents under different reaction conditions. But the use of organic solvents may cause hazards and environmental pollutions due to the formation of chemical waste or by-products during reactions. To avoid these problems, water is chosen as a suitable solvent to carry out...

Tuberculosis is one of the most devastating diseases present in the world which possesses a global health threat of escalating proportions. The concerned disease is the leading infectious cause of mortality today behind only HIV/AIDS. The impetus for the development of newer structural classes of antitubercular drugs is imminent from the fact that...

Microwave heating, in recent time has taken an indubitable place in organic synthesis as a very effective and eco-friendly method of activation of reaction. The development of a new drug molecule with the desired biological properties is time-consuming and expensive. In order to identify the potential drug candidates, rational drug design along wit...

Green chemistry refers to the utilization of set of principles which reduces the generation of chemical hazardous during design, manufacture, and use of chemical substances. Sustainable approach involves the alternative process to conventional synthetic method. The chemical synthesis without solvents provides neat reaction, good product yields in s...

Brain tumor diagnosis and therapy is an extremely challenging task. The absence of early stage symptoms and consequently delays in diagnosis matter a lot in tumor therapy. The chemotherapeutic approach is the most common therapeutic approach in brain tumor cases, still, it is linked with several precincts. The greatest challenge in chemotherapeutic...

Background Benzimidazole is the fused heterocyclic aromatic compound. It is an essential pharmacophore and privileged structure for the development of new drug molecules. These are bioactive molecules present in various anthelmintic drugs such as albendazole, mebendazole, parbendazole, triclabendazole etc. Methods Benzimidazole derivatives are syn...